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"clean-ref-blind-10-1002-0471142727-mb29b03s77", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 787, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-7759-cureus-7881", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 789, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00360-012-0730-3", 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"confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 804, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-20004508-2016-1275185", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 785, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acs-analchem-9b05765", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 874, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s11658-023-00490-5", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 6654, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 10 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are essentially identical, referring to the same topic about N6-methyladenosine modification's role in viral infection. The only differences are minor formatting variations: the claimed title uses 'N(6)-methyladenosine' with parentheses around the 6, while the resolved title uses 'N6-methyladenosine' without parentheses. Additionally, the claimed title uses a period at the end while the resolved title uses no punctuation. These are trivial stylistic differences in how the same chemical compound is written and do not represent different papers. Both have the same first author (Zhang) and address the identical topic. This is clearly the same paper with only minor notational variation in how the chemical name is formatted.", "cost_usd": 0.0010936000000000001 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11523-019-00645-5", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 951, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-arr-2020-101149", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 817, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], 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"applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jhazmat-2018-01-026", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 797, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-optcom-2013-06-015", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 773, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1146-annurev-soc-22-1-129", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 819, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1146-annurev-ento-011118-111804", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 894, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { 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"verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 994, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0005-7967-01-00055-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 777, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1257-000282804322970760", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5339-qmj-2012-2-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 793, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-egypro-2019-01-106", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": 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null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 776, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1137-080734029", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 805, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1056-nejmra1713301", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 802, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-pscychresns-2020-111030", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 842, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1158-1078-0432-ccr-20-0863", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { 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"provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2341-14-095-bl", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 826, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jcis-2013-11-067", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 857, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-10407789008944804", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=mismatch, expected=matched" }, "elapsed_ms": 6898, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "different_paper", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title differ significantly in their core subject matter and technical focus. The claimed title mentions 'TPCT' (undefined in the claim) and discusses 'compressibility broke down' (grammatically awkward), suggesting a focus on compressibility phenomena. The resolved title is specifically about 'high-temperature heat pipes with pulsed heat input' and discusses 'compressible analysis' in that context. While both involve transient two-dimensional analysis at high temperature and share the same first author (Cao), they appear to address fundamentally different physical systems and phenomena. A heat pipe with pulsed input is a distinct engineering problem from whatever 'compressibility breakdown' the claimed title references. The resolved paper's specific focus on heat pipes with pulsed heat input is not captured in or reflected by the claimed title's language about 'compressibility breakdown' and 'TPCT.' This appears to be a fabricated or severely misremembered citation rather than an informal abbreviation of the same work.", "cost_usd": 0.0013552 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11160-023-09822-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1245, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1037-a0020015", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 774, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0014-2921-95-00073-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 816, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-227680a0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1021, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2174-1874471009666161019144950", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 993, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1179-1743280412y-0000000001", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 789, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3141-1661-05", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 811, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ejca-2018-09-033", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 788, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": 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"arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 805, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1037-0033-2909-83-3-482", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 768, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1561-9781601986276", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 788, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tins-2021-01-006", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1010, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-term-2194", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 816, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-procir-2022-08-129", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 824, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-en16196785", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 795, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acsami-8b09204", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 763, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1148-radiology-216-1-r00jl4519", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 778, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-pr200621z", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1209-0295-5075-133-27001", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 5239, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 10 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title adds the word 'quantum' before 'photon' compared to the resolved title, but otherwise the titles are nearly identical. Both refer to the same phenomenon (photon Hall effect on metal surface), have the same first author (Gao), and describe the same core concept. The addition of 'quantum' appears to be a descriptive elaboration rather than a change to the fundamental topic. This is consistent with an informal rephrasing or abbreviation pattern where someone added a qualifier to the title. The resolved paper at the given identifier matches the core subject matter of the claimed citation.", "cost_usd": 0.0009504000000000001 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jfoodeng-2008-05-022", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 791, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-laa-2016-06-033", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 786, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1570-7458-2007-00569-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cell-2022-06-050", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 841, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1037-xge0000128", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 812, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-52214-stlr-v23i1-9391", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "ambiguous", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=ambiguous, expected=matched" }, "elapsed_ms": 2597, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 3 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1073-pnas-1819992116", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 843, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-nph-13420", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 862, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1532-5415-2008-02127-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 854, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10915-019-00947-w", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 785, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1161-jaha-121-024999", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 776, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s13300-018-0429-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-7554-elife-07370", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-2014jc010686", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 782, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jenvman-2019-109557", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1019, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-prosdent-2006-04-012", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acsnano-6b01569", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 773, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ejphar-2011-12-035", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 817, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s12984-018-0428-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 833, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2307-2412813", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 813, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1528-1157-1997-tb01129-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 787, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10653-017-9941-6", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 903, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jeurceramsoc-2007-02-122", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 772, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-gene-2005-12-028", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 888, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1103-physrevlett-67-1570", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 775, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1086-430985", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 5067, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are substantively identical, both titled 'Authenticity in Painting: Remarks on Michael Fried's Art History' by Pippin. The only difference is that the claimed citation includes 'Robert' in quotation marks before the title, which appears to be an informal or incomplete reference to the author's full name (Robert B. Pippin). This is a minor formatting variation in how the author's first name is presented, not a substantive difference in the paper itself. The core content, exact title, and author match between the claimed and resolved citations, confirming they refer to the same paper.", "cost_usd": 0.001 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-heares-2006-05-012", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 817, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-bib-bbz163", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 800, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": 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"crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-wneu-2016-06-091", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 781, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1371-journal-pmed-1002352", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 816, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-jlt-2019-2962322", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 796, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ejim-2020-05-021", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 791, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3389-fpsyg-2019-00509", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 854, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-optmat-2008-11-012", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 858, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-envres-2021-111236", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1010, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-jlt-2021-3059771", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 793, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1001-jamadermatol-2018-3022", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 796, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-bf02705519", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 811, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1039-js8682100181", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 6488, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 8 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title 'On the hydride of aceto-salicyl' and the resolved title 'XXIII.—On the hydride of aceto-salicyl' refer to the same paper. The resolved title includes a Roman numeral prefix (XXIII.—) which indicates this is part of a numbered series of papers, likely from a journal or publication series. The core content—'On the hydride of aceto-salicyl' by Perkin—is identical between the two titles. The difference is simply that the claimed title omits the serial numbering designation. This is a standard abbreviation practice where the full citation includes organizational markers (like chapter or article numbers) that are sometimes omitted in informal citations or references. The first authors match (Perkin), and the subject matter is identical.", "cost_usd": 0.0011568 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jnn-2019-08-003", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 818, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-compositesa-2012-10-007", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 886, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-bbrc-2011-06-049", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 786, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-jsm-0000000000000203", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 775, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-progpolymsci-2017-02-002", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 840, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1158-2159-8290-cd-18-0387", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 812, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-ohn-629", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 794, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1115-1-2910657", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 4359, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title refer to the same paper with only minor stylistic differences. The claimed title uses 'broke down' (awkward phrasing, likely a translation artifact) where the resolved title uses 'Analysis' - both conveying the same meaning of numerical/mathematical examination. The core topic is identical: analysis of high-temperature heat pipe startup from frozen state. Both have the same first author (Cao) and appear to be the same work, just with slightly different English phrasing. The claimed title appears to be an informal or translated version of the resolved title rather than a fabricated citation.", "cost_usd": 0.0009736 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3389-fpubh-2018-00149", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1009, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1001-jama-2014-8637", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-978-3-030-69415-9-207", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 778, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-math10060891", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 883, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1088-0957-0233-21-8-085202", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 773, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jpowsour-2018-12-021", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1124, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1464-410x-2004-04608-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 866, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1073-pnas-89-10-4442", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 858, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-scitotenv-2017-09-226", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 799, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-enconman-2021-114821", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 782, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-ncomms1257", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 816, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0360-3016-92-90023-b", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 775, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-access-2020-2978518", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 780, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijforecast-2005-03-004", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 799, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1214-06-ba117a", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 780, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10584-011-0217-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 774, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5694-mja2-51476", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 767, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1462-2920-2010-02267-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 797, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1115-1-3119501", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 834, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1001-jamanetworkopen-2021-38228", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 821, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cpcardiol-2023-102103", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 956, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-apcatb-2017-06-049", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1059, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1103-physrevlett-117-166803", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", 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"provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1128-jb-05736-11", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 773, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0043-1354-98-00336-4", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 848, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-rs11121476", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 780, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-34172-hpp-2021-50", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1012, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1115-1-4038550", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 768, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-inthealth-ihx062", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 842, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1115-1-2910540", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 849, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s40262-020-00898-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1212, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tkde-2020-3021649", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 769, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41598-019-55331-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1017, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acs-macromol-2c01184", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 836, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tvt-2008-2009306", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 947, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cam-2004-01-033", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 821, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-access-2021-3057659", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 778, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-indcrop-2015-02-009", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 786, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jaad-2018-08-047", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 830, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-toxrep-2015-10-007", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 800, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-conbuildmat-2019-117187", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 804, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-15568318-2018-1519086", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 774, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijtst-2024-03-003", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 769, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-heliyon-2023-e19906", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 790, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0896-6273-91-90052-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1102, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-cncr-32859", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 832, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0210-4806-09-74003-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 5261, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 2 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title describe the same study with the same first author (Bellette). The resolved title is in Spanish and translates to 'Electroestimulation of the posterior tibial nerve for the treatment of overactive bladder. prospective and controlled study,' which matches the claimed English title. The core study design (prospective, controlled study), treatment method (posterior tibial nerve stimulation/electroestimulation), and condition (overactive bladder/vejiga hiperactiva) are identical. The claimed title is an English-language version or translation of the Spanish resolved title. This is a language translation rather than an informal abbreviation per se, but it clearly refers to the same paper with the same authors and methodology.", "cost_usd": 0.0010992 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-aeue-2021-153895", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 852, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jbusvent-2013-05-001", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 800, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-taes-2021-3122790", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 794, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-dsr-2009-06-004", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 789, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-1369118x-2017-1386229", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 776, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41426-018-0206-y", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "ambiguous", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=ambiguous, expected=matched" }, "elapsed_ms": 3209, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": 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} } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-46867-ijcp-2009-22-03-04", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 771, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tig-2017-05-006", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 782, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": 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"arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 787, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-nm-3103", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1105, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-1346-8138-15074", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 809, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-agee-2021-107673", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 860, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-cej-0000000000000511", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 844, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0167-8655-93-90058-l", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 832, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-fee-1528", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 860, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1515-coma-2015-0005", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 837, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s12070-011-0437-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 4509, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title refer to the same paper. The claimed title uses the abbreviation 'URTI' (Upper Respiratory Tract Infections) while the resolved title spells this out in full as 'Upper Respiratory Tract Infections'. Additionally, 'noninterventional' in the claimed title is presented as one word, while in the resolved title it is 'Non-Interventional' with a hyphen and capitalization. These are stylistic and formatting variations of the same work. Both titles describe an Indian non-interventional study on azithromycin in acute bacterial upper respiratory tract infections, with the same first author (Donde). The core topic, scope, and subject matter are identical.", "cost_usd": 0.0010872 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jenvman-2016-12-038", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 835, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijid-2023-01-045", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 785, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-envint-2006-03-003", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 815, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jallcom-2019-152049", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 811, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-gb-2011-12-11-r116", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1137, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-jerd-12383", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 817, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cpc-2013-03-010", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 844, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1044-2017-jslhr-s-16-0343", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 782, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11858-008-0104-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 862, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-pcc-0b013e31820abca8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 794, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-ageing-26-suppl-4-15", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 779, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1136-jitc-2022-005577", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0022-1759-85-90388-6", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 850, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-contraception-2018-05-017", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 779, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41598-019-48743-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 788, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00040-016-0486-y", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 789, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-access-2018-2808326", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 782, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ress-2019-106706", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 788, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jmathb-2010-06-002", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 885, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-enganabound-2014-04-021", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 815, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-renene-2022-09-015", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 791, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0967-0645-03-00010-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-prs-0000000000003242", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1017, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-gsd-2020-100367", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 782, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1466-7657-2007-00605-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 833, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s12284-019-0317-7", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 808, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3109-01913129109016242", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 772, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1177-1461444819854733", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 768, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijrmms-2016-07-028", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 832, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-lubricants4010005", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1189, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1155-2014-964873", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 765, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-cryst12060755", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-169195a0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 776, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-adfm-201200922", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 887, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-eist-2019-11-004", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 982, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s12665-022-10579-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 828, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-imm-13036", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 848, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-rser-2010-09-043", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 779, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-nn-4393", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1008, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1249-mss-0b013e3182a66155", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 786, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-molliq-2019-111968", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 990, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-rfs-hhm069", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 777, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-joen-2013-08-024", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 841, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-eji-200425615", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 788, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11575-014-0224-5", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 794, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cherd-2015-05-023", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 795, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11116-012-9424-7", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 879, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-mechrescom-2020-103612", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 778, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0065-2407-09-03706-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1231, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1371-journal-pone-0132999", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 855, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-ncomms2512", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 995, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1001-jama-2014-16425", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 761, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-epsl-2014-07-022", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 907, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s1369-5274-02-00335-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 787, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11552-008-9125-z", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 818, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-01441640903187001", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 849, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1287-orsc-1100-0541", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-evj-12715", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 826, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-549023a", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 792, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-nature11477", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 790, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11135-021-01244-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-joule-2022-09-008", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 791, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-bbadis-2021-166097", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1122, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1098-rsta-1985-0037", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 839, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00366-015-0415-0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 4744, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 2 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title refer to the same paper, with the main difference being conciseness. The claimed title omits the words 'algorithms for prediction and optimization' from the resolved title, but this is a reasonable abbreviation rather than a substantive difference. Both titles describe the same core topic: using a combination of neural network and ant colony optimization methods to address flyrock and back-break phenomena in blasting operations. The first author name matches (Saghatforoush), and the technical content and methodology are identical. The claimed title is simply a shortened version that preserves the essential meaning and focus of the resolved title.", "cost_usd": 0.001 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-tbed-13919", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 854, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tnnls-2012-2197412", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 905, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s13741-017-0059-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1030, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-ijms241813889", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1025, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00220-010-1029-4", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-aap-2023-107042", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 794, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0886-3350-03-00229-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 791, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tpwrs-2002-807091", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 765, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1192-apt-bp-115-014563", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 777, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-apt-2018-07-019", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 818, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": 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null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 835, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cemconcomp-2018-05-009", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 854, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-24815-journalces-v5i2-23311", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, 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"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 909, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-solener-2012-07-003", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1109, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-polb-22259", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1019, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-soilbio-2013-06-004", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 814, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-00455091-1996-10717460", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 4872, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed and resolved titles are substantively the same paper with minor differences. The claimed title 'Must Conceptually-informed Experience Involve Non-Conceptual Content' is a shortened/informal version of the resolved title 'Must Conceptually Informed Perceptual Experience Involve Non-Conceptual Content?' The key differences are: (1) the resolved title includes 'Perceptual' which specifies the type of experience, and (2) the resolved title includes a question mark while the claimed title does not. These are trivial variations consistent with how citations are sometimes abbreviated or paraphrased. Both titles address the identical philosophical question about the relationship between conceptually-informed experience and non-conceptual content. The author match (Sedivy) further confirms this is the same paper cited with a slightly shortened title.", "cost_usd": 0.0011728 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5455-ijmsph-2013-2-173-178", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 804, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1086-433186", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 782, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": 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"reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4995-wrs-2010-18-02", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 791, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-s22186766", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 990, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": 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"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 805, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-wnp-0000000000000247", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 773, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s2589-7500-23-00083-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 835, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-02755947-2012-672364", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 769, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-sab-2022-106481", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1017-s1368980007000419", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 776, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1364-oe-426398", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 781, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0005-7967-89-90115-0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 852, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0006-8993-81-90067-6", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 782, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-fbp-2014-09-012", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 5126, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title adds 'Food and Bioproducts Processing' at the beginning, which appears to be the journal or publication context rather than part of the actual paper title. The core subject matter is identical: both refer to enzyme and high pressure assisted extraction of carotenoids from tomato waste. The first author matches (Strati). The resolved title is the actual paper title, while the claimed title includes what is likely a journal name or subject classification prefix. This is a typical case of an informal citation that includes extraneous publication context information before the actual title.", "cost_usd": 0.0009431999999999999 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-wcms-81", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 804, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0301-6226-95-00064-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 774, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s12866-021-02311-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1045, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1155-2013-808460", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1103, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1042-bj20080344", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 854, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3851-imp2649", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 839, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0140-6736-09-60552-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 777, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-aenm-201800569", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 793, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1001-jama-2011-992", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 890, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5005-jp-journals-10005-2364", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 779, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-nbt-1708", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 825, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-jctb-2724", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 851, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-proci-2006-08-024", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 778, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-171737a0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-app-44390", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 771, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-actbio-2020-06-037", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 878, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1001-jamapediatrics-2016-0114", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 822, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-epsl-2013-04-026", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 787, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jclepro-2019-03-307", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 849, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5194-acp-16-14853-2016", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 995, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1257-aer-20181897", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 768, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1146-annurev-phyto-082712-102342", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 798, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-7453-gahmj-2015-058", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 772, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1469-8749-1990-tb08430-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-jae-1159", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 772, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-star-202100033", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 796, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-978-3-030-19738-4-19", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 840, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-js9-0000000000000737", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 802, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00704-013-0857-5", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 836, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1103-physrevlett-97-187401", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 815, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-ajr-12354", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 766, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-ja8023059", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 967, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-coin-12156", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 830, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-nrurol-2013-149", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1017, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-joms-2004-03-010", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 768, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijpharm-2012-10-026", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 796, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1167-tvst-11-1-30", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1255, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4218-etrij-17-0116-0173", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 787, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1029-2011gl049856", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1128-jvi-00284-15", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 964, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jpowsour-2010-08-112", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 852, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-snb-2017-12-073", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 810, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-soilbio-2019-107701", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 801, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0921-5093-00-01248-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 812, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-fld-1650200824", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 792, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-reprotox-2011-09-009", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 780, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2135-cropsci1987-0011183x002700010022x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 777, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jenvman-2009-04-002", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 775, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-conengprac-2005-06-006", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 878, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1523-jneurosci-2048-05-2005", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 848, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1039-c5cy02158h", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 809, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11434-010-4079-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 6910, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are essentially identical. The only difference is a minor formatting variation: the claimed title has 'MS7.1' while the resolved title has 'M S7.1' (with a space between M and S). This is a trivial typographical difference in how the magnitude notation is written. Both titles refer to the exact same topic: the Yushu earthquake surface rupture and historical earthquakes on the Garzê-Yushu Fault. The first author matches (Chen). This is clearly the same paper with an informal/inconsistent notation for the magnitude designation rather than a different paper or genuine abbreviation of the title content.", "cost_usd": 0.001052 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-rnc-1198", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 815, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1128-aem-17-5-769-770-1969", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 919, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acs-est-1c05855", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 785, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-cr050943k", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1030, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-978-3-642-39044-9-276", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 771, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tree-2008-10-008", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 929, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11082-022-04116-6", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 916, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jscs-2011-05-001", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 790, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-15459620701329012", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 854, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1600-0668-2011-00717-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 853, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-vaccine-2020-03-062", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 771, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijhydene-2019-01-186", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 835, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1037-0003-066x-58-9-697", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 956, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-gox-0000000000003423", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 851, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-carbon-2015-07-046", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 775, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1086-589747", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1007, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-explore-2018-02-001", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1049, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1073-pnas-88-22-10362", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 893, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tcbb-2014-2343960", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 798, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1371-journal-pone-0180191", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 807, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0021-9258-20-89960-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 7265, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title is a more specific and detailed version of the resolved title. The claimed title specifies the paper as part I of a series on bacterial cytochromes and provides specific organisms (Micrococcus denitrificans and Pseudomonas denitrificans) studied in that part. The resolved title 'BACTERIAL CYTOCHROMES' is a general/umbrella title that the claimed title falls under. Both share the same first author (Vernon) and the same core topic (bacterial cytochromes). The claimed title appears to be a complete or expanded version of what might be the full citation for part I of a multi-part work, while the resolved title is the abbreviated or general form. This is consistent with how older academic series were sometimes cataloged with both specific part titles and general series titles.", "cost_usd": 0.0011664 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11606-017-4282-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 793, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0967-0637-01-00071-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 851, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-371065a0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 955, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00228-008-0504-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 852, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2214-ajr-144-1-135", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 766, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-jmp4010002", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 777, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0304-405x-76-90022-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 821, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1159-000442708", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 847, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tfuzz-2022-3152077", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 785, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-bf02736442", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 822, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-electacta-2018-08-028", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 852, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-332078a0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 855, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cej-2024-149261", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 995, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tpwrs-2017-2746261", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1018, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1063-1-4871865", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 854, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-ccm-0b013e318275882f", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 781, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cjca-2023-12-034", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 777, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-renene-2018-02-074", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 764, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1061-asce-0733-9445-2002-128-2-153", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "ambiguous", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=ambiguous, expected=matched" }, "elapsed_ms": 2116, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": "crossref-search", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 2 } ], "caveats": ["resolved via title-search; the supplied identifier did not resolve"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-03067319-2020-1715382", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 806, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4103-0976-9668-184700", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 942, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-sla-0000000000001416", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 796, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10856-018-6107-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 934, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-artd-2020-03-006", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 893, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s1470-2045-16-00141-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 853, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-ni1512", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1001-jama-295-22-2613", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 775, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-ajpy-12098", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1000, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-conbuildmat-2018-08-150", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 789, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-cells11152465", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1017, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1051-bioconf-20235705003", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 786, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijid-2018-07-002", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 819, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3389-fenvs-2016-00068", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-pen-25481", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 790, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-epsc-2015-08-005", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ajic-2016-01-031", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1063-1-4876477", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1280, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1017-s0031182000075041", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 788, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3168-jds-2019-16999", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 6607, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 2 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed and resolved titles refer to the same paper, though with minor wording differences typical of informal abbreviations or citation variations. Both titles:\n\n1. Share the same first author (Poindexter)\n2. Discuss the same intervention: feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to lactating dairy cows\n3. Focus on similar outcomes related to mineral concentrations in lactating dairy cows\n4. Address dairy cow health/immunity parameters\n\nThe key differences are:\n- Claimed: \"increases mineral concentrations and decreases severity of mastitis\"\n- Resolved: \"increases serum mineral concentrations and alters mammary immunity\"\n\nThese represent different phrasings of related outcomes. \"Decreases severity of mastitis\" and \"alters mammary immunity\" both refer to immune/disease effects in the mammary gland, which are closely related concepts. The claimed title's mention of mastitis severity is more specific/concrete, while the resolved title uses the broader term \"mammary immunity.\" Additionally, the resolved title specifies \"serum mineral concentrations\" while the claimed title omits \"serum,\" but this is a minor detail that could easily be shortened in an informal citation.\n\nThe core topic, intervention, population, and general outcomes are identical. This is a clear case of an informal abbreviation or paraphrase of the same paper.", "cost_usd": 0.0017152 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-ijms22136971", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 798, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41594-019-0326-7", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 815, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-apm-2018-04-001", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 778, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1103-physreve-103-062133", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 817, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1108-jdqs-11-2022-0025", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 786, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-14712598-2019-1595581", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 805, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10479-010-0760-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 806, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1242-jeb-054601", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 778, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-12688-f1000research-15517-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 802, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-den-13699", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 786, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jclepro-2018-12-122", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 900, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0924-2244-94-90070-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 785, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2337-dc20-1485", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 820, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-15681-kswe-2015-31-6-599", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 793, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tetlet-2016-06-039", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 781, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-ijms161226169", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 803, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-math10214145", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 915, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s40534-020-00209-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1056, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2746-042516405775314862", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 797, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-envint-2016-10-003", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 828, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1103-physrevlett-101-247201", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 781, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tie-2022-3212415", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 925, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1088-0953-2048-24-8-085014", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 801, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ejmg-2018-11-019", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 905, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tree-2013-04-002", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 790, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s12917-019-1800-5", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 963, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijepes-2022-108494", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 770, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-nar-gkad903", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 811, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1139-e10-025", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 851, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": 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"clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 781, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1088-1361-665x-ab7e35", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 938, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-apt-14537", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 825, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ifset-2020-102521", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5120-ijca2019918681", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1074-jbc-273-20-12296", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 772, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1182-blood-2004-04-1512", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-jps-23242", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 788, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1046-j-1365-2184-1999-3240239-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 804, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-b978-0-12-394596-9-00004-4", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1002, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-cm049764u", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 777, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-scitotenv-2016-06-239", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 4753, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are essentially identical, with only a minor difference in spacing/formatting: 'multiplestressor' in the claimed version versus 'multiple stressor' (two words) in the resolved version. This is a trivial typographical variation, not a substantive difference. Both titles have the same first author (Bowes), cover the same topic (phytoplankton dynamics in the River Thames), use the same methodology (high-frequency water quality data), and address the same research question (multiple stressor controls). The difference is merely a spacing issue that does not affect the meaning or content of the paper.", "cost_usd": 0.0010064 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4028-www-scientific-net-kem-814-224", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 852, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-nahs-2019-05-002", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 805, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], 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} } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1176-appi-ps-202000515", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 805, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1086-508717", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 776, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": 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The only difference is the notation used for Greek letters: the claimed title uses ASCII-like characters (g′, g″, d) while the resolved title uses proper Greek letters (γ′, γ″, δ). This is a common formatting variation that occurs when papers are cited informally or in plain text environments that cannot render Greek letters. The first author (Cao) matches in both versions, the material (Inconel 718), the processing method (selective laser melting), and the heat treatment context are all identical. The core scientific content and specificity are preserved. This represents an informal representation of the same paper, not a different work.", "cost_usd": 0.0011768 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijsu-2012-08-016", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 850, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1146-annurev-polisci-6-121901-085538", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 849, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": 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false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-46984-sebatik-v28i2-2386", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 790, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-bja-2020-04-081", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1051, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-athoracsur-2015-04-019", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 805, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-evl3-28", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1002, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-cid-12554", 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"http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 778, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s13197-019-03591-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 825, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41592-018-0235-4", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1266, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-msea-2015-11-060", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 771, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3171-2015-7-focus15278", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 795, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tsg-2022-3185975", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 996, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-jbmr-2007", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 793, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00245-019-09584-z", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 811, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-bf02838402", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 851, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-jso-25337", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 788, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3233-hsm-1994-13109", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 796, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1474-9726-2005-00153-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 6096, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 4 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are essentially identical, with only minor formatting differences. The resolved title uses italics for 'in vivo' and 'Caenorhabditis elegans' (indicated by the tags), while the claimed title presents these in regular formatting. The core content, word order, and scientific meaning are completely preserved. Both titles describe the same study about using spectrofluorimetry to identify endogenous biomarkers related to healthspan and dietary restriction in C. elegans. The first author is identical (Gerstbrein). These formatting variations are typical of how titles may be rendered differently across databases and citations without altering the fundamental paper being referenced.", "cost_usd": 0.0010888 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-ece3-6867", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 957, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1603-ec10037", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 893, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jana-2015-09-003", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 925, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3934-dcds-2017268", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 868, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-matchar-2014-05-017", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 803, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1127-metz-2016-0816", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 876, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-10408398-2015-1077195", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 774, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-mib-2012-08-001", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 773, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-anucene-2016-05-031", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 772, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00376-013-2157-5", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 789, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1257-aer-104-5-141", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 849, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5210-fm-v7i4-942", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 763, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1371-journal-pone-0080018", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 845, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41893-022-00921-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 982, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1136-dtb-2021-000029", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 826, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-apergo-2016-06-003", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1001, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1461-0248-2011-01669-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 787, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00397-016-0980-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 815, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-35808-ijeba-288", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 810, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1083-jcb-120-2-545", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 771, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41598-020-67617-y", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 790, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1897-03-412", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 890, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0002-8703-99-70019-0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 765, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1124-jpet-108-138701", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 787, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-memsci-2018-08-013", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 774, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1371-journal-pone-0012543", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 875, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3389-fnagi-2014-00295", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-access-2020-2991348", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 834, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-conbuildmat-2018-12-004", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 781, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jcrs-2005-06-041", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 821, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jmmm-2008-06-012", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 5257, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are essentially identical. The only minor difference is the representation of the en-dash in 'Sol–gel' versus 'Sol - gel' (with spaces around the hyphen), which is a typographical variation rather than a substantive difference. Both titles describe the exact same topic: synthesis of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles via sol-gel route and their characterization using XRD, FTIR, and VSM techniques. The first authors match ('Pradeep'). This is the same paper; the claimed citation simply uses a slightly different dash formatting.", "cost_usd": 0.0010136 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-ijerph17103452", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 809, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1039-c2jm15946e", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 789, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", 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"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1015, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2166-wst-2019-012", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 780, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1049-iet-gtd-2016-1717", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { 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"attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2307-3033543", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 848, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cattod-2016-03-034", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 858, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-bbrc-2020-06-102", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 770, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cej-2022-136959", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 829, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1103-physreve-89-022910", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 774, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0021-9258-18-67644-6", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 889, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1143-jpsj-18-589", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 797, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-actamat-2012-01-012", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 850, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, 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"clean-ref-blind-10-4155-fmc-11-117", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 793, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-dmrr-2751", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 853, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-en14165207", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1012, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-ddg-12578", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 771, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-sna-2003-10-073", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1039-d1em00159k", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 803, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-neunet-2012-09-004", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-jae-659", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 767, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-chemosphere-2013-01-081", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1054, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acs-inorgchem-6b02837", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 6131, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 10 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title refer to the same paper. The differences are purely formatting-related: the claimed title uses 'E. mer' (likely an abbreviated first name) while the resolved title uses italicized 'mer', and 'fac' versus italicized 'fac'. These are stylistic variations in how chemical nomenclature is presented (italicization of stereochemical descriptors is standard in formal publications). The core content is identical: both describe coordination chemistry of an Alkyl-POP ligand in nonclassical osmium hydrides, with the same first author (Esteruelas). This is a clear case of informal abbreviation and formatting variation of the same paper.", "cost_usd": 0.001112 } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-bf02001005", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 851, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4269-ajtmh-19-0748", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 777, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-clpt-2013-193", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 772, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1553-2712-1998-tb02624-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 787, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1039-c5ra09733a", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 784, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-jfd-13070", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-bre-12148", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 853, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-msea-2007-01-117", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 850, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jclepro-2011-11-053", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1264, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s13662-019-2438-0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "ambiguous", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=ambiguous, expected=matched" }, "elapsed_ms": 4864, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 10 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jagp-2012-11-020", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 953, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5152-jtgga-2010-03", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 827, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], 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The resolved title is 'Feeder & basic fibroblast growth factor-free culture of human embryonic stem cells' while the claimed title adds 'Role of conditioned medium from immortalized human feeders' as a subtitle or descriptive phrase. Both titles share the core topic: culturing human embryonic stem cells without feeders and without basic fibroblast growth factor. The first author (Teotia) matches in both cases. The additional phrase in the claimed title describes the specific mechanism or focus studied in the paper (the role of conditioned medium), but this represents an informal, more complete description of the same work rather than a different paper. 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"resolved_via": "pubmed", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10934049", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 853, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "pubmed", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC8638998", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 848, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "pubmed", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC12261998", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 850, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "pubmed", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11357214", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3332, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "pubmed", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1004.3696", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1061, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1912.00132", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 8399, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title refer to the same paper with minor differences. The claimed title includes 'and unconventional superfluidity' while the resolved title does not explicitly mention this phrase. However, examining the core content: both titles reference 'Coupled First-Order Transitions' and 'Fermi-Bose mixture' with the same first author (Sheshadri). The additional phrase 'and unconventional superfluidity' in the claimed title appears to be an expansion or elaboration of the resolved title rather than describing a different paper. This is consistent with how paper titles are sometimes abbreviated in citations or how authors might describe their work with additional descriptive content. The fundamental topic—coupled first-order phase transitions in Fermi-Bose mixtures—remains identical between both versions. The claimed version simply provides more descriptive detail about what the paper discusses (the unconventional superfluidity aspect), which is a common pattern of informal expansion rather than a different paper entirely.", "cost_usd": 0.0013064 } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-2502.09799", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 989, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1505.07870", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 853, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1910.08172", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 853, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-2510.19897", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1021, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-0805.3472", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 957, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1211.2842", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 6258, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 3 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are essentially identical in content and meaning. The only differences are minor stylistic variations: the claimed title uses a hyphen in 'Phonon-mediated' while the resolved title uses 'Phonon mediated' without the hyphen. Both titles describe the exact same concept: a quantum spin simulator that uses phonons and a planar ionic crystal arrangement in a Penning trap. The core topic, specificity, and technical content are preserved identically. This is a stylistic variation rather than a substantive difference, consistent with an informal abbreviation or minor formatting variation in how the same paper's title is cited.", "cost_usd": 0.0010048000000000001 } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1708.09619", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1080, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-cond-mat/0410432", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 868, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-2211.06879", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "confidence=low, expected one of [high,medium]" }, "elapsed_ms": 7375, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 5 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 3 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are identical. The claimed title is not abbreviated or paraphrased—it matches the resolved title exactly. Since the titles are the same and refer to the same work by Bugajewski on formal power series composition and right distributive law, they clearly refer to the same paper. The verdict of 'informal_abbreviation' is appropriate here as the citation accurately reflects the actual paper, even though there is no abbreviation or informal rephrasing involved in this case.", "cost_usd": 0.0008648 } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-0905.3083", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=mismatch, expected=matched" }, "elapsed_ms": 4444, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 2 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-hep-ph/9509296", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1065, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1908.00854", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 875, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1211.6649", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 854, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "arxiv-datacite", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2015ApJ...800...48M", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1050, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2022MNRAS.510...54A", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 955, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2020PhRvD.102i1701D", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 941, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2017MNRAS.469S.661K", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 971, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2017ChEG...77..131D", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 951, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2016JGRA..121.1979R", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 857, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2017ApJ...840L..16S", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 852, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2020GeCoA.271...16V", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 957, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2016JSWSC...6A..36H", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 947, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2017PhRvD..96d3510L", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 955, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021FrASS...7..116A", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 966, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2017MNRAS.472.2221S", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 955, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2022PEPI..32706878H", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 861, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021JInst..16P8042C", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 899, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021CeMDA.133...43M", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1004, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "ads", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780395423172", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=mismatch, expected=matched" }, "elapsed_ms": 5201, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", 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{ "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781535041331", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1698, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9783498021337", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1509, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781434468079", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1776, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781119141426", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1632, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780343820923", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1813, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9782859395285", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1390, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9783030009397", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2294, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781793078971", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1183, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780399505195", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1258, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9783319066707", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1262, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "OpenLibrary", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-378330", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 5619, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "doi.org", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-269971", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 4202, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "doi.org", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-272186", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1197, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "doi.org", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270817", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 5961, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "doi.org", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-269804", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 5003, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "doi.org", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270586", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 5091, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "doi.org", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270547", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 5320, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "doi.org", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271116", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1349, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "doi.org", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270278", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 4292, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "doi.org", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271380", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 4758, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "doi.org", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-tre-2014-12-010", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 6826, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 6 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "different_paper", "reasoning": "The claimed title is about fatigue crack propagation in additively manufactured titanium alloys using finite-element frameworks - a materials science and mechanical engineering topic. The resolved title is about green supply chain collaboration and guanxi (business relationships) in China - a supply chain management and organizational behavior topic. These are fundamentally different research domains with no topical overlap. While both papers share the first author 'Luo', this is a common name and the papers address entirely different subjects. This appears to be a fabricated citation where the identifier does not correspond to the claimed paper.", "cost_usd": 0.0009472 } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3354-esr01173", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3370, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-jhep04-2021-019", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 6781, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 2 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s10854-020-03726-8", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 4069, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-jpcs-2018-12-001", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2923, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1111-tgis-12675", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 4844, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1557-s43580-022-00215-4", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3185, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-ara-2023-100462", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2387, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-chempr-2022-11-011", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3255, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 3 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-jallcom-2016-08-300", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3717, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 5 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1177-0032258x231184778", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3743, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 8 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-memsci-2018-10-011", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 5196, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 10 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "different_paper", "reasoning": "The claimed title concerns paleoclimate reconstruction using speleothem oxygen isotopes in the East Asian monsoon region - a topic in paleoclimatology, geology, and isotope geochemistry. The resolved title concerns the preparation of water-based anion-exchange membranes from PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) for anti-fouling in electrodialysis - a topic in materials science and membrane technology. These are entirely different research domains with no substantive overlap. While both papers share a first author named Liu, the topics are completely unrelated. This is a clear case of a fabricated or misattributed citation where the claimed paper does not match the actual paper at the given identifier.", "cost_usd": 0.0010576000000000001 } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-ijcard-2018-10-026", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2400, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-engstruct-2021-112096", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3868, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 10 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-2528-pierc15021207", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3438, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-30516-bilgesci-652473", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3348, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1111-are-13302", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 5103, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-genrep-2022-101637", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2138, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-rpor-2016-07-001", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2385, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1590-0104-6632-20190361s20170495", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2974, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-17073-0021-3438-2021-2-4-13", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3694, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-ophtha-2021-10-010", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3370, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 10 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-26117-2079-6641-2023-44-3-121-129", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3349, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["title is non-Latin script; character-level similarity is weaker here"], "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-12737-article-5c73fc224c5338-00189018", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1803, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s10750-018-3642-8", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 4366, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1177-0891242415619008", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 6787, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 10 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "different_paper", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are about completely different topics. The claimed title is about mechanistic interpretability of attention heads in large language models, which is a machine learning/AI research topic. The resolved title is about the association between professional performing arts and knowledge class growth, which is a social sciences/education research topic. Despite both papers having a first author named Nelson, the subjects are entirely distinct and unrelated. This appears to be a fabricated citation where the claimed paper does not actually exist at the given identifier.", "cost_usd": 0.0008704 } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-cell-2021-08-028", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2390, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-jchromb-2021-123056", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3296, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 10 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1111-jon-12291", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3108, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 4 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-26518-2071-7296-2022-19-4-546-559", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2183, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1089-jir-2014-0212", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 6812, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "different_paper", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title describe fundamentally opposite findings regarding interleukin-37's effect on vascular calcification and atherosclerosis. The claimed title states a 'Deleterious Effect' while the resolved title states a 'Protective Effect' - these are directly contradictory conclusions about the same biological mechanism. Additionally, the claimed title specifies 'Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Humans without Diabetes' while the resolved title specifies 'Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice with Diabetes' - different model organisms and different disease states (presence vs. absence of diabetes). While both papers share the same first author (Chai) and overlap in subject matter (IL-37, vascular calcification, atherosclerosis, ApoE-deficiency), these differences are too substantial to be a simple paraphrase or abbreviation. The opposite directional findings (deleterious vs. protective) and different experimental conditions (humans without diabetes vs. mice with diabetes) indicate these are distinct papers investigating related but different biological scenarios.", "cost_usd": 0.001424 } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1136-ebnurs-2022-103586", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 1012, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1186-s12876-022-02600-7", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 794, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3390-molecules26092679", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 4993, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 4 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "different_paper", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title differ in a critical detail: the claimed title specifies 'Mouse Serum Albumin' while the resolved title specifies 'Human Serum Albumin.' Additionally, the claimed title contains 'without a New BODIPY Dye' while the resolved title contains 'with a New BODIPY Dye' - the inclusion or exclusion of the dye is a fundamental difference in the experimental approach. These are not mere paraphrases or abbreviations; they describe substantively different research (different protein substrate and different methodology regarding dye usage). While both authors are the same and the general theme involves serum albumin labeling, the specific biological material and experimental design differ significantly enough to constitute different papers.", "cost_usd": 0.0011272 } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-ridd-2017-09-007", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 798, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-jechem-2021-04-046", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2614, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 2 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "upstream_error" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1057-s41286-021-00117-0", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 851, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3389-fsurg-2021-719840", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 783, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1038-onc-2015-426", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 1002, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-4103-jcrsm-jcrsm-25-19", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 814, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1134-s102745102002010x", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 879, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1097-bpo-0000000000001212", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 796, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1117-1-ap-5-5-056007", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 847, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3390-rs13091797", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 779, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1002-pchj-301", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 800, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3390-jpm13071181", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=matched, expected=mismatch" }, "elapsed_ms": 792, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], 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"resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1007-s11427-017-9139-7", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1708, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-phycom-2021-101413", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2201, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1007-s00106-019-0643-5", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1430, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-3390-jcm11092665", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 4523, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1103-physrevd-98-064004", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1458, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 2 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-3390-molecules28041814", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3227, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1080-01904167-2018-1454958", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2697, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1075-lab-22081-osh", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2722, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1038-s41563-020-0759-8", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3322, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-3389-fimmu-2022-1045731", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1827, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1208-s12248-019-0343-9", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 5056, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 4 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 3 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are identical: 'A Bounded Integer Model for Rating and Composite Scale Data'. The first author is also the same: Wellhagen. This is a perfect match, not an abbreviation or paraphrase, but rather the exact same citation. Since the titles are completely identical and the authors match, this clearly refers to the same paper. The verdict of 'informal_abbreviation' is the most appropriate category here, as it encompasses cases where the claimed citation matches the resolved paper (including exact matches), as opposed to 'different_paper' which would indicate fabrication or a mismatch.", "cost_usd": 0.000984 } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1371-journal-pgen-1006628", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 6176, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are identical, and the first authors match (Berglund). This is a perfect match of the paper, not even a paraphrase or abbreviation. The citation accurately reflects the actual published paper. This represents a correct citation of the same paper.", "cost_usd": 0.0007072000000000001 } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1155-2018-9026071", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=mismatch, expected=matched" }, "elapsed_ms": 6589, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 10 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "uncertain", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are identical, including the first author (Li). However, without access to additional metadata such as publication year, venue, co-authors, or a DOI/URL, I cannot definitively confirm that the claimed citation refers to the exact same paper instance rather than a different paper that happens to have the identical title and first author. The match in title and first author is very strong evidence they refer to the same paper, but the lack of disambiguating information prevents a fully confident verdict. This could plausibly be either the same paper (which would normally warrant 'informal_abbreviation' verdict, but the titles aren't abbreviated—they're identical) or potentially a case where multiple papers share the identical title. The identical nature of the titles actually makes 'informal_abbreviation' inappropriate since there is no paraphrasing or abbreviation present. Without further distinguishing information, certainty cannot be achieved.", "cost_usd": 0.0012304 } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1029-2022jc018981", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 791, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-2208-jscejhe-72-i-289", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 6033, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are identical in all substantive respects. Both have the same first author (YANO) and address the exact same specific topic: assessing woody debris disaster risk at bridges along the Kagetsu River using a generation potential concept. The titles match word-for-word, indicating this is the same paper. There is no abbreviation or paraphrasing evident here - it appears to be a direct match rather than an informal variant, but since the verdict options provided are 'informal_abbreviation', 'different_paper', or 'uncertain', and this clearly refers to the same paper with identical title and author, the most appropriate classification is 'informal_abbreviation' (understanding that this encompasses exact matches as well, as they all refer to the same underlying paper).", "cost_usd": 0.0011632 } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-3390-ma15041423", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 858, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1080-25726641-2023-2222909", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 4821, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search", "llm_screen"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": true, "model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5", "prompt_version": "2026-05-12", "verdict": "informal_abbreviation", "reasoning": "The claimed title and resolved title are identical, and the first authors match. This is a perfect match, not a paraphrase or abbreviation, but rather an exact citation. The verdict of 'informal_abbreviation' is the closest available category for this exact match, as it encompasses cases where the citation refers to the same paper. The paper clearly exists at the identified source, and there is no fabrication or reference to a different topic.", "cost_usd": 0.0008424 } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1016-j-ejor-2017-01-023", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=mismatch, expected=matched" }, "elapsed_ms": 1931, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "upstream_error" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-3390-su10010131", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=mismatch, expected=matched" }, "elapsed_ms": 3776, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 2 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "upstream_error" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1080-17405629-2016-1265501", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 780, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1016-j-ejphar-2020-173327", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=mismatch, expected=matched" }, "elapsed_ms": 3236, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare", "search"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 1 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 1 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "upstream_error" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1103-physrevc-98-064908", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "matched", "confidence": "medium", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 821, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["compare"], "resolved_via": "crossref", "caveats": ["verdict reflects a publication-year gap"], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1080-00377317-2020-1715750", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence": "low", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": false, "reason": "verdict=mismatch, expected=matched" }, 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"verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2408, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-14", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2982, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", 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"error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1243, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-17", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2322, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 10 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-18", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1761, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-19", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1477, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 3 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-20", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 3195, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 5 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-21", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2083, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-22", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2100, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 2 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-23", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1927, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-24", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1860, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-25", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2131, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-26", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2277, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-27", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2243, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-28", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 2285, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-29", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1923, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } }, { "id": "fab-invented-30", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "invented", "http_status": 200, "verdict": "not_found", "confidence": "high", "error_code": null, "error_message": null, "expected": { "verdict": "not_found", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "match": { "ok": true }, "elapsed_ms": 1463, "attempts": 1, "provenance": { "stages_run": ["search"], "resolved_via": null, "registries_searched": [ { "registry": "crossref", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "pubmed", "ok": true, "count": 0 }, { "registry": "openalex", "ok": true, "count": 0 } ], "llm_screen": { "applied": false, "reason": "verdict_not_eligible" } } } ] }