{
"name": "validation-set-v2-blind",
"spec": "VERIFIER_EVAL_v2_SPEC §4.C / §11; DECISIONS D1–D16",
"status": "SEALED — measuring once (§11)",
"blind": true,
"probed_verify": false,
"sealed": true,
"assembled_at": "2026-05-25T14:33:49.431Z",
"seed": 20260525,
"spot_check": {
"reviewer": "Mark",
"date": "2026-05-26",
"result": "47/47 pass, 0 problems"
},
"composition": {
"total": 350,
"clean": 308,
"fabrication": 42,
"flagged_recall_denominator": 37,
"by_partition": {
"frame-drawn": 265,
"whoiris-bulk-trivial": 10,
"stressor": 28,
"stressor-known-hard": 5,
"fabrication": 37,
"fabrication-calibration": 5
},
"by_arm": {
"clean": 308,
"fabrication": 42
},
"fabrication_by_attack": {
"real-doi-fake-title": 16,
"real-doi-wrong-authors": 6,
"real-doi-wrong-year": 5,
"wrong-doi": 4,
"pmid-doi-split": 4,
"invented": 7
}
},
"far_partitions": {
"core": "frame-drawn",
"+stressors": ["frame-drawn", "stressor"],
"known_hard_called_out": "stressor-known-hard",
"whoiris_bulk_trivial_called_out": "whoiris-bulk-trivial"
},
"sources": [
{
"file": "clean-doi-references.json",
"n": 205
},
{
"file": "clean-pubmed.json",
"n": 12
},
{
"file": "clean-pmcid.json",
"n": 12
},
{
"file": "clean-arxiv.json",
"n": 12
},
{
"file": "clean-ads.json",
"n": 12
},
{
"file": "clean-isbn.json",
"n": 12
},
{
"file": "clean-whoiris.json",
"n": 10
},
{
"file": "stressors.json",
"n": 33
},
{
"file": "fabrications.json",
"n": 42
}
],
"_validation": {
"ok": true,
"problems": []
},
"entries": [
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-scitotenv-2017-06-260",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1002/jeq2.20216). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Milačič R.\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1002/jeq2.20216, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Potentially toxic elements in water and sediments of the Sava River under extreme flow events",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Milačič R."
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.260"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jclepro-2021-127898",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/buildings15030446). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Shih\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/buildings15030446, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Urban green and blue infrastructure: A critical analysis of research on developing countries",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Shih"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127898"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jmaa-2011-07-002",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.cam.2021.113625). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Hu\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.cam.2021.113625, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Stability in distribution of neutral stochastic functional differential equations with Markovian switching",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hu"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.07.002"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1179-037195504225006100",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/min10030280). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Yekeler\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/min10030280, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Characterisation of surface roughness and wettability of salt-type minerals: Calcite and barite",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Yekeler"
}
],
"year": 2004,
"doi": "10.1179/037195504225006100"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3168-jds-2011-4236",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3168/jds.2019-17936). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"van Zijderveld\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3168/jds.2019-17936, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Persistency of methane mitigation by dietary nitrate supplementation in dairy cows",
"authors": [
{
"family": "van Zijderveld"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"doi": "10.3168/jds.2011-4236"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0263-2241-85-90024-7",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/s24237598). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"McIntyre\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/s24237598, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Recent developments in silicon avalanche photodiodes",
"authors": [
{
"family": "McIntyre"
}
],
"year": 1985,
"doi": "10.1016/0263-2241(85)90024-7"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-reseneeco-2014-01-004",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.econlet.2024.112049). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"He\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.econlet.2024.112049, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Additional Market Incentives for Abatement: an Analysis of Flue-Gas Desulfurization by-Products",
"authors": [
{
"family": "He"
}
],
"year": 2014,
"doi": "10.1016/j.reseneeco.2014.01.004"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jfineco-2011-08-014",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2022.106649). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Öztekin\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2022.106649, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Institutional determinants of capital structure adjustment speeds",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Öztekin"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.08.014"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-scitotenv-2020-138997",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/su13115931). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Sobral\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/su13115931, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Association between climate variables and global transmission oF SARS-CoV-2",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Sobral"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138997"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acs-est-1c08614",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108498). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Li\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108498, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Comprehensive evaluation of dietary exposure and health risk of polychlorinated naphthalenes",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Li"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.1021/acs.est.1c08614"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acs-jpclett-9b00196",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109529). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Liu\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109529, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Red-emissive organic crystals of a single-benzene molecule: elastically bendable and flexible optical waveguide",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Liu"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00196"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-app12199820",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.inffus.2023.102037). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Raza\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.inffus.2023.102037, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A novel deep learning approach for deepfake image detection",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Raza"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.3390/app12199820"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijhydene-2011-07-102",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.039). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Saraswat\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.039, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Ni-Cu-Zn/MCM-22 catalysts for simultaneous production of hydrogen and multiwall carbon nanotubes via thermo-catalytic decomposition of methane",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Saraswat"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"doi": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.07.102"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-nar-gkl189",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/ijms24065960). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Clote\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/ijms24065960, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "DiANNA 1.1: An extension of the DiANNA web server for ternary cysteine classification",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Clote"
}
],
"year": 2006,
"doi": "10.1093/nar/gkl189"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s13024-020-00376-6",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fnmol.2022.909989). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Wang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fnmol.2022.909989, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Mitochondria dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: recent advances",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Wang"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1186/s13024-020-00376-6"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1023-b-rubi-0000023102-04368-3d",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102642). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Usov\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102642, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Polar constituents of brown seaweed Colpomenia peregrine (Sauv.) Hamel from the Black Sea",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Usov"
}
],
"year": 2004,
"doi": "10.1023/b:rubi.0000023102.04368.3d"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-smll-201401423",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229895). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Zheng\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229895, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "An efficient CeO2/CoSe2 Nanobelt composite for electrochemical water oxidation",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Zheng"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1002/smll.201401423"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1039-b800489g",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135659). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Kudo\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135659, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Kudo"
}
],
"year": 2009,
"doi": "10.1039/b800489g"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-still-2016-09-002",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104122). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Li\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104122, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Soybean root traits after 24 years of different soil tillage and mineral phosphorus fertilization management",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Li"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/j.still.2016.09.002"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-ana-22366",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105351). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Polman\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105351, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Polman"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"doi": "10.1002/ana.22366"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1039-c8ee01157e",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100202). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Staffell\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100202, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Staffell"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1039/c8ee01157e"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-atherosclerosis-2006-01-008",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1371/journal.pone.0235821). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"P Giral\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1371/journal.pone.0235821, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Carotid atherosclerosis is not related to past tuberculosis in hypercholesterolemic patients",
"authors": [
{
"family": "P Giral"
}
],
"year": 2007,
"doi": "10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.01.008"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-seppur-2023-123599",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.cep.2023.109610). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Bourdon\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.cep.2023.109610, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Experimental and numerical investigation of gas-side mass transfer in Taylor flow",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Bourdon"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"doi": "10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123599"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-sici-1099-1174-199709-6-3-235-aid-isaf13",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/info12120505). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Etheridge\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/info12120505, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A comparison of the relative costs of financial distress models: Artificial neural networks, logit and multivariate discriminant analysis",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Etheridge"
}
],
"year": 1997,
"doi": "10.1002/(sici)1099-1174(199709)6:3<235::aid-isaf135>3.0.co;2-n"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1680-jsuin-19-00054",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/min10030280). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Liu\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/min10030280, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Simulation of fatty acid adsorption at the magnesia surface",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Liu"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1680/jsuin.19.00054"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jfineco-2014-11-007",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.10.017). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Dang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.10.017, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Commonality in news around the world",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dang"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.11.007"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-cancers12020464",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fonc.2023.1102269). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Gerloff\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fonc.2023.1102269, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Melanoma-derived exosomal miR-125b-5p educates tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) by targeting lysosomal acid lipase a (LIPA)",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Gerloff"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.3390/cancers12020464"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5194-tc-5-173-2011",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1017/jog.2020.79). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Sandberg Sørensen\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1017/jog.2020.79, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet (2003–2008) from ICESat data – the impact of interpolation, sampling and firn density",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Sandberg Sørensen"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"doi": "10.5194/tc-5-173-2011"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-glia-24095",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109287). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Hough\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109287, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Macrophages in the cochlea; an immunological link between risk factors and progressive hearing loss",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hough"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.1002/glia.24095"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ceramint-2010-10-018",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.02.115). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Fei\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.02.115, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A comparative study of MoSi2 coatings manufactured by atmospheric and vacuum plasma spray processes",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Fei"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"doi": "10.1016/j.ceramint.2010.10.018"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-2110-5820-2-49",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jopan.2024.07.019). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Cavallazzi\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jopan.2024.07.019, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Delirium in the ICU: an overview",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Cavallazzi"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1186/2110-5820-2-49"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1177-1060028017718845",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1590/s2175-97902022e18426). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Nahata L\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1590/s2175-97902022e18426, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Gender-affirming pharmacological interventions for youth with gender dysphoria: when treatment guidelines are not enough",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Nahata L"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1177/1060028017718845"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-psychres-2016-12-052",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.7759/cureus.12679). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Adamson J\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.7759/cureus.12679, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Correlates of vitamin D in psychotic disorders: a comprehensive systematic review",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Adamson J"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.052"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-bioinformatics-btq226",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.32604/cmc.2022.019776). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Iam-On\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.32604/cmc.2022.019776, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "LCE: A link-based cluster ensemble method for improved gene expression data analysis",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Iam-On"
}
],
"year": 2010,
"doi": "10.1093/bioinformatics/btq226"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijfatigue-2014-03-005",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.128937). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Guennec\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.128937, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Effect of the loading frequency on fatigue properties of JIS S15C low carbon steel and some discussions based on micro-plasticity behavior",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Guennec"
}
],
"year": 2014,
"doi": "10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.03.005"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-aje-kwq231",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101313). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Ostro\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101313, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "The effects of temperature and use of air conditioning on hospitalizations",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ostro"
}
],
"year": 2010,
"doi": "10.1093/aje/kwq231"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2337-dc16-1682",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/biom12070934). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Gerstein\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/biom12070934, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Novel Biomarker for Metformin",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Gerstein"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.2337/dc16-1682"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-ppul-25733",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/diagnostics14181999). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"McBennett\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/diagnostics14181999, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Increasing life expectancy in cystic fibrosis: Advances and challenges",
"authors": [
{
"family": "McBennett"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.1002/ppul.25733"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s42004-022-00707-2",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.036). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Fazli\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.036, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A BaTiO3/WS2 composite for piezo-photocatalytic persulfate activation and ofloxacin degradation",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Fazli"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.1038/s42004-022-00707-2"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tust-2019-01-013",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jag.2024.104259). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Afshani\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jag.2024.104259, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Study of infrared thermal application for detecting defects within tunnel lining",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Afshani"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1016/j.tust.2019.01.013"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1162-neco-1991-3-2-246",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.cma.2021.114333). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Park\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.cma.2021.114333, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Universal approximation using radial-basis-function networks",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Park"
}
],
"year": 1991,
"doi": "10.1162/neco.1991.3.2.246"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3109-07388551-2014-900734",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121762). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Torzillo\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121762, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Advances in the biotechnology of hydrogen production with the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Torzillo"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.3109/07388551.2014.900734"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1177-0271678x17732449",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3233/jad-220359). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Sisante\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3233/jad-220359, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Blunted cerebrovascular response is associated with elevated beta-amyloid",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Sisante"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1177/0271678x17732449"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-gb-2002-3-7-research0036",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.32604/cmc.2022.019776). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Dudoit\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.32604/cmc.2022.019776, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A prediction-based resampling method for estimating the number of clusters in a dataset",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dudoit"
}
],
"year": 2002,
"doi": "10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-research0036"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tra-2017-04-023",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/su17031032). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Caulfield\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/su17031032, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Examining usage patterns of a bike-sharing scheme in a medium sized city",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Caulfield"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/j.tra.2017.04.023"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-19474199-2011-593867",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/buildings13102553). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Ngwenya\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/buildings13102553, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Making innovation systems work in practice: Experiences in integrating innovation, social learning and knowledge in innovation platforms",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ngwenya"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"doi": "10.1080/19474199.2011.593867"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tca-2021-179055",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jct.2022.106958). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Chen\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jct.2022.106958, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Thermal conductivity of betaine-glycerol, betaine-1,2-propanediol based deep eutectic solvents",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Chen"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1016/j.tca.2021.179055"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0167-8655-95-00075-r",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.32604/cmc.2022.019776). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Ralambondrainy\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.32604/cmc.2022.019776, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Conceptual version of the k-means algorithm",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ralambondrainy"
}
],
"year": 1995,
"doi": "10.1016/0167-8655(95)00075-r"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1194-jlr-m044826",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.01.010). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Lam\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.01.010, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Extensive characterization of human tear fluid collected using different techniques unravels the presence of novel lipid amphiphiles",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Lam"
}
],
"year": 2014,
"doi": "10.1194/jlr.m044826"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5812-ijem-3505",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/s20205838). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Ghasemi\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/s20205838, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Normality Tests for Statistical Analysis: A Guide for Non-Statisticians",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ghasemi"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.5812/ijem.3505"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-apsusc-2015-08-246",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.039). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Pudukudy\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.039, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Methane decomposition over Pd promoted Ni/MgAl 2 O 4 catalysts for the production of COx free hydrogen and multiwalled carbon nanotubes",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Pudukudy"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.08.246"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1073-pnas-0904055107",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/molecules28020491). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Kwon\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/molecules28020491, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Generation of regulatory dendritic cells and CD4+Foxp3+ T cells by probiotics administration suppresses immune disorders",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Kwon"
}
],
"year": 2010,
"doi": "10.1073/pnas.0904055107"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-psyp-13523",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.04.002). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Muehlroth\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.04.002, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Understanding the interplay of sleep and aging: methodological challenges",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Muehlroth"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1111/psyp.13523"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1162-089976698300017467",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/rs11050550). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Smola\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/rs11050550, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Nonlinear Component Analysis as a Kernel Eigenvalue Problem",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Smola"
}
],
"year": 1998,
"doi": "10.1162/089976698300017467"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jval-2017-02-005",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/crocol/otae026). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Null\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/crocol/otae026, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Ulcerative colitis treatment patterns and cost of care",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Null"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/j.jval.2017.02.005"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0167-8140-97-00220-x",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.02.012). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Overgaard\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.02.012, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A randomized double-blind phase III study of nimorazole as a hypoxic radiosensitizer of primary radiotherapy in supraglottic larynx and pharynx carcinoma. Results of the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Study (DAHANCA) Protocol 5-85",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Overgaard"
}
],
"year": 1998,
"doi": "10.1016/s0167-8140(97)00220-x"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4103-0028-3886-144442",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/0028-3886.302455). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Deogaonkar\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/0028-3886.302455, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Accuracy and precision of targeting using frameless stereotactic system in deep brain stimulator implantation surgery",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Deogaonkar"
}
],
"year": 2014,
"doi": "10.4103/0028-3886.144442"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1039-c7ra07385b",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169775). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Tang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169775, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Microwave-assisted seed preparation for producing easily phase-transformed anatase to rutile",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Tang"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1039/c7ra07385b"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1089-jwh-2010-2415",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.anclin.2020.01.011). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Rauscher\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.anclin.2020.01.011, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Disparities in screening mammography services by race/ethnicity and health insurance",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Rauscher"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1089/jwh.2010.2415"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-sajb-2020-11-010",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/d15020195). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Vafaee\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/d15020195, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Phenotypic characterization and seed-micromorphology diversity of the threatened terrestrial orchids: Implications for conservation",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Vafaee"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1016/j.sajb.2020.11.010"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-energy-2017-05-123",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100202). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Lund\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100202, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Smart energy and smart energy systems",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Lund"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.123"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-conbuildmat-2022-126677",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/c11010016). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Ngo\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/c11010016, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Application of nanotechnology for earth materials: An exploratory study with graphene-based nanosheets",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ngo"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126677"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-09205063-2021-1996962",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fnagi.2022.987732). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Cao\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fnagi.2022.987732, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Low deacetylation degree chitosan oligosaccharide protects against IL-1β induced inflammation and enhances autophagy activity in human chondrocytes",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Cao"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.1080/09205063.2021.1996962"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1063-1-4901941",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/mi11010102). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Wells\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/mi11010102, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Determination of the adhesion energy of graphene on SiC(0001) via measurement of pleat defects",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Wells"
}
],
"year": 2014,
"doi": "10.1063/1.4901941"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3171-jns-2006-104-4-488",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/0028-3886.302455). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Starr\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/0028-3886.302455, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Microelectrode-guided implantation of deep brain stimulators into the globus pallidus internus for dystonia: Techniques, electrode locations, and outcomes",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Starr"
}
],
"year": 2006,
"doi": "10.3171/jns.2006.104.4.488"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acsami-2c22000",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/cryst14090762). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Cressoni\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/cryst14090762, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "From Nanothermometry to Bioimaging: Lanthanide-Activated KY3F10 Nanostructures as Biocompatible Multifunctional Tools for Nanomedicine",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Cressoni"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"doi": "10.1021/acsami.2c22000"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4084-mjhid-2012-065",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/s2352-3026(23)00118-7). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Luzzatto\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/s2352-3026(23)00118-7, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Sickle cell anaemia and malaria",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Luzzatto"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.4084/mjhid.2012.065"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-17310-ntj-2017-1-07",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1061/jupddm.upeng-4389). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Anderson S. T.\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1061/jupddm.upeng-4389, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Hedonic prices and equilibrium sorting in housing markets: A classroom simulation",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Anderson S. T."
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.17310/ntj.2017.1.07"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-biopha-2018-06-136",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105438). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Rapalli\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105438, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Emerging landscape in psoriasis management: From topical application to targeting biomolecules",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Rapalli"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.136"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-geomorph-2011-11-016",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1002/esp.4979). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Dürst Stucki M\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1002/esp.4979, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Deepening of inner gorges through subglacial meltwater: an example from the UNESCO Entlebuch area, Switzerland",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dürst Stucki M"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.11.016"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-1471-2334-2-13",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100948). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Smythe\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100948, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A quantitative PCR (TaqMan) assay for pathogenic Leptospira spp",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Smythe"
}
],
"year": 2002,
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2334-2-13"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1161-circulationaha-117-031650",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad015). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Lichtman\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad015, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Sex differences in the presentation and perception of symptoms among young patients with myocardial infarction: evidence from the VIRGO study (variation in recovery: role of gender on outcomes of young AMI patients)",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Lichtman"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1161/circulationaha.117.031650"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1104-pp-106-093096",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/agronomy14102396). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Nomura\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/agronomy14102396, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Roles of brassinosteroids and related mRNAs in pea seed growth and germination",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Nomura"
}
],
"year": 2007,
"doi": "10.1104/pp.106.093096"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1182-blood-2003-11-3959",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008224). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Lu\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008224, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Analysis of T-cell repertoire in hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Lu"
}
],
"year": 2004,
"doi": "10.1182/blood-2003-11-3959"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-1556-4029-13520",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102662). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Alunni\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102662, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Death from butane inhalation abuse in teenagers: two new case studies and review of the literature",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Alunni"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1111/1556-4029.13520"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-agwat-2020-106074",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107100). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Fernández\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107100, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Water use indicators and economic analysis for on-farm irrigation decision: a case study of a super high density olive tree orchard",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Fernández"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106074"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-ece3-3204",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1371/journal.pone.0320768). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"M Filla\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1371/journal.pone.0320768, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Habitat selection by Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is primarily driven by avoidance of human activity during day and prey availability during night",
"authors": [
{
"family": "M Filla"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1002/ece3.3204"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-plipres-2004-09-002",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/ijms25010595). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Akoh\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/ijms25010595, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "GDSL Family of Serine Esterases/Lipases",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Akoh"
}
],
"year": 2004,
"doi": "10.1016/j.plipres.2004.09.002"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s13399-019-00504-3",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1402-4896/ad7a40). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Saha\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1402-4896/ad7a40, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Effect of pyrolysis on basic functional groups of hydrochars",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Saha"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1007/s13399-019-00504-3"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tie-2014-2361486",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/designs7020040). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Strasser\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/designs7020040, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A Review of Architectures and Concepts for Intelligence in Future Electric Energy Systems",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Strasser"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1109/tie.2014.2361486"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1365-294x-2012-05457-x",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/insects14110870). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Zhang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/insects14110870, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Begomovirus-whitefly mutualism is achieved through repression of plant defences by a virus pathogenicity factor",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Zhang"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05457.x"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-acoustics5020035",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.media.2025.103642). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Parker\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.media.2025.103642, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Limitations of curl and directional filters in elastography",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Parker"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"doi": "10.3390/acoustics5020035"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-seppur-2021-119143",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133189). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Santiago\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133189, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Fatty alcohol/water reaction-separation platform to produce propylene carbonate from captured CO2 using a hydrophobic ionic liquid",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Santiago"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119143"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-omcr-omaa118",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102662). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Grigorov\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102662, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Butane-induced acute global myocardial ischemia without coronary artery pathology",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Grigorov"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1093/omcr/omaa118"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tie-2010-2098357",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1109/tie.2020.2972433). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"kim\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1109/tie.2020.2972433, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A high-speed sliding-mode observer for the sensorless speed control of a PMSM",
"authors": [
{
"family": "kim"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"doi": "10.1109/tie.2010.2098357"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-emboj-18-17-4619",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.gmod.2023.101183). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Watson\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.gmod.2023.101183, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Phosphorylase recognition and phosphorolysis of its oligosaccharide substrate: answers to a long outstanding question",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Watson"
}
],
"year": 1999,
"doi": "10.1093/emboj/18.17.4619"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-03057240-2018-1482531",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2019-0104). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Jami PY\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2019-0104, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "An investigation of the divergences and convergences of trait empathy across two cultures",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Jami PY"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1080/03057240.2018.1482531"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-00218464-2016-1237876",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25240). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Hutchinson\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25240, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Overview of disbonding technologies for adhesive bonded joints",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hutchinson"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1080/00218464.2016.1237876"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-cs400862x",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115350). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Yang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115350, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A Self-Promotion Mechanism for Efficient Dehydrogenation of Ethanol Catalyzed by Pincer Ruthenium and Iron Complexes: Aliphatic versus Aromatic Ligands",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Yang"
}
],
"year": 2013,
"doi": "10.1021/cs400862x"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1155-2012-237693",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.psep.2019.02.023). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Lou\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.psep.2019.02.023, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Sludge bulking prediction using principle component regression and artificial neural network",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Lou"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1155/2012/237693"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-352225a0",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.039). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Ashcroft\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.039, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas using carbon dioxide",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ashcroft"
}
],
"year": 1991,
"doi": "10.1038/352225a0"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1103-physrevlett-78-2690",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/ijms25010595). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Jarzynski\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/ijms25010595, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Nonequilibrium Equality for Free Energy Differences",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Jarzynski"
}
],
"year": 1997,
"doi": "10.1103/physrevlett.78.2690"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-physa-2016-02-009",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.physleta.2021.127829). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Nie\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.physleta.2021.127829, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Using mapping entropy to identify node centrality in complex networks",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Nie"
}
],
"year": 2016,
"doi": "10.1016/j.physa.2016.02.009"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ajps-2014-05-005",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110793). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Khadka\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110793, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Pharmaceutical particle technologies: An approach to improve drug solubility, dissolution and bioavailability",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Khadka"
}
],
"year": 2014,
"doi": "10.1016/j.ajps.2014.05.005"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1371-journal-pone-0068158",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1002/jbmr.3714). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Cao\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1002/jbmr.3714, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Congenic mice provide evidence for a genetic locus that modulates spontaneous arthritis caused by deficiency of IL-1RA",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Cao"
}
],
"year": 2013,
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0068158"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1046-j-1365-277x-2001-00299-x",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jand.2019.03.018). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Harrison\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jand.2019.03.018, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "The involvement, understanding and attitudes of dietitians towards research and audit",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Harrison"
}
],
"year": 2001,
"doi": "10.1046/j.1365-277x.2001.00299.x"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-sim-4780111005",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105811). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Cole\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105811, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Smoothing reference centile curves: the LMS method and penalized likelihood",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Cole"
}
],
"year": 1992,
"doi": "10.1002/sim.4780111005"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1136-jnnp-2017-315962",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106553). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Stahl\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106553, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Efficacy of intensive aphasia therapy in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled trial",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Stahl"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1136/jnnp-2017-315962"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-cr078380v",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.091). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Horváth\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.091, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Innovations and green chemistry",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Horváth"
}
],
"year": 2007,
"doi": "10.1021/cr078380v"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0065-2113-07-96007-1",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109079). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Powell\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109079, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Linking soil organisms within food webs to ecosystem functioning and environmental change",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Powell"
}
],
"year": 2007,
"doi": "10.1016/s0065-2113(07)96007-1"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1039-c8cp01557k",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115313). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Swamy\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115313, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Ion pairing in 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium halide ionic liquids studied using NMR and DFT calculations",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Swamy"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1039/c8cp01557k"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1039-d0ta00860e",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229895). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Zhou\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229895, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Combinational modulations of NiSe2 nanodendrites by phase engineering and iron-doping towards an efficient oxygen evolution reaction",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Zhou"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1039/d0ta00860e"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1253-circj-cj-15-1250",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27552). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Wi\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27552, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Transient new-onset atrial fibrillation is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Wi"
}
],
"year": 2016,
"doi": "10.1253/circj.cj-15-1250"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-hemonc-2019-05-003",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/s2352-3026(23)00118-7). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Harif\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/s2352-3026(23)00118-7, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Special report: summary of the first meeting of African Blood and Marrow Transplantation (AfBMT) group, Casablanca, Morocco, April 19-21, 2018 held under the auspices of the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT)",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Harif"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1016/j.hemonc.2019.05.003"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-j100331a058",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.024). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Ghibaudi\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.024, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Kinetics and thermochemistry of the equilibrium 2 C2H2 ↔ C4H4: direct evidence against a chain mechanism",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ghibaudi"
}
],
"year": 1988,
"doi": "10.1021/j100331a058"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-cncr-31357",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.026). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Naqvi\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.026, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Early results of lower dose dasatinib (50 mg daily) as frontline therapy for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Naqvi"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1002/cncr.31357"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-cphy-c140071",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.7759/cureus.12679). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Khundmiri SJ\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.7759/cureus.12679, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "PTH and vitamin D",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Khundmiri SJ"
}
],
"year": 2016,
"doi": "10.1002/cphy.c140071"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1037-a0027433",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101409). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Gunderson\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101409, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "The relation between spatial skill and early number knowledge: The role of the linear number line",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Gunderson"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1037/a0027433"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-69649-pachyderm-v53i-328",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1017/s0959270924000261). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Smit\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1017/s0959270924000261, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Systems approach towards surface water distribution in Kruger National Park, South Africa",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Smit"
}
],
"year": 2013,
"doi": "10.69649/pachyderm.v53i.328"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-nature15393",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1017/s0033291721001410). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Auton\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1017/s0033291721001410, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A global reference for human genetic variation",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Auton"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1038/nature15393"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-14393-bj-v36n1a2020-42441",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/agronomy14102396). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Cardoso\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/agronomy14102396, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Presence of glyphosate can harm the germination of bean seeds treated with biostimulant",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Cardoso"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.14393/bj-v36n1a2020-42441"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-watres-2017-01-001",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.220). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Yang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.220, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Unveiling the transformation and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in contrasting hydrothermal vents using fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Yang"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.001"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3171-2010-5-spine08418",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.11.025). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Cho\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.11.025, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Lumbar disc rehydration postimplantation of a posterior dynamic stabilization system",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Cho"
}
],
"year": 2010,
"doi": "10.3171/2010.5.spine08418"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41393-019-0303-3",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.7759/cureus.90561). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Haider IT\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.7759/cureus.90561, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Open-label clinical trial of alendronate after teriparatide therapy in people with spinal cord injury and low bone mineral density",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Haider IT"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1038/s41393-019-0303-3"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-tpj-12105",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/jee/toac182). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Takagi\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/jee/toac182, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "QTL-seq: rapid mapping of quantitative trait loci in rice by whole genome resequencing of DNA from two bulked populations",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Takagi"
}
],
"year": 2013,
"doi": "10.1111/tpj.12105"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1557-jmr-2016-13",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.047). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Geng\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.047, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Investigation of poly(l-lactic acid)/graphene oxide composites crystallization and nanopore foaming behaviors via supercritical carbon dioxide low temperature foaming",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Geng"
}
],
"year": 2016,
"doi": "10.1557/jmr.2016.13"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1089-jop-2012-0064",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.04.029). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Park\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.04.029, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Factors affecting precipitation of vancomycin and ceftazidime on intravitreal injection",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Park"
}
],
"year": 2013,
"doi": "10.1089/jop.2012.0064"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-sbspro-2012-06-952",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/jehp.jehp_634_19). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Golchai\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/jehp.jehp_634_19, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Computer-based E-teaching (virtual medical teaching) or traditional teaching: A comparison between medical and dentistry students",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Golchai"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.952"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-car-2379",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1080/03323315.2025.2568450). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Bourke A.\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1080/03323315.2025.2568450, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "‘Teachers Matter’: The Impact of Mandatory Reporting on Teacher Education in Ireland",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Bourke A."
}
],
"year": 2016,
"doi": "10.1002/car.2379"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-acs-2870",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/s22062233). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Zhang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/s22062233, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "An improved adaptive dynamic surface control approach for uncertain nonlinear systems",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Zhang"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1002/acs.2870"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1468-0009-2012-00665-x",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.11.012). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Jagosh\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.11.012, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Uncovering the benefits of participatory research: implications of a realist review for health research and practice",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Jagosh"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00665.x"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1515-form-2002-030",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1112/s002557931900024x). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Rudnick Z.\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1112/s002557931900024x, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "The distribution of spacings between fractional parts of lacunary sequences",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Rudnick Z."
}
],
"year": 2002,
"doi": "10.1515/form.2002.030"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1034-j-1600-0536-2000-043005264-x",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103997). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"McFadden\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103997, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Benzalkonium chloride neutralizes the irritant effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate",
"authors": [
{
"family": "McFadden"
}
],
"year": 2000,
"doi": "10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.043005264.x"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-energy-2016-10-126",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.04.035). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Ascione\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.04.035, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Artificial neural networks to predict energy performance and retrofit scenarios for any member of a building category: a novel approach",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ascione"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.126"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-psyneuen-2007-07-001",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.080). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Pervanidou\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.080, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Elevated morning serum interleukin (IL)-6 or evening salivary cortisol concentrations predict posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents six months after a motor vehicle accident",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Pervanidou"
}
],
"year": 2007,
"doi": "10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.07.001"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11538-010-9594-4",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fmars.2022.847061). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Sapsis\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fmars.2022.847061, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Instabilities on Prey Dynamics in Jellyfish Feeding",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Sapsis"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"doi": "10.1007/s11538-010-9594-4"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-mnm-0000000000001264",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/cancers13010094). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Prabhu\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/cancers13010094, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "RET gene mutation analysis and long-term clinical outcomes of medullary thyroid cancer patients",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Prabhu"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1097/mnm.0000000000001264"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-aca-2009-04-051",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105603). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Feng\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105603, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Microfluidic chip: next-generation platform for systems biology",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Feng"
}
],
"year": 2009,
"doi": "10.1016/j.aca.2009.04.051"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s12913-024-10807-5",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2025.08.022). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Moore\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2025.08.022, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Exploring healthcare provider retention in a rural and frontier community in Northern Idaho",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Moore"
}
],
"year": 2024,
"doi": "10.1186/s12913-024-10807-5"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-cts-12570",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131007). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Coussens\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131007, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Assay guidance manual: Quantitative biology and pharmacology in preclinical drug discovery",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Coussens"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1111/cts.12570"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jpba-2006-04-019",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/molecules27186022). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Sun\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/molecules27186022, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of Adefovir in human serum and urine",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Sun"
}
],
"year": 2006,
"doi": "10.1016/j.jpba.2006.04.019"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-icarus-2016-02-009",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.pss.2022.105598). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Sori\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.pss.2022.105598, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Gravitational search for cryptovolcanism on the Moon: evidence for large volumes of early igneous activity",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Sori"
}
],
"year": 2016,
"doi": "10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.009"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1159-000336217",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42853). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Witjes\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42853, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Gallbladder cancer in The Netherlands: incidence, treatment and survival patterns since 1989",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Witjes"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1159/000336217"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-catcom-2011-01-027",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164671). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Hu\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164671, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Preparation of Cu2O/CeO2 heterojunction photocatalyst for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 under visible light irradiation",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hu"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"doi": "10.1016/j.catcom.2011.01.027"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-00004032-200202000-00002",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/jrr/rrac007). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Mück\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/jrr/rrac007, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A consistent radionuclide vector after the Chernobyl accident",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Mück"
}
],
"year": 2002,
"doi": "10.1097/00004032-200202000-00002"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-jqe-2013-2260726",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/s24237598). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Acerbi\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/s24237598, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Fast Active Quenching Circuit for Reducing Avalanche Charge and Afterpulsing in InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diode",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Acerbi"
}
],
"year": 2013,
"doi": "10.1109/jqe.2013.2260726"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-17531-ein-2018-4-3",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1757-899x/1043/3/032053). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Wang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1757-899x/1043/3/032053, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Optimising extended warranty policies following the two-dimensional warranty with repair time threshold",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Wang"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.17531/ein.2018.4.3"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5594-j16412",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/app11020503). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Brydon\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/app11020503, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Saving Bits—The Impact of MCTF Enhanced Noise Reduction",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Brydon"
}
],
"year": 2002,
"doi": "10.5594/j16412"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1152-japplphysiol-00477-2006",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102835). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Del Balso\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102835, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Adaptations in the activation of human skeletal muscle induced by short-term isometric resistance training",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Del Balso"
}
],
"year": 2007,
"doi": "10.1152/japplphysiol.00477.2006"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-56808-3027-7922-1973",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1002/ptr.6422). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Charoenrungruang S.\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1002/ptr.6422, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Gigantol‐induced apoptosis in lung cancer cell through mitochondrial‐dependent pathway",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Charoenrungruang S."
}
],
"year": 2014,
"doi": "10.56808/3027-7922.1973"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-ja305367j",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.05.049). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Wu\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.05.049, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Photoactive chiral metal-organic frameworks for light-driven asymmetric α-alkylation of aldehydes",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Wu"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1021/ja305367j"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41588-019-0349-3",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/jcm8111974). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Xue\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/jcm8111974, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Reconciling disparate estimates of viral genetic diversity during human influenza infections",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Xue"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1038/s41588-019-0349-3"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-biopsych-2019-11-005",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.080). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Sumner\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.080, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Posttraumatic stress disorder and inflammation: untangling issues of bidirectionality",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Sumner"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.11.005"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tca-2012-09-041",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jct.2022.106958). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Leron\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jct.2022.106958, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Solubility of carbon dioxide in a choline chloride-ethylene glycol based deep eutectic solvent",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Leron"
}
],
"year": 2013,
"doi": "10.1016/j.tca.2012.09.041"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1037-sah0000055",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/ppar/prae019). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Rosenkrantz\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/ppar/prae019, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Health and health care of rural sexual and gender minorities: A systematic review",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Rosenkrantz"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1037/sah0000055"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-bf00160154",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/v14122747). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Yang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/v14122747, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetic Estimation from DNA Sequences with Variable Rates over Sites: Approximate Methods",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Yang"
}
],
"year": 1994,
"doi": "10.1007/bf00160154"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1055-s-0043-120570",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.sjopt.2019.03.001). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Voigt\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.sjopt.2019.03.001, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Prevalence and progression rate of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients in correlation with the duration of diabetes",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Voigt"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1055/s-0043-120570"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1155-2022-2405972",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27552). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Wang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27552, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Serum lipopolysaccharide is associated with the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation by increasing systemic inflammation and atrial fibrosis",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Wang"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.1155/2022/2405972"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00268-018-4781-9",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa031). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Van Essen\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa031, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Increasing and retaining African surgeons working in rural hospitals: an analysis of PAACS surgeons with twenty-year program follow-up",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Van Essen"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1007/s00268-018-4781-9"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0140-6736-21-01341-6",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jocn.2025.111194). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Jovin\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jocn.2025.111194, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Thrombectomy for anterior circulation stroke beyond 6 h from time last known well (AURORA): a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Jovin"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01341-6"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-14660466-2019-1688060",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/cs.cs_78_21). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Murtha\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/cs.cs_78_21, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Cultural resources and landscape conservation design and planning",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Murtha"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1080/14660466.2019.1688060"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-engstruct-2022-115477",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114425). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Hao\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114425, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Towards next generation design of sustainable, durable, multi-hazard resistant, resilient, and smart civil engineering structures",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hao"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"doi": "10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115477"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-jcal-12533",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/ejihpe13010006). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Truzoli\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/ejihpe13010006, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "The impact of risk and protective factors on online teaching experience in high school Italian teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Truzoli"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1111/jcal.12533"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-smi-2768",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1371/journal.pone.0253447). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"MJ Fila\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1371/journal.pone.0253447, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Extending knowledge of illegitimate tasks: Student satisfaction, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion",
"authors": [
{
"family": "MJ Fila"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1002/smi.2768"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10661-016-5394-0",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1002/jeq2.20216). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Teh T. L.\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1002/jeq2.20216, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A comparative study of metal contamination in soil using the borehole method",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Teh T. L."
}
],
"year": 2016,
"doi": "10.1007/s10661-016-5394-0"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41598-019-52269-4",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110820). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Hadde\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110820, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "The importance of extensional rheology in bolus control during swallowing",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hadde"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1038/s41598-019-52269-4"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4254-wjh-v13-i11-1743",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/cancers14071684). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Fouad\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/cancers14071684, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Tumor characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma after direct-acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C: Comparative analysis with antiviral therapy-naive patients",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Fouad"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1743"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-es049111e",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1002/etc.5603). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Miller\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1002/etc.5603, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Indirect photolysis promoted by natural and engineered wetland water constituents: Processes leading to alachlor degradation",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Miller"
}
],
"year": 2005,
"doi": "10.1021/es049111e"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-trc-2020-02-006",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.physa.2022.127079). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Li\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.physa.2022.127079, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Urban arterial traffic status detection using cellular data without cellphone GPS information",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Li"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1016/j.trc.2020.02.006"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jmb-2020-07-005",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1523/jneurosci.1162-21.2021). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Li\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1523/jneurosci.1162-21.2021, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Syntaxin clustering and optogenetic control for synaptic membrane fusion",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Li"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.005"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-nature08741",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104921). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Gao\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104921, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Mechanism of substrate recognition and transport by an amino acid antiporter",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Gao"
}
],
"year": 2010,
"doi": "10.1038/nature08741"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11270-015-2517-0",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.091). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Kurnik\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.091, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Removal of phenol from synthetic and industrial wastewater by potato pulp peroxidases, Water, Air",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Kurnik"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1007/s11270-015-2517-0"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11837-017-2303-0",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/met9070772). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Diehl\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/met9070772, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Identifying Structure–Property Relationships Through DREAM.3D Representative Volume Elements and DAMASK Crystal Plasticity Simulations: An Integrated Computational Materials Engineering Approach",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Diehl"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1007/s11837-017-2303-0"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-compositesb-2020-108063",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/c11010016). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Qureshi\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/c11010016, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Nano reinforced cement paste composite with functionalized graphene and pristine graphene nanoplatelets",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Qureshi"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108063"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s43019-020-00083-y",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.06.035). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Goyal\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.06.035, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Outcomes of one-stage reconstruction for chronic multiligament injuries of knee",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Goyal"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1186/s43019-020-00083-y"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-7150-ijbs-7502",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112654). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Rajendran\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112654, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "The vascular endothelium and human diseases",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Rajendran"
}
],
"year": 2013,
"doi": "10.7150/ijbs.7502"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-copbio-2014-12-002",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/microorganisms10061227). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Okshevsky\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/microorganisms10061227, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Extracellular DNA as a target for biofilm control",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Okshevsky"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1016/j.copbio.2014.12.002"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-asmb-1908",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1757-899x/1043/3/032053). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Shafiee\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1757-899x/1043/3/032053, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Optimal upgrade strategy, warranty policy and sale price for second-hand products",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Shafiee"
}
],
"year": 2013,
"doi": "10.1002/asmb.1908"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-iae-0b013e3181bfbdc9",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.04.029). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Javey\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.04.029, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography appearance of preretinal aggregation of intravitreal antibiotics",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Javey"
}
],
"year": 2010,
"doi": "10.1097/iae.0b013e3181bfbdc9"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4049-jimmunol-168-7-3195",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008224). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Dufour\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008224, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10; CXCL10)-deficient mice reveal a role for IP-10 in effector T cell generation and trafficking",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dufour"
}
],
"year": 2002,
"doi": "10.4049/jimmunol.168.7.3195"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-epidem-2019-100356",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.101017). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Thompson\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.101017, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Improved inference of time-varying reproduction numbers during infectious disease outbreaks",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Thompson"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1016/j.epidem.2019.100356"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10529-011-0584-x",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121762). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Wang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121762, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Sustained photo-hydrogen production by Chlorella pyrenoidosa without sulfur depletion",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Wang"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"doi": "10.1007/s10529-011-0584-x"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-marpolbul-2019-02-015",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fenvs.2022.831417). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Haave\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fenvs.2022.831417, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Different Stories Told by Small and Large Microplastics in Sediment - First Report of Microplastic Concentrations in an Urban Recipient in Norway",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Haave"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.015"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jbiomech-2014-07-027",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109836). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Mokhtarzadeh\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109836, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "A comparison of optimisation methods and knee joint degrees of freedom on muscle force predictions during single-leg hop landings",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Mokhtarzadeh"
}
],
"year": 2014,
"doi": "10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.07.027"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1371-journal-pone-0112571",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002066). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"MF Azevedo\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002066, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Plasmodium falciparum Transfected with Ultra Bright NanoLuc Luciferase Offers High Sensitivity Detection for the Screening of Growth and Cellular Trafficking Inhibitors",
"authors": [
{
"family": "MF Azevedo"
}
],
"year": 2014,
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0112571"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-chemosphere-2011-12-011",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115043). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Bennedsen\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115043, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Influence of chloride and carbonates on the reactivity of activated persulfate",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Bennedsen"
}
],
"year": 2012,
"doi": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.011"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1056-nejm199502233320803",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/diagnostics14181999). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Neglia\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/diagnostics14181999, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "The Risk of Cancer among Patients with Cystic Fibrosis",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Neglia"
}
],
"year": 1995,
"doi": "10.1056/nejm199502233320803"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-foodchem-2015-10-051",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120733). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Kamruzzaman\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120733, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Parsimonious model development for real-time monitoring of moisture in red meat using hyperspectral imaging",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Kamruzzaman"
}
],
"year": 2016,
"doi": "10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.051"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s41747-018-0068-z",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.phro.2022.06.010). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Rizzo\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.phro.2022.06.010, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Radiomics: the facts and the challenges of image analysis",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Rizzo"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1186/s41747-018-0068-z"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-molecules26237159",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133189). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Rodrigues\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133189, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Ionic liquids and water: hydrophobicity vs. Hydrophilicity",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Rodrigues"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.3390/molecules26237159"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0016-5107-02-70043-6",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/cancers15041079). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Shimizu\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/cancers15041079, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Long-term outcome after endoscopic mucosal resection in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invading the muscularis mucosae or deeper",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Shimizu"
}
],
"year": 2002,
"doi": "10.1016/s0016-5107(02)70043-6"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-13549839-2018-1474861",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101313). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Mitchell\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101313, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Exploring the relationship between residential segregation and thermal inequity in 20 U.S. cities",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Mitchell"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1080/13549839.2018.1474861"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-08827508-2019-1647840",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/min10030280). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Liu\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/min10030280, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Collector chemistry for bastnaesite flotation—Recent developments",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Liu"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1080/08827508.2019.1647840"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-55544-ijrah-3-2-27",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.70436/nussj.v2i01.29). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Stanikzai\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.70436/nussj.v2i01.29, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Impacts of Da Afghanistan Bank's Monetary Policy on Inflation and Exchange Rate",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Stanikzai"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"doi": "10.55544/ijrah.3.2.27"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1590-1413-81232015209-12602014",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103283). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Pedraza\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103283, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Food frequency questionnaire developed and validated for the Brazilian population: a review of the literature",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Pedraza"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1590/1413-81232015209.12602014"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1617-s11527-014-0441-1",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.097). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Hou\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.097, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Uniaxial tension study of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H): structure, dynamics and mechanical properties",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hou"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1617/s11527-014-0441-1"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1089-jop-2010-0178",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/chromsci/bmac061). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Fukano\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/chromsci/bmac061, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Metabolism and ocular tissue distribution of an antiglaucoma prostanoid, tafluprost, after ocular instillation to monkeys",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Fukano"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"doi": "10.1089/jop.2010.0178"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijbiomac-2020-02-104",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102642). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Toragall\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102642, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Chitosan-oleic acid-sodium alginate a hybrid nanocarrier as an efficient delivery system for enhancement of lutein stability and bioavailability",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Toragall"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.104"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-ccm-0b013e31828e9824",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2025.08.022). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Dharmar\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2025.08.022, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Impact of critical care telemedicine consultations on children in rural emergency departments",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dharmar"
}
],
"year": 2013,
"doi": "10.1097/ccm.0b013e31828e9824"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-cssc-202201575",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.036). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Wang\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.036, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Facile chemical vapor modification strategy to construct surface cyano-rich polymer carbon nitrides for high efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Wang"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.1002/cssc.202201575"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1128-aem-70-7-3948-3953-2004",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/jeb/voaf005). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Hietala\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/jeb/voaf005, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Temporal and spatial profiles of chitinase expression by Norway spruce in response to bark colonization by Heterobasidion annosum",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hietala"
}
],
"year": 2004,
"doi": "10.1128/aem.70.7.3948-3953.2004"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-18335-region-v5i1-160",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/cs.cs_78_21). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Nocca\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/cs.cs_78_21, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Towards an integrated evaluation approach for cultural urban landscape conservation/regeneration",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Nocca"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.18335/region.v5i1.160"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-12968-bjon-2023-32-7-326",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104337). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Brown\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104337, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Blood and blood products transfusion errors: what can we do to improve patient safety?",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Brown"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"doi": "10.12968/bjon.2023.32.7.326"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0210-4806-09-74194-4",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rccot.2022.06.007). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Ruiz-Cerdá José\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rccot.2022.06.007, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Tratamiento quirúrgico de las metástasis del cáncer renal",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ruiz-Cerdá José"
}
],
"year": 2009,
"doi": "10.1016/s0210-4806(09)74194-4"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-jmri-10196",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.11.006). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Shellock\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.11.006, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Magnetic resonance safety update 2002: implants and devices",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Shellock"
}
],
"year": 2002,
"doi": "10.1002/jmri.10196"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1210-clinem-dgz324",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1097/med.0000000000000759). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Shankara-Narayana\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1097/med.0000000000000759, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Rate and extent of recovery from reproductive and cardiac dysfunction due to androgen abuse in men",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Shankara-Narayana"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1210/clinem/dgz324"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0038-0717-90-90094-g",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104122). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Anderson\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104122, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Application of eco-physiological quotients (qCO2 and qD) on microbial biomasses from soils of different cropping histories",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Anderson"
}
],
"year": 1990,
"doi": "10.1016/0038-0717(90)90094-g"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1136-hrt-2009-192302",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad015). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Radovanovic\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad015, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "AMIS Plus: Swiss registry of acute coronary syndrome",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Radovanovic"
}
],
"year": 2010,
"doi": "10.1136/hrt.2009.192302"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-15585-mmwr-su7102a1",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.psc.2024.06.001). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Bitsko\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.psc.2024.06.001, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Mental health surveillance among children — United States, 2013–2019",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Bitsko"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.15585/mmwr.su7102a1"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-25259-sni-513-2020",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1227/neu.0000000000002527). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Hoz\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1227/neu.0000000000002527, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Neurosurgery training in war-torn countries: a perspective from Iraq and Syria",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hoz"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.25259/sni_513_2020"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-jsfa-6177",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100958). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Dermiki\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100958, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Maximising umami taste in meat using natural ingredients: Effects on chemistry, sensory perception and hedonic liking in young and old consumers",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dermiki"
}
],
"year": 2013,
"doi": "10.1002/jsfa.6177"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-07352680590910410",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/agronomy11081535). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Bartels\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/agronomy11081535, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Drought and Salt Tolerance in Plants",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Bartels"
}
],
"year": 2005,
"doi": "10.1080/07352680590910410"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-01621459-1994-10476864",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1371/journal.pone.0235821). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"RF Galbraith\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1371/journal.pone.0235821, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Some Applications of Radial Plots",
"authors": [
{
"family": "RF Galbraith"
}
],
"year": 1994,
"doi": "10.1080/01621459.1994.10476864"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2106-00004623-197052070-00030",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rccot.2022.06.007). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Cohen\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rccot.2022.06.007, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Etiology of simple bone cyst",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Cohen"
}
],
"year": 1970,
"doi": "10.2106/00004623-197052070-00030"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-soru-12089",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "crossref-reference",
"description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/buildings13102553). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; author \"Bosworth\" corroborated in the resolved authors; year within ±2. The title was NOT used in construction — its match is left for the verifier.",
"source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/buildings13102553, drawn 2026-05-25; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20260525)",
"claimed": {
"title": "Empowering Local Action through Neo-Endogenous Development; The Case of LEADER in England",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Bosworth"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1111/soru.12089"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-32524668",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 32524668; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1111/and.13702; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Application of erythrocyte lysing buffer (ELB) has detrimental effects on human sperm quality parameters, DNA fragmentation and chromatin structure",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Yazdinejad"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"pmid": "32524668"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-40819881",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 40819881; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301307; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Evidence of differences in diurnal electrodermal, temperature and heart rate patterns by mental health status in free-living data",
"authors": [
{
"family": "McDuff"
}
],
"year": 2025,
"pmid": "40819881"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-36845191",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 36845191; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1108340; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Comparative analysis of the cardiomyocyte differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from human atrial or ventricular fibroblasts",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Wang"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"pmid": "36845191"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-40414526",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 40414526; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.ejmg.2025.105019; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "RHOA-associated disorder can be non-mosaic",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Nakato"
}
],
"year": 2025,
"pmid": "40414526"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-38440736",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 38440736; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341180; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Functions of mucosal associated invariant T cells in eye diseases",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Fukui"
}
],
"year": 2024,
"pmid": "38440736"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-37468818",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 37468818; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1038/d41586-023-02362-6; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Disrupting snail food-chain curbs parasitic disease in Senegal",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Thompson"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"pmid": "37468818"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-39366799",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 39366799; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.cpet.2024.09.011; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Innovations and Future Directions in Brain PET Imaging: Pioneering a New Era in Personalized Medicine",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Guedj"
}
],
"year": 2025,
"pmid": "39366799"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-38311209",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 38311209; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.01.007; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Reply to the Letter to the Editor “Importance of pain management in cancer patients and survivors” by K. Bhatt et al.",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Di Maio"
}
],
"year": 2024,
"pmid": "38311209"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-38604518",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 38604518; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141946; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Identification of hazardous organic compounds in e-waste plastic using non-target and suspect screening approaches",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Castro"
}
],
"year": 2024,
"pmid": "38604518"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-37735034",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 37735034; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.surg.2023.08.013; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "External validation of a nomogram predicting conditional survival after tri-modality treatment of esophageal cancer",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Schuring"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"pmid": "37735034"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-36864591",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 36864591; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1093/bib/bbad074; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "iATMEcell: identification of abnormal tumor microenvironment cells to predict the clinical outcomes in cancer based on cell–cell crosstalk network",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Sheng"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"pmid": "36864591"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmid-blind-32628556",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed title+author are CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the MEDLINE title). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 32628556; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1080/10400435.2020.1791278; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Manufacturing an assistive device with 3D printing technology – a case report",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Degerli"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"pmid": "32628556"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC7313697",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC7313697; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/s20113312; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Marker-Based Movement Analysis of Human Body Parts in Therapeutic Procedure",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Khan"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"pmcid": "PMC7313697"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC12358523",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC12358523; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-15344-7; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Discrete event simulation and agent-based modelling of distributed situation awareness in patient flow management",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Alhaider"
}
],
"year": 2025,
"pmcid": "PMC12358523"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10006124",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC10006124; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.21037/qims-22-589; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "A novel standardized approach for the 3D evaluation of upper eyelid area and volume",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Guo"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"pmcid": "PMC10006124"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC12153354",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC12153354; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1128/mbio.00994-25; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "TcCARP3 modulates compartmentalized cAMP signals involved in osmoregulation, infection of mammalian cells, and colonization of the triatomine vector in the human pathogen\n Trypanosoma cruzi",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Carlson"
}
],
"year": 2025,
"pmcid": "PMC12153354"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11059832",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC11059832; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1177/02692155241231929; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Towards a core outcome set for dysarthria after stroke: What should we measure?",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Mitchell"
}
],
"year": 2024,
"pmcid": "PMC11059832"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10376213",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC10376213; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/antiox12071451; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "24-Epibrassinolide Facilitates Adventitious Root Formation by Coordinating Cell-Wall Polyamine Oxidase- and Plasma Membrane Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologue-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Capsicum annuum L.",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Wen"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"pmcid": "PMC10376213"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11488214",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC11488214; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1474957; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Exploring genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in Brucella melitensis strains of human and animal origin from India",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ayoub"
}
],
"year": 2024,
"pmcid": "PMC11488214"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
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{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10857455",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC10857455; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/plants13030448; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Screening of Sugarcane Proteins Associated with Defense against Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, Agent of Ratoon Stunting Disease",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Zhang"
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"year": 2024,
"pmcid": "PMC10857455"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
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{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11054273",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC11054273; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/vaccines12040393; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Tunisian Healthy under-Five Children during a Three-Year Survey Period (2020 to 2022)",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ben Ayed"
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"year": 2024,
"pmcid": "PMC11054273"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10546210",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC10546210; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3389/fgene.2023.1233338; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Personalizing medicine in Africa: current state, progress and challenges",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Owolabi"
}
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"pmcid": "PMC10546210"
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"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10025079",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC10025079; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1002/ece3.9900; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Historic and contemporary biogeographic perspectives on range‐wide spatial genetic structure in a widespread seagrass",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Sinclair"
}
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"year": 2023,
"pmcid": "PMC10025079"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC8720369",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the PMC title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC8720369; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1245/s10434-021-11227-z; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Editorial: Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Breast Cancer Treatment and Patient Experience",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dietz"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"pmcid": "PMC8720369"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-2003.12457",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 2003.12457 (primary q-bio.PE); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1142/s0129183120501120; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "How macroscopic laws describe complex dynamics: Asymptomatic population and Covid-19 spreading",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Lanteri"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"arxiv": "2003.12457"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1809.00091",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 1809.00091 (primary math.NA); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.physa.2019.122057; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Generalized Ait-Sahalia-type interest rate model with Poisson jumps and convergence of the numerical approximation",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Deng"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"arxiv": "1809.00091"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-2001.03520",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 2001.03520 (primary quant-ph); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1088/1367-2630/ab8677; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Preparation of ordered states in ultra-cold gases using Bayesian optimization",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Mukherjee"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"arxiv": "2001.03520"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1804.00816",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 1804.00816 (primary astro-ph.CO); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1093/mnras/stz393; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Classifying the large-scale structure of the universe with deep neural networks",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Aragon-Calvo"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"arxiv": "1804.00816"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-2009.07795",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 2009.07795 (primary hep-ph); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1103/physrevlett.126.132001; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Coupled-Channel Interpretation of the LHCb Double-\nJ/ψ\n Spectrum and Hints of a New State Near the \nJ/ψJ/ψ\n Threshold",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dong"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"arxiv": "2009.07795"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1904.05094",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 1904.05094 (primary hep-ph); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134814; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "High-energy bremsstrahlung on atoms in a laser field",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Krachkov"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"arxiv": "1904.05094"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1910.10975",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 1910.10975 (primary astro-ph.GA); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1093/mnras/stz2564; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "More connected, more active: galaxy clusters and groups at z ∼ 1 and the connection between their quiescent galaxy fractions and large-scale environments",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Lee"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"arxiv": "1910.10975"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-2005.10293",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 2005.10293 (primary hep-th); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/jhep07(2020)211; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Predictions of quantum gravity in inflationary cosmology: effects of the Weyl-squared term",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Anselmi"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"arxiv": "2005.10293"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1904.03658",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 1904.03658 (primary cond-mat.supr-con); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1088/0256-307x/37/1/017403; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Superconductivity, Pair Density Wave, and Néel Order in Cuprates*",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Chen"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"arxiv": "1904.03658"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1809.08670",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 1809.08670 (primary astro-ph.SR); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/aad9f6; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "The Umbra–Penumbra Area Ratio of Sunspots During the Maunder Minimum",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Carrasco"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"arxiv": "1809.08670"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-2006.11552",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 2006.11552 (primary gr-qc); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1103/physrevd.102.044051; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Special case of the Bañados-Silk-West effect",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Zaslavskii"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"arxiv": "2006.11552"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-arxiv-blind-1801.09202",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "arxiv",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation. Identifier = arXiv ID (verifier resolves via the arXiv adapter → the LaTeX/markup preprint title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (published journal version, distinct from the preprint title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: arXiv↔DOI linked (), author+year corroborate (±3); title not compared.",
"source": "arXiv API random (category, day) draw; 1801.09202 (primary hep-ph); claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1103/physrevc.97.054313; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Nucleon properties in the Polyakov quark-meson model",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Li"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"arxiv": "1801.09202"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2015EPJC...75..265Z",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2015EPJC...75..265Z; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3496-4; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Evolution of axially symmetric anisotropic sources in f(R, T) gravity",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Zubair"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"ads": "2015EPJC...75..265Z"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2023CosRe..61..290K",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2023CosRe..61..290K; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1134/s0010952523700326; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Time Series of Space Observations: Analysis of Local Meteorological and Solar Series",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Kurbasova"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"ads": "2023CosRe..61..290K"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2020Ap&SS.365...38A",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2020Ap&SS.365...38A; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s10509-020-03750-4; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Overview and comparison of approaches towards the planar restricted five-body problem with primaries forming an axisymmetric four-body central configuration",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Alvarez-Ramírez"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"ads": "2020Ap&SS.365...38A"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2023MNRAS.521.4775P",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2023MNRAS.521.4775P; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1093/mnras/stad859; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "HIP 67506 C: MagAO-X confirmation of a new low-mass stellar companion to HIP 67506 A",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Pearce"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"ads": "2023MNRAS.521.4775P"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2021PhRvD.103d5002C",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2021PhRvD.103d5002C; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1103/physrevd.103.045002; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Loop-level double-copy for massive quantum particles",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Carrasco"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"ads": "2021PhRvD.103d5002C"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2020JGeod..94...64X",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2020JGeod..94...64X; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s00190-020-01394-4; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Orbit and clock analysis of BDS-3 satellites using inter-satellite link observations",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Xie"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"ads": "2020JGeod..94...64X"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2021ESD....12.1057M",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2021ESD....12.1057M; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.5194/esd-12-1057-2021; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "ESD Ideas: A weak positive feedback between sea level and the planetary albedo",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Marzeion"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"ads": "2021ESD....12.1057M"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2021GeoRL..4890769X",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2021GeoRL..4890769X; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1029/2020gl090769; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Helium and Argon Partitioning Between Liquid Iron and Silicate Melt at High Pressure",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Xiong"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"ads": "2021GeoRL..4890769X"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2021ChEG...81l5689S",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2021ChEG...81l5689S; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125689; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Geochemical characterization of the Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.98-1.97) Darguwan-Surajpura mafic sills within the Bijawar basin, North-Central India: Genetic aspects and geodynamic implications",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Singh"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"ads": "2021ChEG...81l5689S"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2020NJPh...22i3073G",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2020NJPh...22i3073G; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1088/1367-2630/abb43c; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Testing generalised uncertainty principles through quantum noise",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Girdhar"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"ads": "2020NJPh...22i3073G"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2020Ge&Ae..59..898Z",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2020Ge&Ae..59..898Z; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1134/s0016793219070284; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Gyrosynchrotron Model of Microwave Sources Associated with the Magnetic Field Neutral Line",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Zaitsev"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"ads": "2020Ge&Ae..59..898Z"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-ads-blind-2019JAI.....850012A",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "ads",
"claimed_source": "crossref",
"description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with // markup); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from the work's Crossref record (publisher-formatted, distinct from the ADS title). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2019JAI.....850012A; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1142/s2251171719500120; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Interferometric Fringe Visibility Null as a Function of Spatial Frequency: A Probe of Stellar Atmospheres",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Armstrong"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"ads": "2019JAI.....850012A"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9783319282749",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9783319282749; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient: 3. Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanotechnology",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Gustav Steinhoff"
}
],
"year": 2016,
"isbn": "9783319282749"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780816053537",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780816053537; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Career Coach: Managing Your Career in the Sports Industry",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Shelly Field"
}
],
"year": 2008,
"isbn": "9780816053537"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780333003558",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780333003558; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Pattern and Power of Mathematics: [a Modern Course to Ordinary Level]",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Arthur John Moakes"
}
],
"year": 1967,
"isbn": "9780333003558"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9783486705478",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9783486705478; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Festkörperphysik",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Siegfried Hunklinger"
}
],
"year": 2011,
"isbn": "9783486705478"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781351076968",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781351076968; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Structure and Properties of Cell Membranes: A survey of molecular aspects of membrane structure and function",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Gheorghe Benga"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"isbn": "9781351076968"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781736885239",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781736885239; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Lighton and Lightan Particles Are the Interconnection of Universal Energy: The Interconnectivity of Micro-Subatomic Electromagnetism to Universal Gravity",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Daniel Gowen"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"isbn": "9781736885239"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781134006830",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781134006830; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Applied Hydrodynamics: An Introduction to Ideal and Real Fluid Flows",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hubert Chanson"
}
],
"year": 2009,
"isbn": "9781134006830"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780721606644",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780721606644; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Step-By-Step Medical Coding",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Carol J. Buck"
}
],
"year": 2003,
"isbn": "9780721606644"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781599612966",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781599612966; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "A New Friend",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Brian K. Vaughan"
}
],
"year": 2007,
"isbn": "9781599612966"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780072420913",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780072420913; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Wellness: Concepts and Applications with HealthQuest 2.0",
"authors": [
{
"family": "David J. Anspaugh"
}
],
"year": 2000,
"isbn": "9780072420913"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9789580435594",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9789580435594; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "El libro de la selva",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Rudyard Kipling"
}
],
"year": 1997,
"isbn": "9789580435594"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-isbn-blind-9783031767852",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
"claimed_source": "googlebooks",
"description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
"source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9783031767852; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Advanced Computing in Industrial Mathematics: 17th Annual Meeting of the Bulgarian Section of Siam, December 20-22, 2022, Sofia, Bulgaria, Revised Selected Papers",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ivan Georgiev"
}
],
"year": 2025,
"isbn": "9783031767852"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "frame-drawn"
},
{
"id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-272089",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "who-iris",
"description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
"source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/272089; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.16.179556; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Evaluation of a social franchising and telemedicine programme and the care provided for childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia, Bihar, India",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Mohanan, Manoj"
}
],
"whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272089"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "whoiris-bulk-trivial"
},
{
"id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271234",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "who-iris",
"description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
"source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271234; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.12.109124; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Monitoring antimalarial drug resistance in India via sentinel sites: outcomes and risk factors for treatment failure, 2009–2010",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Mishra, Neelima"
}
],
"whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271234"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "whoiris-bulk-trivial"
},
{
"id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271051",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "who-iris",
"description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
"source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271051; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.11.098285; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Effective aid in a complex environment",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hill, Peter S"
}
],
"whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271051"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "whoiris-bulk-trivial"
},
{
"id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271204",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "who-iris",
"description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
"source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271204; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.12.112433; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Stockpiling oral cholera vaccine",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Martin, Stephen"
}
],
"whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271204"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "whoiris-bulk-trivial"
},
{
"id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-272103",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "who-iris",
"description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
"source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/272103; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.16.174912; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Capacity-building for a strong public health nutrition workforce in low-resource countries",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Delisle, Hélène"
}
],
"whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272103"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "whoiris-bulk-trivial"
},
{
"id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-376446",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "who-iris",
"description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
"source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/376446; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.24.291654; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Three decades of progress and setbacks since the first international conference on population and development",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Narasimhan, Manjulaa"
}
],
"whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/376446"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "whoiris-bulk-trivial"
},
{
"id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270346",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "who-iris",
"description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
"source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/270346; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.07.050005; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Community-based infant hearing screening for early detection of permanent hearing loss in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Olusanya, BO"
}
],
"whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/270346"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "whoiris-bulk-trivial"
},
{
"id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-384598",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "who-iris",
"description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
"source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/384598; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.25.293828; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Bridging the diagnostic gap in diabetes",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hemmingsen, Bianca"
}
],
"whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/384598"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "whoiris-bulk-trivial"
},
{
"id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270374",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "who-iris",
"description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
"source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/270374; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.08.059519; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "School health, nutrition and education for all: levelling the playing field",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Blössner, Monika"
}
],
"whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/270374"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "whoiris-bulk-trivial"
},
{
"id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-326934",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "who-iris",
"description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
"source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/326934; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.19.240440; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260525",
"claimed": {
"title": "Ethiopia’s quest to champion emergency care systems",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hagos, Amir Aman"
}
],
"whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/326934"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "whoiris-bulk-trivial"
},
{
"id": "stress-subtitle-10-2106-jbjs-18-00773",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "structured-subtitle",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation joining the work's title + subtitle (\"…: …\"); Crossref stores them separately (A2 recombination). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.2106/jbjs.18.00773; Crossref title+subtitle joined as a citer would, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Postoperative Mobilization After Superior Rotator Cuff Repair: Sling Versus No Sling: A Randomized Prospective Study",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Tirefort"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.2106/jbjs.18.00773"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-subtitle-10-1007-s00350-016-4224-2",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "structured-subtitle",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation joining the work's title + subtitle (\"…: …\"); Crossref stores them separately (A2 recombination). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00350-016-4224-2; Crossref title+subtitle joined as a citer would, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Zur Einwilligungsfähigkeit bei schmerzbeeinträchtigten Patienten: – zugleich Besprechung von OLG Koblenz, Urt. v. 1.10.2014 – 5 U 463/14 –, MedR 2015, 422",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Genske"
}
],
"year": 2016,
"doi": "10.1007/s00350-016-4224-2"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-subtitle-10-1055-a-1044-0071",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "structured-subtitle",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation joining the work's title + subtitle (\"…: …\"); Crossref stores them separately (A2 recombination). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1055/a-1044-0071; Crossref title+subtitle joined as a citer would, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Malignes Melanom: Im Stadium IIIB/C sind Frührezidive häufig",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Krome"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1055/a-1044-0071"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-subtitle-10-1108-jaee-03-2014-0018",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "structured-subtitle",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation joining the work's title + subtitle (\"…: …\"); Crossref stores them separately (A2 recombination). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1108/jaee-03-2014-0018; Crossref title+subtitle joined as a citer would, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "New public management and budgeting practices in Tanzanian Central Government: “Struggling for conformance”",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Goddard"
}
],
"year": 2016,
"doi": "10.1108/jaee-03-2014-0018"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-subtitle-10-3130-aijt-24-385",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "structured-subtitle",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation joining the work's title + subtitle (\"…: …\"); Crossref stores them separately (A2 recombination). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.3130/aijt.24.385; Crossref title+subtitle joined as a citer would, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "A STUDY ON DELIVERY SHOP SERVICE BY A GROUP OF SHOPPING GOODS ORIENTED SHOP OWNERS IN A PROVINCIAL CITY: – A case of Yokamon-Shotengai’s project in Omuta city –",
"authors": [
{
"family": "HATTORI"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.3130/aijt.24.385"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-markup-10-1093-jme-tjad012",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "markup",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a title carrying source markup (… / MathML) as the registry stores it. Expect matched (markup normalization).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1093/jme/tjad012; Crossref title retains markup, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "The Impact of Diet and Photoperiodism on the Life History ofThanatophilus sinuatus(Coleoptera: Silphidae)",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Qubaiová"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"doi": "10.1093/jme/tjad012"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-markup-10-30687-el-2420-823x-2019-06-007",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "markup",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a title carrying source markup (… / MathML) as the registry stores it. Expect matched (markup normalization).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.30687/el/2420-823x/2019/06/007; Crossref title retains markup, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Salvaging Patriarchy in the 2018 Film Adaptation of Tomb Raider",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Nae"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.30687/el/2420-823x/2019/06/007"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-markup-10-1080-2162402x-2016-1219007",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "markup",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a title carrying source markup (… / MathML) as the registry stores it. Expect matched (markup normalization).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1219007; Crossref title retains markup, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Highly efficient IL-21 and feeder cell-driven ex vivo expansion of human NK cells with therapeutic activity in a xenograft mouse model of melanoma",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Granzin"
}
],
"year": 2016,
"doi": "10.1080/2162402x.2016.1219007"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-markup-10-1016-j-physletb-2019-07-020",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "markup",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a title carrying source markup (… / MathML) as the registry stores it. Expect matched (markup normalization).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.physletb.2019.07.020; Crossref title retains markup, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Measurement of jet radial profiles in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Acharya"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1016/j.physletb.2019.07.020"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-markup-10-7567-apex-11-043002",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "markup",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a title carrying source markup (… / MathML) as the registry stores it. Expect matched (markup normalization).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.7567/apex.11.043002; Crossref title retains markup, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Phonon-bottlenecked spin relaxation of Er3+:Y2SiO5at sub-kelvin temperatures",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Budoyo"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.7567/apex.11.043002"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-nonlatin-10-1134-s0132342319010196",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "non-latin",
"known_hard": true,
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a non-Latin-script title (weaker character-level similarity; §8 known-hard). Expect matched; reported in the known-hard subset.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1134/s0132342319010196; non-Latin Crossref title cited verbatim, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Получение гибридом, продуцирующих моноклональные антитела к белку NS1 вируса Зика",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ветчинин"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1134/s0132342319010196"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "stressor-known-hard"
},
{
"id": "stress-nonlatin-10-1163-22141332-11010007-04",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "non-latin",
"known_hard": true,
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a non-Latin-script title (weaker character-level similarity; §8 known-hard). Expect matched; reported in the known-hard subset.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1163/22141332-11010007-04; non-Latin Crossref title cited verbatim, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Maruose de wenxue shijie = 馬若瑟的文學世界= The Literary World of Joseph de Prémare, written by Sher-shiueh Li 李奭學",
"authors": [
{
"family": "McManus"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"doi": "10.1163/22141332-11010007-04"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "stressor-known-hard"
},
{
"id": "stress-nonlatin-10-30906-0023-1134-2021-55-3-28-33",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "non-latin",
"known_hard": true,
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a non-Latin-script title (weaker character-level similarity; §8 known-hard). Expect matched; reported in the known-hard subset.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.30906/0023-1134-2021-55-3-28-33; non-Latin Crossref title cited verbatim, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Эстрогеноподобные вещества надземной части <i>Ferula tschimganica</i>",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Маматханов"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.30906/0023-1134-2021-55-3-28-33"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "stressor-known-hard"
},
{
"id": "stress-nonlatin-10-26549-jxffcxysj-v4i9-7285",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "non-latin",
"known_hard": true,
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a non-Latin-script title (weaker character-level similarity; §8 known-hard). Expect matched; reported in the known-hard subset.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.26549/jxffcxysj.v4i9.7285; non-Latin Crossref title cited verbatim, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "高校网络舆情事件的应对对策与启示",
"authors": [
{
"family": "游"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.26549/jxffcxysj.v4i9.7285"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "stressor-known-hard"
},
{
"id": "stress-nonlatin-10-22141-2224-0721-16-3-2020-205280",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "non-latin",
"known_hard": true,
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a non-Latin-script title (weaker character-level similarity; §8 known-hard). Expect matched; reported in the known-hard subset.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.22141/2224-0721.16.3.2020.205280; non-Latin Crossref title cited verbatim, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Аллергические реакции у больных сахарным диабетом 1-го типа (обзор литературы и собственные исследования)",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Kaspruk"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.22141/2224-0721.16.3.2020.205280"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "stressor-known-hard"
},
{
"id": "stress-collective-33069326",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "pubmed-collective",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a consortium-authored paper via its PMID, cited by the collaboration name; the PMID record tags a CollectiveName (A3 → literal). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real PMID 33069326; collective author \"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators\" from the NLM record, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019",
"authors": [
{
"family": "GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"pmid": "33069326"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-collective-30415748",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "pubmed-collective",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a consortium-authored paper via its PMID, cited by the collaboration name; the PMID record tags a CollectiveName (A3 → literal). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real PMID 30415748; collective author \"GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators\" from the NLM record, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017",
"authors": [
{
"family": "GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"pmid": "30415748"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-collective-28304224",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "pubmed-collective",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a consortium-authored paper via its PMID, cited by the collaboration name; the PMID record tags a CollectiveName (A3 → literal). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real PMID 28304224; collective author \"FOURIER Steering Committee and Investigators\" from the NLM record, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease",
"authors": [
{
"family": "FOURIER Steering Committee and Investigators"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"pmid": "28304224"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-collective-31091374",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "pubmed-collective",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a consortium-authored paper via its PMID, cited by the collaboration name; the PMID record tags a CollectiveName (A3 → literal). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real PMID 31091374; collective author \"SOLAR-1 Study Group\" from the NLM record, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Alpelisib for PIK3CA-Mutated, Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer",
"authors": [
{
"family": "SOLAR-1 Study Group"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"pmid": "31091374"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-collective-33264556",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "pubmed-collective",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a consortium-authored paper via its PMID, cited by the collaboration name; the PMID record tags a CollectiveName (A3 → literal). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real PMID 33264556; collective author \"WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium\" from the NLM record, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 - Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results",
"authors": [
{
"family": "WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"pmid": "33264556"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-collective-32227755",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "pubmed-collective",
"source_of_truth": "pubmed",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation of a consortium-authored paper via its PMID, cited by the collaboration name; the PMID record tags a CollectiveName (A3 → literal). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real PMID 32227755; collective author \"ISCHEMIA Research Group\" from the NLM record, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease",
"authors": [
{
"family": "ISCHEMIA Research Group"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"pmid": "32227755"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-grouponly-10-1016-s0140-6736-20-30752-2",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "group-author-only",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation by the consortium name (\"GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators\"), but Crossref stores only individuals (group absent) → A4: matched/high + group-unverified caveat. Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30752-2; Crossref lists 940 individuals; cited by the collaboration name, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019",
"authors": [
{
"family": "GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30752-2"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-grouponly-10-1016-s0140-6736-18-32335-3",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "group-author-only",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation by the consortium name (\"GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators\"), but Crossref stores only individuals (group absent) → A4: matched/high + group-unverified caveat. Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32335-3; Crossref lists 980 individuals; cited by the collaboration name, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017",
"authors": [
{
"family": "GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32335-3"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-grouponly-10-1016-s0140-6736-17-32154-2",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "group-author-only",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation by the consortium name (\"GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators\"), but Crossref stores only individuals (group absent) → A4: matched/high + group-unverified caveat. Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32154-2; Crossref lists 727 individuals; cited by the collaboration name, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016",
"authors": [
{
"family": "GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32154-2"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-grouponly-10-1016-s0140-6736-18-32279-7",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "group-author-only",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation by the consortium name (\"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators\"), but Crossref stores only individuals (group absent) → A4: matched/high + group-unverified caveat. Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32279-7; Crossref lists 990 individuals; cited by the collaboration name, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017",
"authors": [
{
"family": "GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32279-7"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-groupintitle-10-1056-nejmoa1615664",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "group-in-title",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation whose claimed title carries a leading collaboration affix (\"FOURIER Steering Committee and Investigators.\") absent from the canonical Crossref title (A1 strip). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1615664; group affix prepended to the Crossref title as citers write it, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "FOURIER Steering Committee and Investigators. Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Sabatine"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1056/nejmoa1615664"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-groupintitle-10-1056-nejmoa1813904",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "group-in-title",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation whose claimed title carries a leading collaboration affix (\"on behalf of the SOLAR-1 Study Group.\") absent from the canonical Crossref title (A1 strip). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1813904; group affix prepended to the Crossref title as citers write it, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "on behalf of the SOLAR-1 Study Group. Alpelisib for\n PIK3CA\n -Mutated, Hormone Receptor–Positive Advanced Breast Cancer",
"authors": [
{
"family": "André"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1056/nejmoa1813904"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-groupintitle-10-1056-nejmoa1511939",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "group-in-title",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation whose claimed title carries a leading collaboration affix (\"The SPRINT Research Group.\") absent from the canonical Crossref title (A1 strip). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1511939; group affix prepended to the Crossref title as citers write it, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "The SPRINT Research Group. A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control",
"authors": [
{
"family": "The SPRINT Research Group"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1056/nejmoa1511939"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-groupintitle-10-1056-nejmoa1915922",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "group-in-title",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation whose claimed title carries a leading collaboration affix (\"ISCHEMIA Research Group.\") absent from the canonical Crossref title (A1 strip). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1915922; group affix prepended to the Crossref title as citers write it, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "ISCHEMIA Research Group. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Maron"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1056/nejmoa1915922"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-groupintitle-10-1056-nejmoa1911303",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "group-in-title",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Correct citation whose claimed title carries a leading collaboration affix (\"on behalf of the DAPA-HF Committees and Investigators.\") absent from the canonical Crossref title (A1 strip). Expect matched.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1911303; group affix prepended to the Crossref title as citers write it, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "on behalf of the DAPA-HF Committees and Investigators. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction",
"authors": [
{
"family": "McMurray"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1056/nejmoa1911303"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-preprint-10-1103-physrevb-98-075301",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "preprint-journal",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "arxiv",
"description": "Preprint↔journal: the arXiv preprint title claimed against the published DOI (same work; resolves via Crossref → the published title may differ). Expect matched.",
"source": "arXiv preprint title for published DOI 10.1103/physrevb.98.075301 (cat cond-mat.supr-con), 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Enhanced Specular Andreev reflection in bilayer graphene",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Soori"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1103/physrevb.98.075301"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-preprint-10-1109-tasc-2018-2803123",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "preprint-journal",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "arxiv",
"description": "Preprint↔journal: the arXiv preprint title claimed against the published DOI (same work; resolves via Crossref → the published title may differ). Expect matched.",
"source": "arXiv preprint title for published DOI 10.1109/tasc.2018.2803123 (cat cond-mat.supr-con), 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Charge-based superconducting digital logic family using quantum phase-slip junctions",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Goteti"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1109/tasc.2018.2803123"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "stress-preprint-10-1103-physrevb-97-045119",
"arm": "clean",
"attack_type": null,
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"stressor_class": "preprint-journal",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "arxiv",
"description": "Preprint↔journal: the arXiv preprint title claimed against the published DOI (same work; resolves via Crossref → the published title may differ). Expect matched.",
"source": "arXiv preprint title for published DOI 10.1103/physrevb.97.045119 (cat cond-mat.supr-con), 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Sequential structural and antiferromagnetic transitions in BaFe$_2$Se$_3$ under pressure",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Zhang"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1103/physrevb.97.045119"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "stressor"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-parkreldis-2015-09-042",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.042 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "A multi-scale finite-element framework for fatigue crack propagation in additively manufactured titanium alloys",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Loane"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.042"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-diamond-2021-108307",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108307 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Gut microbiome diversity predicts immunotherapy response in stage III melanoma: a prospective cohort",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Siatkowska"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108307"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-3103-s1068799821040164",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.3103/s1068799821040164 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Quantum error mitigation via zero-noise extrapolation on superconducting transmon arrays",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Egorov"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.3103/s1068799821040164"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1002-ps-7894",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1002/ps.7894 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Socioeconomic determinants of vaccine hesitancy in peri-urban sub-Saharan communities",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Aparecido"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"doi": "10.1002/ps.7894"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1186-s12870-018-1470-7",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1186/s12870-018-1470-7 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Attention-gated graph neural networks for ligand–protein binding-affinity prediction",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hu"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1186/s12870-018-1470-7"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1038-nrurol-2015-168",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1038/nrurol.2015.168 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Sea-level-rise projections for low-lying Pacific atolls under SSP5-8.5 scenarios",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Minton"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1038/nrurol.2015.168"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s13137-021-00193-z",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s13137-021-00193-z sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "A randomized trial of intermittent fasting versus caloric restriction in type 2 diabetes",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Rehman"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"doi": "10.1007/s13137-021-00193-z"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1371-journal-pone-0124708",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0124708 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Topological edge states in two-dimensional photonic crystals with broken inversion symmetry",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Liao-Chan"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0124708"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s41365-017-0319-3",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s41365-017-0319-3 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Long-term effects of early-childhood bilingual education on executive function",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Saad"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1007/s41365-017-0319-3"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1017-s0004972717000533",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1017/s0004972717000533 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "CRISPR-Cas13 knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis",
"authors": [
{
"family": "JUNG"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1017/s0004972717000533"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s40319-018-0764-5",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s40319-018-0764-5 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Reinforcement learning for adaptive traffic-signal control in heterogeneous urban networks",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Cuonzo"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.1007/s40319-018-0764-5"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-3389-fmed-2020-00147",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.3389/fmed.2020.00147 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Paleoclimate reconstruction from speleothem oxygen isotopes in the East Asian monsoon region",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Forti"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.3389/fmed.2020.00147"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-14815-kjdm-2015-42-2-107",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.14815/kjdm.2015.42.2.107 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "A meta-analysis of mindfulness-based interventions for chronic lower-back pain",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Kang"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.14815/kjdm.2015.42.2.107"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-14201-orl-21428",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.14201/orl.21428 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Scalable Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus for permissioned blockchain networks",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Delgado-Gómez"
}
],
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.14201/orl.21428"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-jclepro-2017-07-051",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.051 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Microplastic accumulation in deep-sea sediments of the Mariana Trench",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Benvenutti"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.051"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-prosdent-2016-07-010",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.07.010 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title hand-authored for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Single-cell transcriptomics reveals fibroblast heterogeneity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Sheets"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.07.010"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1590-1981-81222017000100003",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Dai\"; real authors include \"Schneider\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1590/1981.81222017000100003 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Tempo e Espaço Guarani: um estudo acerca da ocupação, cronologia e dinâmica de movimentação pré-colonial na Bacia do Rio Taquari/Antas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dai"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1590/1981.81222017000100003"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-athoracsur-2020-07-031",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Freschi\"; real authors include \"Mutsuga\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.07.031 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Surgery for Anomalous Papillary Muscle Directly Into the Anterior Mitral Leaflet",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Freschi"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.07.031"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1007-s11910-020-01042-6",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Lees\"; real authors include \"Liu\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s11910-020-01042-6 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Novel Therapies for Glioblastoma",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Lees"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1007/s11910-020-01042-6"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1063-5-0050962",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Ma\"; real authors include \"Seetharaman\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1063/5.0050962 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Vortex dynamics of veno-arterial extracorporeal circulation: A computational fluid dynamics study",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ma"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1063/5.0050962"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-procs-2021-01-364",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Fattore\"; real authors include \"Gallo\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.364 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Industry 4.0 and human factor: How is technology changing the role of the maintenance operator?",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Fattore"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.364"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-3389-fnagi-2017-00011",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Dai\"; real authors include \"Fountain-Zaragoza\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
"source": "Real DOI 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00011 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Mindfulness Training for Healthy Aging: Impact on Attention, Well-Being, and Inflammation",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dai"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.3389/fnagi.2017.00011"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1016-s1001-6058-15-60522-4",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"calibration": true,
"description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 2 (2015→2017). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/s1001-6058(15)60522-4 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Numerical and experimental study of Boussinesq wall horizontal turbulent jet of fresh water in a static homogeneous environment of salt water",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Belcaid"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/s1001-6058(15)60522-4"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication-calibration"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongyear-10-2139-ssrn-3637034",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"calibration": true,
"description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -2 (2020→2018). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3637034 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Poverty and Private Law: Beyond Distributive Justice",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dagan"
}
],
"year": 2018,
"doi": "10.2139/ssrn.3637034"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication-calibration"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1016-j-wneu-2020-10-142",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"calibration": true,
"description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 3 (2021→2024). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.142 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Acute Neurologic Deterioration in Mobile Spinal Schwannoma",
"authors": [
{
"family": "SARIKAYA"
}
],
"year": 2024,
"doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.142"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication-calibration"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1007-s00158-020-02799-7",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"calibration": true,
"description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -1 (2021→2020). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00158-020-02799-7 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Discrete adjoint aerodynamic shape optimization using symbolic analysis with OpenFEMflow",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Elham"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.1007/s00158-020-02799-7"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication-calibration"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1021-acsami-1c08810",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"calibration": true,
"description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 2 (2021→2023). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
"source": "Real DOI 10.1021/acsami.1c08810 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Anchored Pt-Co Nanoparticles on Honeycombed Graphene as Highly Durable Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Lin"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"doi": "10.1021/acsami.1c08810"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "matched",
"confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication-calibration"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1017-dsd-2020-122",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "wrong-doi",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.2146/ajhp160156). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
"source": "Title from real DOI 10.1017/dsd.2020.122; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.2146/ajhp160156, for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "TOWARDS BEST PRACTICES IN THE ENGINEER-TO-ORDER BUSINESS: A FRAMEWORK FOR THE STRUCTURED ANALYSIS OF COMMISSIONING PROCESSES",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Mueller"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"doi": "10.2146/ajhp160156"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "ambiguous",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1016-j-athoracsur-2017-07-035",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "wrong-doi",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.ymssp.2023.110469). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
"source": "Title from real DOI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.07.035; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2023.110469, for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Surgical Management of Medically Refractory Tietze Syndrome",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Gologorsky"
}
],
"year": 2017,
"doi": "10.1016/j.ymssp.2023.110469"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "ambiguous",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-15252-embr-202050958",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "wrong-doi",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1371/journal.pgen.1007243). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
"source": "Title from real DOI 10.15252/embr.202050958; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007243, for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Chromatin remodeller CHD7 is required for GABAergic neuron development by promoting PAQR3 expression",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Jamadagni"
}
],
"year": 2021,
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pgen.1007243"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "ambiguous",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1016-j-neuroimage-2015-05-025",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "wrong-doi",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "crossref",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1080/09639489.2017.1375648). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
"source": "Title from real DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.025; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1080/09639489.2017.1375648, for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Global features of functional brain networks change with contextual disorder",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Andric"
}
],
"year": 2015,
"doi": "10.1080/09639489.2017.1375648"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "ambiguous",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-36464251",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "manual",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "PMID (36464251, paper A) and DOI (10.1111/mice.12767, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
"source": "Real PMID 36464251 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1111/mice.12767 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "[Potential transmission risk of key parasitic diseases and responses to the risk during the construction of an ecological city in Shanghai Municipality]",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Yu"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"pmid": "36464251",
"doi": "10.1111/mice.12767"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-35310747",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "manual",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "PMID (35310747, paper A) and DOI (10.1159/000530152, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
"source": "Real PMID 35310747 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1159/000530152 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Successful removal of an accidentally swallowed press-through package sheet using a detachable snare: A case report",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Mawatari"
}
],
"year": 2022,
"pmid": "35310747",
"doi": "10.1159/000530152"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-37637856",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "manual",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "PMID (37637856, paper A) and DOI (10.1016/j.pnucene.2023.104929, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
"source": "Real PMID 37637856 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.pnucene.2023.104929 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Prevention of Uterine Fibroids: molecular mechanisms and potential clinical application",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Ali"
}
],
"year": 2023,
"pmid": "37637856",
"doi": "10.1016/j.pnucene.2023.104929"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-34168740",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "hard",
"source_of_truth": "manual",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "PMID (34168740, paper A) and DOI (10.1021/acscentsci.9b01023, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
"source": "Real PMID 34168740 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01023 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-05-25.",
"claimed": {
"title": "Unusual reversibility in molecular break-up of PAHs: the case of pentacene dehydrogenation on Ir(111)",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Curcio"
}
],
"year": 2020,
"pmid": "34168740",
"doi": "10.1021/acscentsci.9b01023"
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "mismatch",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-invented-1",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "invented",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "manual",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Fully invented work (no real referent); title-only so it exercises the title-search not_found path. Per §4.B → not_found.",
"source": "Fabricated for the blind eval, 2026-05-25 (no real referent).",
"claimed": {
"title": "Self-supervised contrastive learning for zero-shot detection of imaginary exoplanetary biosignatures",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Vexley"
}
],
"year": 2021
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "not_found",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-invented-2",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "invented",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "manual",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Fully invented work (no real referent); title-only so it exercises the title-search not_found path. Per §4.B → not_found.",
"source": "Fabricated for the blind eval, 2026-05-25 (no real referent).",
"claimed": {
"title": "A unified thermodynamic theory of non-existent metamaterial cloaking at terahertz frequencies",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Quenton"
}
],
"year": 2022
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "not_found",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-invented-3",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "invented",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "manual",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Fully invented work (no real referent); title-only so it exercises the title-search not_found path. Per §4.B → not_found.",
"source": "Fabricated for the blind eval, 2026-05-25 (no real referent).",
"claimed": {
"title": "Longitudinal effects of a fictitious nutraceutical on cognitive decline in synthetic cohorts",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Marrowfield"
}
],
"year": 2023
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "not_found",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-invented-4",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "invented",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "manual",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Fully invented work (no real referent); title-only so it exercises the title-search not_found path. Per §4.B → not_found.",
"source": "Fabricated for the blind eval, 2026-05-25 (no real referent).",
"claimed": {
"title": "Hyperbolic embeddings for the taxonomy of undiscovered abyssal nematode phyla",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Dellacroce"
}
],
"year": 2021
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "not_found",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-invented-5",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "invented",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "manual",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Fully invented work (no real referent); title-only so it exercises the title-search not_found path. Per §4.B → not_found.",
"source": "Fabricated for the blind eval, 2026-05-25 (no real referent).",
"claimed": {
"title": "Catalytic depolymerization of hypothetical bio-derived polyesters using engineered laccases",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Strindqvist"
}
],
"year": 2022
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "not_found",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-invented-6",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "invented",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "manual",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Fully invented work (no real referent); title-only so it exercises the title-search not_found path. Per §4.B → not_found.",
"source": "Fabricated for the blind eval, 2026-05-25 (no real referent).",
"claimed": {
"title": "A phase-field model of grain growth in an invented high-entropy ceramic system",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Oyelaran"
}
],
"year": 2023
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "not_found",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
},
{
"id": "fab-invented-7",
"arm": "fabrication",
"attack_type": "invented",
"blind": true,
"difficulty": "easy",
"source_of_truth": "manual",
"claimed_source": "manual",
"description": "Fully invented work (no real referent); title-only so it exercises the title-search not_found path. Per §4.B → not_found.",
"source": "Fabricated for the blind eval, 2026-05-25 (no real referent).",
"claimed": {
"title": "Federated learning under adversarial drift for nonexistent edge-sensor fleets",
"authors": [
{
"family": "Hammersmith"
}
],
"year": 2021
},
"expected": {
"verdict": "not_found",
"confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
},
"partition": "fabrication"
}
],
"version": "2-blind",
"sealed_at": "2026-05-25T14:39:06.780Z",
"sealed_by": "Mark GO, 2026-05-26"
}