{
  "name": "validation-set-v5",
  "version": "5-blind",
  "protocol": "docs/VERIFIER_EVAL_v5_PROTOCOL.md",
  "status": "SEALED — measure once; do not modify",
  "blind": true,
  "probed_verify": false,
  "sealed": true,
  "assembled_at": "2026-08-02T01:49:18.947Z",
  "seed": 20260801,
  "holdout_fraction": 0.3,
  "stratum_definition": "clean arm: identifier type (doi/pmid/pmcid/isbn/arxiv/ads/whoiris). fabrication arm: attack_type for the six v4 subtypes; near_miss_shape (finer than attack_type) for the five near-miss-author shapes.",
  "spot_check": {
    "reviewer": "Mark Lavercombe",
    "date": "2026-08-02",
    "rows": 100,
    "method": "TITLE-ONLY, verifier-blind: reviewer opened each identifier and compared only the claimed title against the resolved record. The verifier's own output was never shown. Per-shape expectations (docs/v5-spotcheck.md) — clean rows and the author/year-swap fabrication shapes expect same-work; fake-title, wrong-doi, pmid-doi-split and near-miss-title expect different-work.",
    "result": "PASS — 100/100 rows agree with their per-shape expectation; zero construction defects",
    "counts": {
      "same-work": 89,
      "different-work": 11
    },
    "contradictions": 0,
    "excluded_ids": [],
    "unsure": 0,
    "not_found": 0,
    "verdicts": [
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tits-2024-3422039",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-challe6010117",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-cmpb-2021-106300",
        "human_verdict": "different-work",
        "expected": "different-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-1073191121998760",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3386-w31122",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-pmid-blind-34931032",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-pmid-blind-35047610",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1017-s0013091500008786",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-330392",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0001-8708-89-90004-2",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-labeco-2014-06-005",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0956797610377342",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-long-07",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1006-redy-1998-0056",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2307-2392383",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-3389-fpsyg-2018-01713",
        "human_verdict": "different-work",
        "expected": "different-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1191-1478088706qp063oa",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-iccv-2017-74",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2212-06357",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1054972-1055012",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-ms-2012-167",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-2988-0006-324x-129-q2-76",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781850070917",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-physrevlett-78-390",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-isci-2023-107074",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-03",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3102-10769986027003223",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-37236-12906",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5539-ibr-v5n10p19",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1112-s0024611597000282",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf00985762",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1095034-1095063",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0021-8693-88-90177-9",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC9381412",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-peptides-2018-04-017",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1007-s40031-020-00480-7",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf00383950",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-10",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tcc-2023-3264242",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021JGRE..12606711L",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021Icar..36914650L",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1002-cre2-3",
        "human_verdict": "different-work",
        "expected": "different-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s13748-012-0030-x",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534700",
        "human_verdict": "different-work",
        "expected": "different-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-adapen-2024-100174",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1121-1-1506692",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijhydene-2024-05-107",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC12635230",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejc-2011-08-005",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1364-josaa-7-000923",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-pandp-20201036",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3629527-3651419",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-envres-2018-10-025",
        "human_verdict": "different-work",
        "expected": "different-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1467-7660-2007-00404-x",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3934-math-2021412",
        "human_verdict": "different-work",
        "expected": "different-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-massp-1984-1162229",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-bioinformatics-btx075",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-3-540-30731-1",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-nearmiss-shared-particle-06",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1017-9781316480748",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-engappai-2023-106476",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1055-a-1521-5124",
        "human_verdict": "different-work",
        "expected": "different-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-000312240507000408",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0001839217694358",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2307-2983068",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-07421222-1996-11518099",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534728",
        "human_verdict": "different-work",
        "expected": "different-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2409-04231",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-09",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2139-ssrn-4922031",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-17016-2380-7172-0056",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-2147-rmi-s356443",
        "human_verdict": "different-work",
        "expected": "different-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1049-mia2-12308",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-microc-2024-111307",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1371-journal-pone-0103561",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-mksc-2023-0306",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-pmid-blind-35254061",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tpds-2013-257",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-nearmiss-relocated-particle-08",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1056-nejmoa1414123",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11042076",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-patrec-2005-02-003",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5220-0010710300003058",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-wacv-2018-00168",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1609-aies-v7i1-31745",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1006-juec-2000-2171",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1468-2354-2009-00566-x",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3178876-3186044",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-10496491-2025-2466591",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-47363-jcrr-2021-3-151",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2106-12741",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1017-s104795111700244x",
        "human_verdict": "different-work",
        "expected": "different-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3408877-3432539",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jmva-2005-08-003",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41598-019-55247-y",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1158-1078-0432-ccr-18-2509",
        "human_verdict": "different-work",
        "expected": "different-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2020-findings-emnlp-428",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jpaa-2018-09-014",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-aer-20221180",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      },
      {
        "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1037-met0000167",
        "human_verdict": "same-work",
        "expected": "same-work"
      }
    ],
    "note": "Two construction defects were found BY THIS CHECK during review and repaired before completion (near-miss-title with/without landing on connectives, e5d3603d; wrong-authors §5 collision where the substitute was author 7 on the same paper, 9e903a98). Both were then re-verified across their WHOLE stratum rather than by sampling — see scripts/blind-corpus/audit-fabrication-strata.mjs. The 100 rows above were all ticked against the repaired corpus.",
    "record": "Mark Lavercombe, 2026-08-02: 100/100 rows confirmed fair against per-shape expectations; 0 contradictions, 0 unsure, 0 not-found. Two construction defects found by this check during review and repaired before completion (e5d3603d near-miss-title connective flip; 9e903a98 wrong-authors §5 author-7 collision), each then re-verified across its whole stratum."
  },
  "measurement_target": {
    "probed_at": "2026-08-02",
    "endpoint": "https://scholar-sidekick.com/api/verify",
    "verify_version": "2026-07-31",
    "transform_version": "2026-06-16",
    "probe_evidence": "POST /api/verify returned 200 with x-scholar-verify-version: 2026-07-31 and x-scholar-transform-version: 2026-06-16 (verdict matched/high on a known-good DOI).",
    "flags": {
      "ENABLE_COAUTHOR_CHECK": "unset in Vercel → defaults to 0 (OFF). This is the intended state: the flag is gated on exactly this FAR measurement, so it must not be on while measuring."
    },
    "code_parity": "Local HEAD is 19 commits ahead of origin/main, but the only runtime files in that range are app/changelog.md/route.ts and app/changelog/page.tsx — no verifier, compare, or resolve logic. Local SCHOLAR_VERIFY_VERSION/SCHOLAR_TRANSFORM_VERSION match the live headers exactly, so the deployed verifier is the one this corpus measures.",
    "known_caveats": [
      "wrong-year: 11 of 35 rows use a ±1-year offset and all expect `matched`, while the Elgar corpus finding shows a year gap alone can reach `mismatch` in prod. This is the §4.B calibration bucket, already excluded from the flagged-recall denominator — expect it to score poorly and do not read that as a regression.",
      "24 of 1402 rows carry LaTeX artefacts in the title (22 in clean:doi, mostly $math$ plus ``quote'' forms). Per §2 this is the POINT of v5's author-typed sourcing, not noise: a poor score on this subset is a real finding about the title path, not a corpus defect."
    ]
  },
  "disjointness": {
    "prior_sets_checked": [
      "test/fixtures/verify/validation-set-v2.json",
      "public/citation-integrity/validation-set-v4-blind.json",
      "test/fixtures/verify/validation-set-author-axis-v1.json"
    ],
    "prior_sets_missing": [
      "test/fixtures/verify/blind-build/validation-set-v2-blind.json",
      "test/fixtures/verify/blind-build-v3/validation-set-v3-blind.json"
    ],
    "prior_entries_checked": 1849,
    "cross_set_collisions": 0,
    "ok": true
  },
  "composition": {
    "total": 1402,
    "clean": 1152,
    "fabrication": 250,
    "blind_holdout": 426,
    "blind_holdout_fraction_actual": 0.30385164051355207,
    "near_miss_author_total": 50,
    "near_miss_author_excluding_one_letter_long": 40,
    "by_stratum": {
      "clean:doi": 900,
      "clean:arxiv": 42,
      "clean:pmid": 42,
      "clean:pmcid": 42,
      "clean:isbn": 42,
      "clean:ads": 42,
      "clean:whoiris": 42,
      "fab:real-doi-fake-title": 35,
      "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title": 35,
      "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors": 35,
      "fab:real-doi-wrong-year": 35,
      "fab:wrong-doi": 35,
      "fab:pmid-doi-split": 25,
      "fab:near-miss-one-letter-long": 10,
      "fab:near-miss-one-letter-short": 10,
      "fab:near-miss-shared-particle": 10,
      "fab:near-miss-relocated-particle": 10,
      "fab:near-miss-suffix-collision": 10
    },
    "by_arm": {
      "clean": 1152,
      "fabrication": 250
    },
    "fabrication_by_attack": {
      "real-doi-fake-title": 35,
      "real-doi-near-miss-title": 35,
      "real-doi-wrong-authors": 35,
      "real-doi-wrong-year": 35,
      "wrong-doi": 35,
      "pmid-doi-split": 25,
      "near-miss-author": 50
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "file": "clean-doi-harvest.json",
      "n": 900
    },
    {
      "file": "clean-arxiv.json",
      "n": 42
    },
    {
      "file": "clean-pubmed.json",
      "n": 42
    },
    {
      "file": "clean-pmcid.json",
      "n": 42
    },
    {
      "file": "clean-isbn.json",
      "n": 42
    },
    {
      "file": "clean-ads.json",
      "n": 42
    },
    {
      "file": "clean-whoiris.json",
      "n": 42
    },
    {
      "file": "fabrications-v4subtypes.json",
      "n": 200
    },
    {
      "file": "fabrications-near-miss-author.json",
      "n": 50
    }
  ],
  "_validation": {
    "ok": true,
    "problems": [],
    "deviations": []
  },
  "spot_check_sample": [
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tits-2024-3422039",
      "arm": "clean",
      "stratum": "clean:doi",
      "claimed_title": "Machine Learning for UAV-Aided ITS: A Review With Comparative Study",
      "claimed_authors": [
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      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gaucher\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evidence That Gendered Wording in Job Advertisements Exists and Sustains Gender Inequality.",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gaucher"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1037/a0022530"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2024-dravidianlangtech-1-6",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pannerselvam\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "SetFit: A Robust Approach for Offensive Content Detection in Tamil-English Code-Mixed Conversations Using Sentence Transfer Fine-tuning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pannerselvam"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2024.dravidianlangtech-1.6"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jmoneco-2025-103859",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zarifhonarvar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Generating inflation expectations with large language models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zarifhonarvar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jmoneco.2025.103859"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2139-ssrn-5144847",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Krause\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05203, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Impact of Financial Influencers on Crypto Markets: Systemic Risks and Regulatory Challenges",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Krause"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5144847"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-opre-47-4-585",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Glasserman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23134, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Multilevel Splitting for Estimating Rare Event Probabilities",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Glasserman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.1287/opre.47.4.585"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5220-0008976003310337",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mestetskiy\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mirror Symmetry Detection in Digital Images:",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mestetskiy"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.5220/0008976003310337"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1167-17-10-806",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Geirhos\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08321, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Of Human Observers and Deep Neural Networks: A Detailed Psychophysical Comparison",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Geirhos"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1167/17.10.806"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-sapm199083131",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Foata\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Denert's permutation statistic is indeed Euler-Mahonian",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Foata"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1990,
        "doi": "10.1002/sapm199083131"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-s0022-0531-03-00165-0",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Moro\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A General Equilibrium Model of Statistical Discrimination",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Moro"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0022-0531(03)00165-0"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1017-cbo9780511623714",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cameron\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27719, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Designs, Graphs, Codes and their Links",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cameron"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1991,
        "doi": "10.1017/cbo9780511623714"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-ms-2019-2936273",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Henry\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Howard Chu on Lightning Memory-Mapped Database",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Henry"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1109/ms.2019.2936273"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1112-s0024611597000282",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ram\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Seminormal representations of Weyl groups and Iwahori-Hecke algebras",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ram"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1997,
        "doi": "10.1112/s0024611597000282"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00029-018-0436-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Muthiah\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Affine PBW bases and affine MV polytopes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Muthiah"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00029-018-0436-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-physrep-2025-06-002",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Masuda\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27968, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Introduction to Correlation Networks: Interdisciplinary Approaches Beyond Thresholding",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Masuda"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.physrep.2025.06.002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-1-4939-3091-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Petersen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Eulerian numbers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Petersen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4939-3091-3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1214-15-aos1388",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bertsimas\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2508.03708, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Best Subset Selection via a Modern Optimization Lens",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bertsimas"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1214/15-aos1388"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-1047322x-1990-10389587",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hornung\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Estimation of Average Concentration in the Presence of Nondetectable Values",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hornung"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1990,
        "doi": "10.1080/1047322x.1990.10389587"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-patrec-2005-02-003",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Xiao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Using Phase Information for Symmetry Detection",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xiao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.patrec.2005.02.003"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1364-josaa-7-000923",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Malik\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08321, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Preattentive Texture Discrimination with Early Vision Mechanisms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Malik"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1990,
        "doi": "10.1364/josaa.7.000923"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3563347",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Atkinson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Semi-symbolic inference for efficient streaming probabilistic programming",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Atkinson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1145/3563347"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3386-w25336",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ben-David\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Expectations Uncertainty and Household Economic Behavior",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ben-David"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.3386/w25336"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00209-010-0712-7",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hill\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Degenerate affine Hecke-Clifford algebras and type $Q$ Lie superalgebras",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hill"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00209-010-0712-7"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tasl-2010-2052251",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nakatani\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23293, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Speech dereverberation based on variance-normalized delayed linear prediction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nakatani"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1109/tasl.2010.2052251"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3582426",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27766, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Dense Representation Framework for Lexical and Semantic Matching",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3582426"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-energy-2022-123960",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A novel combined forecasting model based on neural networks, deep learning approaches, and multi-objective optimization for short-term wind speed forecasting",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.energy.2022.123960"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-319-12895-5-1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chrysafiadi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Student Modeling for Personalized Education: A Review of the Literature",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chrysafiadi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-12895-5_1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3115-v1-p15-2048",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yogatama\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Embedding Methods for Fine Grained Entity Type Classification",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yogatama"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.3115/v1/p15-2048"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1057-palgrave-ejis-3000417",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ahuja\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Women in the Information Technology Profession: A Literature Review, Synthesis and Research Agenda",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ahuja"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2002,
        "doi": "10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000417"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-13645579-2022-2137935",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Elsenbroich\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27968, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Negotiating a Future that is not like the Past",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Elsenbroich"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1080/13645579.2022.2137935"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-642-11829-6-17",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Abellan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bagging Decision Trees on Data Sets with Classification Noise",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Abellan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-11829-6_17"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1162-neco-1991-3-1-79",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jacobs\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23165, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Adaptive Mixtures of Local Experts",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jacobs"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1991,
        "doi": "10.1162/neco.1991.3.1.79"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1086-260535",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Welch\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Employment Quotas for Minorities",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Welch"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1976,
        "doi": "10.1086/260535"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s10618-022-00867-8",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schwalbe\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A comprehensive taxonomy for explainable artificial intelligence: a systematic survey of surveys on methods and concepts",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schwalbe"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10618-022-00867-8"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-neucom-2025-129974",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08236, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Spectrum-guided Spatial Feature Enhancement Network for event-based lip-reading",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.neucom.2025.129974"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1467-7660-2007-00404-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Goetz\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Political Cleaners: Women as the New Anti-Corruption Force?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Goetz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00404.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-540-40899-4-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Robust Midsagittal Plane Extraction from Coarse, Pathological 3D Images",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-540-40899-4_9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-orsc-11-4-404-14600",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Orlikowski\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Using Technology and Constituting Structures: A Practice Lens for Studying Technology in Organizations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Orlikowski"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "doi": "10.1287/orsc.11.4.404.14600"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3408877-3432539",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fowler\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Autograding \"Explain in Plain English\" Questions Using NLP",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fowler"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1145/3408877.3432539"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3576050-3576091",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kong\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Investigating Student's Problem-solving Approaches in MOOCs using Natural Language Processing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kong"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3576050.3576091"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1126-sciadv-adt4713",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Guo\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hamiltonian learning for 300 trapped ion qubits with long-range couplings",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Guo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.adt4713"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-4137-ehi-s15671",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Reno\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mechanisms of Heightened Airway Sensitivity and Responses to Inhaled SO2 in Asthmatics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Reno"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.4137/ehi.s15671"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3632620-3671092",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Debugging with an AI Tutor: Investigating Novice Help-seeking Behaviors and Perceived Learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3632620.3671092"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-1731324100",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bauch\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.31414, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Group interest versus self-interest in smallpox vaccination policy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bauch"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1731324100"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejc-2003-10-011",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brenti\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The intersection cohomology of Schubert varieties is a combinatorial invariant",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brenti"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejc.2003.10.011"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-s0020-0255-98-10104-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lee\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.30261, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A probability model for reconstructing secret sharing under the internet environment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lee"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0020-0255(98)10104-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-362851-362858",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sackman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.06074, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Exploratory experimental studies comparing online and offline programming performance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sackman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1968,
        "doi": "10.1145/362851.362858"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-1940161219892768",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fletcher\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05217, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "How Polarized Are Online and Offline News Audiences? A Comparative Analysis of Twelve Countries",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fletcher"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1177/1940161219892768"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-cvpr-2015-7298640",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nguyen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Deep neural networks are easily fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable Images",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nguyen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298640"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s000260200015",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Robertson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Refined restricted permutations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Robertson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2002,
        "doi": "10.1007/s000260200015"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icdar-2017-46",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10781, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "CNN Based Page Object Detection in Document Images",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1109/icdar.2017.46"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-000312240907400505",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pager\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market: A Field Experiment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pager"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1177/000312240907400505"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00208-004-0613-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kim\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Monomial realization of crystal graphs for $U_q(A_n^(1))$",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kim"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00208-004-0613-3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18060-26438",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nicholls\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Change in Test Cricket Performance Following the Introduction of T20 Cricket: Implications for Tactical Strategy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nicholls"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.18060/26438"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-socnet-2026-04-002",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lubbers\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "From hidden populations to social structure: Evolution of the Network Scale-Up Method, Aggregated Relational Data, and their applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lubbers"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.socnet.2026.04.002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-revmodphys-74-47",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Albert\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.31414, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Statistical mechanics of complex networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Albert"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2002,
        "doi": "10.1103/revmodphys.74.47"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-aim-2018-03-011",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bellamy\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Highest weight theory for finite-dimensional graded algebras with triangular decomposition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bellamy"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aim.2018.03.011"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3290605-3300637",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hube\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Understanding and Mitigating Worker Biases in the Crowdsourced Collection of Subjective Judgments",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hube"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1145/3290605.3300637"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-d19-1049",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Anjum\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "PaRe: A Paper-Reviewer Matching Approach Using a Common Topic Space",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Anjum"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/d19-1049"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3573051-3593393",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Markel\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "GPTeach: Interactive TA Training with GPT-based Students",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Markel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3573051.3593393"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icdm-2006-65",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Singla\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Entity Resolution with Markov Logic",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Singla"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1109/icdm.2006.65"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3115-v1-n15-1011",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Johnson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Effective Use of Word Order for Text Categorization with Convolutional Neural Networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Johnson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.3115/v1/n15-1011"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-physreva-67-042322",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Boulant\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Robust method for estimating the Lindblad operators of a dissipative quantum process from measurements of the density operator at multiple time points",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Boulant"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "doi": "10.1103/physreva.67.042322"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0739456x211001936",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Millard-Ball\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Diversifying Planning Education through Course Readings",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Millard-Ball"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1177/0739456x211001936"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-0-387-79852-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Goodman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Symmetry, representations, and invariants",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Goodman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-0-387-79852-3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1371-journal-pone-0000308",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Piwowar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Sharing Detailed Research Data Is Associated with Increased Citation Rate",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Piwowar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0000308"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00180-012-0314-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Noufaily\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On maximization of the likelihood for the generalized gamma distribution",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Noufaily"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00180-012-0314-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00373-011-1112-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Akbari\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the lucky choice number of graphs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Akbari"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00373-011-1112-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-msom-2015-0561",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ferreira\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Analytics for an online retailer: Demand forecasting and price optimization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ferreira"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1287/msom.2015.0561"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-physrevlett-119-180509",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Temme\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Error mitigation for short-depth quantum circuits",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Temme"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1103/physrevlett.119.180509"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2139-ssrn-2833691",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Leung\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Dilemma of Mobility: The Differential Effects of Women and Men's Erratic Career Paths",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Leung"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.2833691"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-08993400802114508",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fitzgerald\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05871, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Debugging: Finding, Fixing and Flailing, a Multi-Institutional Study of Novice Debuggers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fitzgerald"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1080/08993400802114508"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-mksc-2023-0306",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Goli\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Frontiers: Can Large Language Models Capture Human Preferences?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Goli"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1287/mksc.2023.0306"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-codit62066-2024-10708161",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"González\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06173, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Grey-box Recursive Parameter Identification of a Nonlinear Dynamic Model for Mineral Flotation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "González"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1109/codit62066.2024.10708161"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3568812-3603474",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Singla\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evaluating ChatGPT and GPT-4 for Visual Programming",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Singla"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3568812.3603474"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3292500-3330723",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gmail Smart Compose: Real-Time Assisted Writing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1145/3292500.3330723"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejc-2006-12-010",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Branden\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Actions on permutations and unimodality of descent polynomials",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Branden"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejc.2006.12.010"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijforecast-2019-07-001",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Salinas\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23146, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "DeepAR: Probabilistic forecasting with autoregressive recurrent networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Salinas"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijforecast.2019.07.001"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-jiot-2023-3289625",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.31782, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Survey on Cyber-Physical Systems Security",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1109/jiot.2023.3289625"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-11776420-14",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Minh\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08281, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mercer's Theorem, Feature Maps, and Smoothing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Minh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1007/11776420_14"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1787-b956ef57-en",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"OECD\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender Equality in Colombia: Access to Justice and Politics at the Local Level",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "OECD"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1787/b956ef57-en"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-egyr-2022-12-145",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sarfarazi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14186, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Improving energy system design with optimization models by quantifying the economic granularity gap: The case of prosumer self-consumption in Germany",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sarfarazi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.egyr.2022.12.145"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-21437-interspeech-2021-230",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ratnarajah\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23293, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "IR-GAN: Room impulse response generator for far-field speech recognition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ratnarajah"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.21437/interspeech.2021-230"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-massp-1984-1162229",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gray\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Vector quantization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gray"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1984,
        "doi": "10.1109/massp.1984.1162229"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1371-journal-pone-0047445",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fewell\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Basketball teams as strategic networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fewell"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0047445"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-23919-date48585-2020-9116302",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Awano\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "BYNQNet: Bayesian Neural Network with Quadratic Activations for Sampling-Free Uncertainty Estimation on FPGA",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Awano"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.23919/date48585.2020.9116302"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3408039",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Flammia\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Efficient Estimation of Pauli Channels",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Flammia"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1145/3408039"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-est-2022-105001",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Long-term thermal performance analysis of a large-scale water pit thermal energy storage",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.est.2022.105001"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-17016-feds-2013-36",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Byrne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Is the Information Technology Revolution Over?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.17016/feds.2013.36"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf01298332",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wills\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27941, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Zwei Satze uber inhomogene diophantische Approximation von Irrationalzahlen",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wills"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1967,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf01298332"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3646547-3689005",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05203, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Give and Take: An End-To-End Investigation of Giveaway Scam Conversion Rates",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3646547.3689005"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icc-2017-7996821",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kaminski\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23115, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A neural-network-based realization of in-network computation for the Internet of Things",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kaminski"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1109/icc.2017.7996821"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-mineng-2018-02-002",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Neethling\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06173, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Predicting flotation behaviour – The interaction between froth stability and performance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Neethling"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.mineng.2018.02.002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf02102090",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Misra\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Crystal base for the basic representation of $U_q( sl(n))$",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Misra"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1990,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf02102090"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5220-0010710300003058",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schopf\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Lbl2Vec: An Embedding-based Approach for Unsupervised Document Retrieval on Predefined Topics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schopf"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.5220/0010710300003058"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-aje-kwy154",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Correia\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Estimating the Relative Excess Risk Due to Interaction in Clustered-Data Settings",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Correia"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1093/aje/kwy154"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1023-a-1022873112823",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Angluin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Learning From Noisy Examples",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Angluin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1988,
        "doi": "10.1023/a:1022873112823"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2023-emnlp-main-338",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Singh\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "SciRepEval: A Multi-Format Benchmark for Scientific Document Representations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Singh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.338"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-21437-interspeech-2024-1848",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Guan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27775, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "LAFMA: A Latent Flow Matching Model for Text-to-Audio Generation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Guan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.21437/interspeech.2024-1848"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-0403723101",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hong\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Groups of Diverse Problem Solvers Can Outperform Groups of High-Ability Problem Solvers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hong"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.0403723101"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-media-2024-103258",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Embedded Prompt Tuning: Towards Enhanced Calibration of Pretrained Models for Medical Images",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.media.2024.103258"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1037-met0000167",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Epskamp\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27968, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Tutorial on Regularized Partial Correlation Networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Epskamp"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1037/met0000167"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5465-amr-2017-0087",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Leslie\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Diversity Initiative Effectiveness: A Typological Theory of Unintended Consequences",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Leslie"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.5465/amr.2017.0087"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-01621459-1974-10482962",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hampel\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.19013, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Influence Curve and its Role in Robust Estimation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hampel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1974,
        "doi": "10.1080/01621459.1974.10482962"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5465-ambpp-2019-275",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"He\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Covering in Cover Letters: Gender and Self-Presentation in Job Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "He"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.5465/ambpp.2019.275"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1057-s41264-025-00334-7",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zulch\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05203, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Navigating the rise of finfluencers: a multidimensional quality framework for strategic partnerships",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zulch"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "doi": "10.1057/s41264-025-00334-7"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1371-journal-pone-0103561",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Akbar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bilateral Symmetry Detection on the Basis of Scale Invariant Feature Transform",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Akbar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0103561"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-0403823101",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bauch\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.31414, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Vaccination and the theory of games",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bauch"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.0403823101"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tkde-2013-39",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05052, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A review on multi-label learning algorithms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1109/tkde.2013.39"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-46298-dmtcs-14375",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bsila\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Desarrangements revisited: statistics and pattern avoidance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bsila"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.46298/dmtcs.14375"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-conl-12752",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Clough\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17687, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Field sizes and the future of farmland biodiversity in European landscapes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Clough"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1111/conl.12752"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-2897518-2897585",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Haah\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Sample-optimal tomography of quantum states",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Haah"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1145/2897518.2897585"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0149206307308587",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Horwitz\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Effects of Team Diversity on Team Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Review of Team Demography",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Horwitz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1177/0149206307308587"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-1467-937x-00166",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Saez\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2508.03708, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Using Elasticities to Derive Optimal Income Tax Rates",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Saez"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "doi": "10.1111/1467-937x.00166"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1037-a0038208",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zell\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.21140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evaluating gender similarities and differences using metasynthesis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zell"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1037/a0038208"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-000312240507000408",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gorman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender Stereotypes, Same-Gender Preferences, and Organizational Variation in the Hiring of Women: Evidence from Law Firms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gorman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1177/000312240507000408"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-physrevlett-133-107301",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Colen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Interpreting Neural Operators: How Nonlinear Waves Propagate in Nonreciprocal Solids",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Colen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1103/physrevlett.133.107301"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3411408-3411414",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mylonas\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Zero-Shot Classification of Biomedical Articles with Emerging MeSH Descriptors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mylonas"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1145/3411408.3411414"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tmbmc-2016-2537305",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yazdi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.01245, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "DNA-Based Storage: Trends and Methods",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yazdi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1109/tmbmc.2016.2537305"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-access-2024-3421528",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Park\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08402, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Face Swapping for Low-Resolution and Occluded Images In-the-Wild",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Park"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1109/access.2024.3421528"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejor-2024-01-032",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Combining probabilistic forecasts of intermittent demand",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejor.2024.01.032"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-1461444816676645",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ananny\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05217, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Seeing without knowing: Limitations of the transparency ideal and its application to algorithmic accountability",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ananny"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1177/1461444816676645"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-physrevx-10-041037",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rafayelyan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23285, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Large-Scale Optical Reservoir Computing for Spatiotemporal Information Processing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rafayelyan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1103/physrevx.10.041037"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s11356-025-36928-w",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Golbazi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "High-resolution modeling of extreme heat events with socioeconomic consideration: a real-case WRF--LES approach",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Golbazi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11356-025-36928-w"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1090-memo-0413",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brenti\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Unimodal, log-concave and Polya frequency sequences in combinatorics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brenti"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1989,
        "doi": "10.1090/memo/0413"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00222-004-0358-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Karu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hard Lefschetz theorem for nonrational polytopes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Karu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00222-004-0358-3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-mwscas-1994-519051",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Saramaki\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Structures for generating polynomial responses",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Saramaki"
          }
        ],
        "doi": "10.1109/mwscas.1994.519051"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-isre-2021-1053",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Aggarwal\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Effect of Online Professional Network Recommendations on the Likelihood of an Interview: A Field Study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Aggarwal"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1287/isre.2021.1053"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1201-9780203749289",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gupta\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Matrix Variate Distributions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gupta"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1201/9780203749289"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1037-0022-3514-90-6-961",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lowery\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Concern for the In-Group and Opposition to Affirmative Action",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lowery"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1037/0022-3514.90.6.961"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijhydene-2019-12-161",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Caglayan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Technical potential of salt caverns for hydrogen storage in Europe",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Caglayan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.12.161"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-945645-945654",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lau\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Learning programs from traces using version space algebra",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lau"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "doi": "10.1145/945645.945654"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-36227-techrxiv-174585774-47415852-v1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hornback\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "FHIR in Focus: Enabling Biomedical Data Harmonization for Intelligent Healthcare Systems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hornback"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.36227/techrxiv.174585774.47415852/v1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3636555-3636850",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hutt\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Feedback on Feedback: Comparing Classic Natural Language Processing and Generative AI to Evaluate Peer Feedback",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hutt"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3636555.3636850"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-cifer64978-2025-10975741",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.18229, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Deep Reinforcement Learning in Labor Market Simulations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1109/cifer64978.2025.10975741"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-roiw-12308",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Byrne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "How Fast are Semiconductor Prices Falling?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1111/roiw.12308"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0021-8693-88-90177-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Steinberg\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An occurrence of the Robinson-Schensted correspondence",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Steinberg"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1988,
        "doi": "10.1016/0021-8693(88)90177-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-jrfm17090410",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Olajide\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05203, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Social Media for Investment Advice and Financial Satisfaction: Does Generation Matter?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Olajide"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.3390/jrfm17090410"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-asi-20672",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Metzger\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05217, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Making sense of credibility on the Web: Models for evaluating online information and recommendations for future research",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Metzger"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1002/asi.20672"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-37236-6569",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jurrius\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28072, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Defining the $q$-Analogue of a Matroid",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jurrius"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.37236/6569"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s11263-015-0816-y",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Russakovsky\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08321, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Russakovsky"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-physrevresearch-2-033415",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Funai\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23349, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Thermodynamics and feature extraction by machine learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Funai"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1103/physrevresearch.2.033415"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s43588-025-00840-7",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cui\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A large-scale replication of scenario-based experiments in psychology and management using large language models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cui"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1038/s43588-025-00840-7"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1056-nejmoa1414123",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gauderman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Association of improved air quality with lung development in children",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gauderman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1056/nejmoa1414123"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-rser-2014-07-068",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hoppmann\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14186, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The economic viability of battery storage for residential solar photovoltaic systems--A review and a simulation model",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hoppmann"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.068"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-j-1538-7305-1948-tb01338-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Shannon\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27710, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Mathematical Theory of Communication",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Shannon"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1948,
        "doi": "10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2196-36388",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Huang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evaluation and Mitigation of Racial Bias in Clinical Machine Learning Models: Scoping Review",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Huang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.2196/36388"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3587102-3588785",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Leinonen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Comparing Code Explanations Created by Students and Large Language Models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Leinonen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3587102.3588785"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3287324-3287374",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Prather\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "First Things First: Providing Metacognitive Scaffolding for Interpreting Problem Prompts",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Prather"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1145/3287324.3287374"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-rse-2019-05-024",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Qiu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08281, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fmask 4.0: Improved cloud and cloud shadow detection in Landsats 4–8 and Sentinel-2 imagery",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Qiu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.rse.2019.05.024"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-nclimate2523",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Agnew\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14186, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Effect of residential solar and storage on centralized electricity supply systems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Agnew"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1038/nclimate2523"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0003122420971805",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Campero\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hiring and Intra-occupational Gender Segregation in Software Engineering",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Campero"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1177/0003122420971805"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-isscc-2016-7418047",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Katayama\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23285, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "20.1 A 300GHz 40nm CMOS transmitter with 32-QAM 17.5Gb/s/ch capability over 6 channels",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Katayama"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1109/isscc.2016.7418047"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41586-025-09422-z",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Guo\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27770, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Guo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s10115-013-0697-8",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lakshmanan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Markov Prediction Model for Data-Driven Semi-Structured Business Processes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lakshmanan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10115-013-0697-8"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3689187-3709607",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Clear\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "AI Integration in the IT Professional Workplace: A Scoping Review and Interview Study with Implications for Education and Professional Competencies",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Clear"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3689187.3709607"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-1-4613-0163-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Godsil\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27719, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Algebraic Graph Theory",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Godsil"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4613-0163-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-1517384113",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brunton\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Discovering governing equations from data by sparse identification of nonlinear dynamical systems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brunton"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1517384113"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-seta-2022-102553",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Maruf\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Classification, potential role, and modeling of power-to-heat and thermal energy storage in energy systems: A review",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Maruf"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.seta.2022.102553"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s10515-024-00426-z",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sauvola\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Future of Software Development with Generative AI",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sauvola"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10515-024-00426-z"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3343172",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pappalardo\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "PlayeRank: Data-driven Performance Evaluation and Player Ranking in Soccer via a Machine Learning Approach",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pappalardo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1145/3343172"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1090-memo-1157",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kleshchev\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Imaginary Schur-Weyl duality",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kleshchev"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1090/memo/1157"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-aiware69974-2025-00033",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Treude\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.06074, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Generative AI and Empirical Software Engineering: A Paradigm Shift",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Treude"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1109/aiware69974.2025.00033"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0021-8693-80-90033-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Baclawski\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Cohen-Macaulay ordered sets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Baclawski"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1980,
        "doi": "10.1016/0021-8693(80)90033-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-1-4612-5320-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dembo\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23134, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Large Deviations Techniques and Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dembo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1998,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4612-5320-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3132847-3132938",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zehlike\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "FA*IR: A Fair Top-k Ranking Algorithm",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zehlike"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1145/3132847.3132938"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2025-emnlp-main-1799",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lee\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "AMQ: Enabling AutoML for Mixed-precision Weight-Only Quantization of Large Language Models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lee"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.1799"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s13748-012-0030-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Luaces\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Binary Relevance Efficacy for Multilabel Classification",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Luaces"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1007/s13748-012-0030-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-isci-2023-107074",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Roth\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Geographical balancing of wind power decreases storage needs in a 100 % renewable European power sector",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Roth"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.isci.2023.107074"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1523-jneurosci-0388-18-2018",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rajalingham\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08321, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Large-Scale, High-Resolution Comparison of the Core Visual Object Recognition Behavior of Humans, Monkeys, and State-of-the-Art Deep Artificial Neural Networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rajalingham"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.0388-18.2018"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-ijcnn54540-2023-10191616",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jiang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fair Selection through Kernel Density Estimation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jiang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191616"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ress-2025-111286",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Statistical multivariate degradation modeling – A systematic review",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ress.2025.111286"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejor-2024-01-016",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Göke\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Stabilized Benders decomposition for energy planning under climate uncertainty",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Göke"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejor.2024.01.016"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2139-ssrn-1589012",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fernandez\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "From Metaphors to Mechanisms: Gender Sorting in(to) an Organizational Hierarchy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fernandez"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.1589012"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-aer-20181714",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kessler\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Incentivized Resume Rating: Eliciting Employer Preferences without Deception",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kessler"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1257/aer.20181714"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-s0195-6698-84-80039-6",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Stanley\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the Number of Reduced Decompositions of Elements of Coxeter Groups",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Stanley"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1984,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0195-6698(84)80039-6"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3442188-3445930",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Celis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Effect of the Rooney Rule on Implicit Bias in the Long Term",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Celis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1145/3442188.3445930"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-aim-2011-06-009",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lauda\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Crystals from categorified quantum groups",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lauda"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aim.2011.06.009"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-25300-misq-2021-16535",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Teodorescu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Failures of Fairness in Automation Require a Deeper Understanding of Human-ML Augmentation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Teodorescu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.25300/misq/2021/16535"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-17583004-2022-2088402",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brander\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.05420, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The most important GHG accounting concept you may not have heard of: the attributional-consequential distinction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brander"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1080/17583004.2022.2088402"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3097983-3098066",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lakkaraju\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Selective Labels Problem: Evaluating Algorithmic Predictions in the Presence of Unobservables",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lakkaraju"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1145/3097983.3098066"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3483843",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Duran\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Cognitive Load Theory in Computing Education Research: a Review",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Duran"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1145/3483843"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-s23073398",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Shin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Sound Event Localization and Detection Using Imbalanced Real and Synthetic Data via Multi-Generator",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Shin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.3390/s23073398"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-s0195-6698-13-80103-5",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lickorish\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Unshellable Triangulations of Spheres",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lickorish"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1991,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0195-6698(13)80103-5"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf01390031",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kazhdan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Representations of Coxeter groups and Hecke algebras",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kazhdan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1979,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf01390031"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ress-2021-108200",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Song\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A common random effect induced bivariate gamma degradation process with application to remaining useful life prediction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Song"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ress.2021.108200"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1152-jn-00532-2014",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhivago\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08321, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Texture Discriminability in Monkey Inferotemporal Cortex Predicts Human Texture Perception",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhivago"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1152/jn.00532.2014"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-aim-2005-01-011",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brenti\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Special matchings and Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brenti"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aim.2005.01.011"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-1059601199242006",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gilbert\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Stigmatization Revisited: Does Diversity Management Make a Difference in Applicant Success?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gilbert"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.1177/1059601199242006"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tcsvt-2025-3551303",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08398, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Generic Objects as Pose Probes for Few-Shot View Synthesis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3551303"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijforecast-2022-06-002",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Li\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bayesian forecast combination using time-varying features",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijforecast.2022.06.002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5194-acp-23-15057-2023",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Golbazi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Impacts of maritime shipping on air pollution along the US East Coast",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Golbazi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.5194/acp-23-15057-2023"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s10614-024-10828-6",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A novel ensemble learning framework based on news sentiment enhancement and multi-objective optimizer for carbon price forecasting",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10614-024-10828-6"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1006-juec-2000-2171",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Holzer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Black Applicants, Black Employees, and Urban Labor Market Policy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Holzer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "doi": "10.1006/juec.2000.2171"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1017-s1743923x15000471",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bjarnegård\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Revealing the “Secret Garden”: The Informal Dimensions of Political Recruitment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bjarnegård"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1017/s1743923x15000471"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-aim-2019-05-026",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jasso\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Higher Nakayama Algebras I: Construction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jasso"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aim.2019.05.026"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijhydene-2024-05-107",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Steinbach\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The future European hydrogen market: Market design and policy recommendations to support market development and commodity trading",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Steinbach"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.05.107"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-smj-575",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lee\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "She'-e-Os: Gender Effects and Investor Reactions to the Announcements of Top Executive Appointments",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lee"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1002/smj.575"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1371-journal-pone-0013636",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gargouri\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality Research",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gargouri"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0013636"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-sci6010003",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ferrara\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fairness and Bias in Artificial Intelligence: A Brief Survey of Sources, Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ferrara"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.3390/sci6010003"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3386-w25188",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Byrne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Rise of Cloud Computing: Minding Your P’s, Q’s and K’s",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.3386/w25188"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1515-strm-2025-0001",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Heiss\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23110, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Nonparametric filtering, estimation and classification using neural jump ODEs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Heiss"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1515/strm-2025-0001"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tcc-2023-3264242",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23115, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Dynamic GPU Scheduling With Multi-Resource Awareness and Live Migration Support",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1109/tcc.2023.3264242"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3636243-3636256",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Doughty\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Comparative Study of AI-Generated (GPT-4) and Human-crafted MCQs in Programming Education",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Doughty"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3636243.3636256"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00209-017-2034-5",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Benkart\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Chip firing on Dynkin diagrams and McKay quivers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Benkart"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00209-017-2034-5"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-prxquantum-4-040337",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Huang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Learning to Predict Arbitrary Quantum Processes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Huang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1103/prxquantum.4.040337"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-hrm-21837",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Shi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Adoption of Chief Diversity Officers among S&P 500 Firms: Institutional, Resource Dependence, and Upper Echelons Accounts",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Shi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1002/hrm.21837"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-1416587112",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hainmueller\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Validating vignette and conjoint survey experiments against real-world behavior",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hainmueller"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1416587112"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1121-1-1506692",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zahorik\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23293, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Direct-to-reverberant energy ratio sensitivity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zahorik"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2002,
        "doi": "10.1121/1.1506692"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1365-2222-2011-03776-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kelly\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Air pollution and airway disease",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kelly"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1538-4616-2007-00071-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Li\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.17624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Life-Cycle Effects of House Price Changes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1538-4616.2007.00071.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-ijcnn-2014-6889360",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Polato\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Data-Aware Remaining Time Prediction of Business Process Instances",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Polato"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1109/ijcnn.2014.6889360"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2139-ssrn-4922031",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hull\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05203, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Impact of Finfluencers on Retail Investment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hull"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4922031"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-7717-peerj-cs-86",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Smith\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Software citation principles",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Smith"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.7717/peerj-cs.86"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-031-64302-6-19",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ma\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "How to Teach Programming in the AI Era? Using LLMs as a Teachable Agent for Debugging",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ma"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-64302-6_19"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3777411",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Instruction Tuning for Large Language Models: A Survey",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "doi": "10.1145/3777411"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-2538862-2538924",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brown\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05871, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Blackbox: A Large Scale Repository of Novice Programmers' Activity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brown"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1145/2538862.2538924"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-laa-2024-10-023",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00691, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Spectral radius, odd [1,b]-factor and spanning $k$-tree of $1$-binding graphs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.laa.2024.10.023"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3649217-3653612",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Koutcheme\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Open Source Language Models Can Provide Feedback: Evaluating LLMs' Ability to Help Students Using GPT-4-As-A-Judge",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Koutcheme"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3649217.3653612"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3389-fpsyg-2020-00664",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Till\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Challenges and [Possible] Solutions to Optimizing Talent Identification and Development in Sport",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Till"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00664"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-37236-1827",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Reading\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The cd-index of Bruhat intervals",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Reading"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.37236/1827"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-compgeo-2023-105304",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06173, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Efficient modeling of random fields by using Gaussian process inducing-point approximations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.compgeo.2023.105304"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-01621459-2016-1141685",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cervone\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A multiresolution stochastic process model for predicting basketball possession outcomes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cervone"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1080/01621459.2016.1141685"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-24963-ijcai-2022-504",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Xu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "MultiQuant: Training Once for Multi-bit Quantization of Neural Networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.24963/ijcai.2022/504"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1469-1809-1936-tb02134-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yates\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27719, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Incomplete Randomized Blocks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yates"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1936,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02134.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-4337-9781849807630-00024",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sine\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Organization Science",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sine"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.4337/9781849807630.00024"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3449287",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bucinca\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.06101, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "To Trust or to Think: Cognitive Forcing Functions Can Reduce Overreliance on AI in AI-assisted Decision-making",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bucinca"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1145/3449287"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-642-15558-1-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Barnes\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Generalized PatchMatch Correspondence Algorithm",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Barnes"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-15558-1_3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-physrevlett-78-390",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Poyatos\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Complete characterization of a quantum process: the two-bit quantum gate",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Poyatos"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1997,
        "doi": "10.1103/physrevlett.78.390"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-tcs-2015-04-019",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kohler\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.30261, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Self-stabilizing local $k$-placement of replicas with local minimum variance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kohler"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.tcs.2015.04.019"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0377-0427-87-90125-7",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rousseeuw\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.12293, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Silhouettes: A graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rousseeuw"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1987,
        "doi": "10.1016/0377-0427(87)90125-7"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-10584609-2019-1661888",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Keller\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05217, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Political Astroturfing on Twitter: How to Coordinate a Disinformation Campaign",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Keller"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1080/10584609.2019.1661888"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-17016-2380-7172-1512",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Byrne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Recent Slowdown in High-Tech Equipment Price Declines and Some Implications for Business Investment and Labor Productivity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.17016/2380-7172.1512"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-4337-9781847200150",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rodgers III\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Handbook on the Economics of Discrimination",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rodgers III"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.4337/9781847200150"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1281192-1281295",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kohavi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Practical guide to controlled experiments on the web: listen to your customers not to the hippo",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kohavi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1145/1281192.1281295"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-319-46487-9-1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Atadjanov\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Reflection Symmetry Detection via Appearance of Structure Descriptor",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Atadjanov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-46487-9_1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-physrevlett-112-190501",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wiebe\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hamiltonian learning and certification using quantum resources",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wiebe"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1103/physrevlett.112.190501"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s10458-013-9225-1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Farinelli\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.30261, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Agent-Based Decentralised Coordination for Sensor Networks Using the Max-Sum Algorithm",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Farinelli"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10458-013-9225-1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-ieecon-2018-8712122",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ullah\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Detecting Bilateral Symmetry in Single Object Image Through Slope Matching",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ullah"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1109/ieecon.2018.8712122"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1126-science-aab3050",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lake\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Human-level concept learning through probabilistic program induction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lake"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1126/science.aab3050"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1081-agb-200065383",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Representations of a class of Drinfeld's doubles",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1081/agb-200065383"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tpds-2013-257",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhong\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23115, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Kernelet: High-Throughput GPU Kernel Executions with Dynamic Slicing and Scheduling",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhong"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1109/tpds.2013.257"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-disc-2020-112115",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kaul\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Combinatorial Nullstellensatz and DP-coloring of graphs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kaul"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.disc.2020.112115"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-001979397803200102",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Newman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Discrimination in Recruitment: An Empirical Analysis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Newman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1978,
        "doi": "10.1177/001979397803200102"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-mcse-2007-55",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hunter\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hunter"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1109/mcse.2007.55"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2021-calcs-1-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Srivastava\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Challenges and Limitations with the Metrics Measuring the Complexity of Code-Mixed Text",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Srivastava"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2021.calcs-1.2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-971300-971312",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Edwards\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Using Software Testing to Move Students from Trial-and-Error to Reflection-in-Action",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Edwards"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1145/971300.971312"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-iccv-2015-123",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"He\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.16078, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Delving Deep into Rectifiers: Surpassing Human-Level Performance on ImageNet Classification",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "He"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1109/iccv.2015.123"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1162-tacl-a-00028",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jurgens\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Measuring the Evolution of a Scientific Field through Citation Frames",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jurgens"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1162/tacl_a_00028"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1017-s0013091500008786",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"McLeod\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.19013, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mean Value Theorems for Vector Valued Functions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "McLeod"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1965,
        "doi": "10.1017/s0013091500008786"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3626252-3630773",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Woodrow\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "AI Teaches the Art of Elegant Coding: Timely, Fair, and Helpful Style Feedback in a Global Course",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Woodrow"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3626252.3630773"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-52202-079017-1435",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gardner\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Large Scale Transfer Learning for Tabular Data via Language Modeling",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gardner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.52202/079017-1435"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijforecast-2015-03-009",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Conflitti\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Optimal combination of survey forecasts",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Conflitti"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijforecast.2015.03.009"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-4018-978-1-59140-128-5-ch007",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tapia\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Is There a Retention Gap for Women and Minorities? The Case for Moving In Versus Moving Up",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tapia"
          }
        ],
        "doi": "10.4018/978-1-59140-128-5.ch007"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1162-neco-1997-9-8-1735",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hochreiter\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Long Short-Term Memory",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hochreiter"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1997,
        "doi": "10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-systems10050130",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bakumenko\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.15439, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Detecting Anomalies in Financial Data Using Machine Learning Algorithms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bakumenko"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.3390/systems10050130"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-aam-2016-01-005",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brenti\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Parabolic Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for quasi-minuscule quotients",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brenti"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aam.2016.01.005"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3102-10769986027003223",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Alf\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A New Maximum Likelihood Estimator for the Population Squared Multiple Correlation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Alf"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2002,
        "doi": "10.3102/10769986027003223"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-opre-2022-0382",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2508.03708, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Inverse Optimization: Theory and Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1287/opre.2022.0382"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1353-mcb-2004-0007",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Souleles\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Expectations, Heterogeneous Forecast Errors, and Consumption: Micro Evidence from the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Surveys",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Souleles"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1353/mcb.2004.0007"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1086-377518",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zuckerman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Robust Identities or Nonentities? Typecasting in the Feature‐Film Labor Market",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zuckerman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "doi": "10.1086/377518"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jcta-2012-02-002",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Czerwinski\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27941, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Random runners are very lonely",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Czerwinski"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jcta.2012.02.002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-1604378113",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sabuncu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Morphometricity as a measure of the neuroanatomical signature of a trait",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sabuncu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1604378113"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s11156-013-0403-7",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ellis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Workforce Diversity and Shareholder Value: A Multi-Level Perspective",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ellis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11156-013-0403-7"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1126-science-aba3758",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Masanet\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.05420, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Recalibrating global data center energy-use estimates",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Masanet"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1126/science.aba3758"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1521-soco-2012-30-6-652",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gawronski\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27968, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Back to the Future of Dissonance Theory: Cognitive Consistency as a Core Motive",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gawronski"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1521/soco.2012.30.6.652"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00146-023-01675-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"O'Connor\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender bias perpetuation and mitigation in AI technologies: challenges and opportunities",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "O'Connor"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00146-023-01675-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-25080-majora-92bf1922-00a",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"McKinney\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Data Structures for Statistical Computing in Python",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "McKinney"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.25080/majora-92bf1922-00a"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41598-022-20815-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tatsuno\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.21140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender stereotypes about intellectual ability in Japanese children",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tatsuno"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41598-022-20815-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-disc-2004-06-008",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Renault\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27941, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "View-obstruction: a shorter proof for 6 lonely runners",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Renault"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.disc.2004.06.008"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijinfomgt-2021-102387",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Akter\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Algorithmic bias in data-driven innovation in the age of AI",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Akter"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102387"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-mp-12127",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hogeweg\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fast and Effective Quantification of Symmetry in Medical Images for Pathology Detection: Application to Chest Radiography",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hogeweg"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1002/mp.12127"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1449715-1449756",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Adar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Zoetrope: interacting with the ephemeral web",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Adar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1145/1449715.1449756"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0008125619867910",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tambe\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Management: Challenges and a Path Forward",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tambe"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1177/0008125619867910"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-2858036-2858121",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Suzuki\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Atelier: Repurposing Expert Crowdsourcing Tasks as Micro-internships",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Suzuki"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1145/2858036.2858121"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-319-56352-7-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schwartz\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05052, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The refined theory of basic values",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schwartz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-56352-7_3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-mnsc-1110-1426",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Harrison\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.04708, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bayesian Dynamic Pricing Policies: Learning and Earning Under a Binary Prior Distribution",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Harrison"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1287/mnsc.1110.1426"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-17016-2380-7172-0067",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Byrne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Recent Trends in Communications Equipment Prices",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.17016/2380-7172.0067"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-jel-20241665",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Loewenstein\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Economics of Attention",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Loewenstein"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1257/jel.20241665"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-access-2024-3443621",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pirzado\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05808, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Navigating the Pitfalls: Analyzing the Behavior of LLMs as a Coding Assistant for Computer Science Students—A Systematic Review of the Literature",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pirzado"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1109/access.2024.3443621"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5465-ambpp-2020-22036abstract",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Parasurama\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Who Benefits from Organizational Diversity Efforts? Evidence from Silicon Valley Firms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Parasurama"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.5465/ambpp.2020.22036abstract"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1809400-1809422",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mason\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Financial incentives and the \"performance of crowds\"",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mason"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1145/1809400.1809422"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-engappai-2023-106476",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dudukcu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08267, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "UAV sensor data applications with deep neural networks: A comprehensive survey",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dudukcu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.engappai.2023.106476"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-aer-20161385",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hjort\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.19693, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Arrival of Fast Internet and Employment in Africa",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hjort"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1257/aer.20161385"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1523-jneurosci-0296-23-2024",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Revsine\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A unifying model for discordant and concordant results in human neuroimaging studies of facial viewpoint selectivity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Revsine"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.0296-23.2024"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-1-4419-8126-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sweller\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05808, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Cognitive Load Theory",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sweller"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4419-8126-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-4153-cjm-1979-008-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Day\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Characterizations of Finite Lattices that are Bounded-Homomorphic Images or Sublattices of Free Lattices",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Day"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1979,
        "doi": "10.4153/cjm-1979-008-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icra40945-2020-9196845",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bozcan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08267, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Au-air: A multi-modal unmanned aerial vehicle dataset for low altitude traffic surveillance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bozcan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1109/icra40945.2020.9196845"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-15195-v4-a15",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Boutyline\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27968, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Improving the Measurement of Shared Cultural Schemas with Correlational Class Analysis: Theory and Method",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Boutyline"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.15195/v4.a15"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41598-018-24271-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Che\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Recurrent Neural Networks for Multivariate Time Series with Missing Values",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Che"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-24271-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-knosys-2021-107975",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fernandez-Alvarez\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.11182, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Automatic extraction of shapes using sheXer",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fernandez-Alvarez"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107975"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1186-s12931-023-02616-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hwang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Prediction of the number of asthma patients using environmental factors based on deep learning algorithms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hwang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1186/s12931-023-02616-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-rser-2017-05-205",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schill\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14186, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Long-run power storage requirements for high shares of renewables: Results and sensitivities",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schill"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.205"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icdm-2003-1250951",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zeng\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "CBC: clustering based text classification requiring minimal labeled data",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zeng"
          }
        ],
        "doi": "10.1109/icdm.2003.1250951"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00209-013-1219-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kleshchev\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Cuspidal systems for affine Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kleshchev"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00209-013-1219-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1744-6570-1995-tb01747-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Graves\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Effect of Sex Similarity on Recruiters' Evaluations of Actual Applicants: A Test of the Similarity-Attraction Paradigm",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Graves"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1995,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01747.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1142-s021952591750014x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pappalardo\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "QUANTIFYING THE RELATION BETWEEN PERFORMANCE AND SUCCESS IN SOCCER",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pappalardo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1142/s021952591750014x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-imrn-rnac270",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ferroni\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Stressed hyperplanes and Kazhdan-Lusztig gamma-positivity for matroids",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ferroni"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1093/imrn/rnac270"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-mnsc-1120-1602",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Niederle\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "How Costly Is Diversity? Affirmative Action in Light of Gender Differences in Competitiveness",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Niederle"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1287/mnsc.1120.1602"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-iccv48922-2021-01345",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08236, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "TAM: Temporal Adaptive Module for Video Recognition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1109/iccv48922.2021.01345"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-laa-2019-04-013",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"You\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00691, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the spectrum of an equitable quotient matrix and its application",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "You"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.laa.2019.04.013"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3588433",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Shahbazi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Representation Bias in Data: A Survey on Identification and Resolution Techniques",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Shahbazi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3588433"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-hbm-25109",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Couvy‐Duchesne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A unified framework for association and prediction from vertex‐wise grey‐matter structure",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Couvy‐Duchesne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1002/hbm.25109"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18637-jss-v076-i01",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Carpenter\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Stan: A Probabilistic Programming Language",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Carpenter"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.18637/jss.v076.i01"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-neuroimage-2017-06-061",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Varoquaux\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04215, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Cross-validation failure: Small sample sizes lead to large error bars",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Varoquaux"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.061"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-s1574-0714-06-01008-6",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fehr\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Chapter 8 The Economics of Fairness, Reciprocity and Altruism – Experimental Evidence and New Theories",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fehr"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1016/s1574-0714(06)01008-6"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2020-findings-emnlp-112",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rogers\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "What Can We Do to Improve Peer Review in NLP?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rogers"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.112"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s12117-021-09439-6",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Costa\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Nexus Between Corruption and Money Laundering: Deconstructing the Toledo-Odebrecht Network in Peru",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Costa"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1007/s12117-021-09439-6"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tasl-2009-2035038",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lehmann\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23293, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Diffuse reverberation model for efficient image-source simulation of room impulse responses",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lehmann"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1109/tasl.2009.2035038"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-37236-4938",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Macajova\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The chromatic number of a signed graph",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Macajova"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.37236/4938"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-isbi-2011-5872407",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ruppert\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A New Symmetry-Based Method for Mid-Sagittal Plane Extraction in Neuroimages",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ruppert"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1109/isbi.2011.5872407"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-163298-163309",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brynjolfsson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.16078, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Productivity Paradox of Information Technology",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brynjolfsson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1993,
        "doi": "10.1145/163298.163309"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icws-2019-00065",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Outcome-Oriented Predictive Process Monitoring with Attention-Based Bidirectional LSTM Neural Networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1109/icws.2019.00065"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-bioinformatics-btx075",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Taliun\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "LASER server: ancestry tracing with genotypes or sequence reads",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Taliun"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1093/bioinformatics/btx075"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-rfs-hhi006",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cocco\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.17624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Portfolio Choice in the Presence of Housing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cocco"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1093/rfs/hhi006"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3494672",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pessach\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Review on Fairness in Machine Learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pessach"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1145/3494672"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41746-023-00766-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kiyasseh\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Human visual explanations mitigate bias in AI-based assessment of surgeon skills",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kiyasseh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41746-023-00766-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-mcom-2010-5560598",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lane\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A survey of mobile phone sensing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lane"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1109/mcom.2010.5560598"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18352-lq-10371",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ames\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.11182, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Transparency, provenance and collections as data: The National Library of Scotland’s Data Foundry",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ames"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.18352/lq.10371"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1146-annurev-psych-010213-115057",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hyde\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.21140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender similarities and differences",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hyde"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115057"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3717823-3718115",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Learning the structure of any Hamiltonian from minimal assumptions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3717823.3718115"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-compchemeng-2020-106844",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bradford\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06173, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Stochastic data-driven model predictive control using gaussian processes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bradford"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106844"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-aer-20240022",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chopra\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Home Price Expectations and Spending: Evidence from a Field Experiment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chopra"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1257/aer.20240022"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-apenergy-2017-03-051",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pfenninger\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Dealing with multiple decades of hourly wind and PV time series in energy models: A comparison of methods to reduce time resolution and the planning implications of inter-annual variability",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pfenninger"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.051"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-ijoo-2023-0005",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jacobson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Computationally Efficient Benders Decomposition for Energy Systems Planning Problems with Detailed Operations and Time-Coupling Constraints",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jacobson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1287/ijoo.2023.0005"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2307-2983068",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kimber\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Statistical Analysis of Batting in Cricket",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kimber"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1993,
        "doi": "10.2307/2983068"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-ms-2012-167",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kruchten\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.06101, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Technical Debt: From Metaphor to Theory and Practice",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kruchten"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1109/ms.2012.167"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ins-2025-123026",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08236, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Semantics-Aware High-Frequency Enhancement for Event-Based Lip-Reading",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ins.2025.123026"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s11192-010-0202-z",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Larsen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.12293, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The rate of growth in scientific publication and the decline in coverage provided by Science Citation Index",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Larsen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11192-010-0202-z"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0001839219840022",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Galperin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Too Good to Hire? Capability and Inferences about Commitment in Labor Markets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Galperin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1177/0001839219840022"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3717823-3718197",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bafna\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00292, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Quasi-Linear Size PCPs with Small Soundness from HDX",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bafna"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3717823.3718197"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41597-024-04129-8",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Antonini\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Weather- and climate-driven power supply and demand time series for power and energy system analyses",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Antonini"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41597-024-04129-8"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-2018340118",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kleinberg\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Algorithmic Monoculture and Social Welfare",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kleinberg"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2018340118"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijhcs-2006-01-002",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bauerly\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Computational Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Effects of Compositional Elements on Interface and Design Aesthetics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bauerly"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.01.002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-17159-2078-516x-2023-v35i1a15012",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"McEwan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The role of selected pre-match covariates on the outcome of One-day International (ODI) cricket matches",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "McEwan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.17159/2078-516x/2023/v35i1a15012"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41598-025-98218-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pessa\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Structural roles and gender disparities in corruption networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pessa"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-98218-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-grl-50967",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"He\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "High ozone concentrations on hot days: The role of electric power demand and NOx emissions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "He"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1002/grl.50967"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tcad-2024-3355277",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "NAPA: Intermediate-Level Variational Native-Pulse Ansatz for Variational Quantum Algorithms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1109/tcad.2024.3355277"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1021-acs-est-6b06201",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Abel\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Response of power plant emissions to ambient temperature in the eastern United States",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Abel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1021/acs.est.6b06201"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jcta-2021-105445",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Branden's $(p, q)$-Eulerian polynomials, Andre permutations and continued fractions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jcta.2021.105445"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-minpro-2009-07-004",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Neethling\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06173, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The entrainment factor in froth flotation: Model for particle size and other operating parameter effects",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Neethling"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.minpro.2009.07.004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1215-00127094-2023-0021",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Berget\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Log-concavity of matroid $h$-vectors and mixed Eulerian numbers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Berget"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1215/00127094-2023-0021"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icpm-2019-00028",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pasquadibisceglie\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Predictive Process Analytics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pasquadibisceglie"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1109/icpm.2019.00028"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3571785-3574127",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ericson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Parsons Problems and Beyond: Systematic Literature Review and Empirical Study Designs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ericson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1145/3571785.3574127"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-idciot59759-2024-10467739",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jampala\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05808, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Evolution of Voice Assistants: From Text-to-Speech to Conversational AI",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jampala"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1109/idciot59759.2024.10467739"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-surv-2010-020110-00079",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mercier\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.01245, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A survey of error-correcting codes for channels with symbol synchronization errors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mercier"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1109/surv.2010.020110.00079"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icpr-2010-72",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pletschacher\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10781, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The PAGE (Page Analysis and Ground-Truth Elements) Format Framework",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pletschacher"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1109/icpr.2010.72"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-bioinformatics-btt144",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Improved ancestry inference using weights from external reference panels",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1093/bioinformatics/btt144"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3173574-3174225",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Investigating the Impact of Gender on Rank in Resume Search Engines",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1145/3173574.3174225"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3386-w34166",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Choi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.17624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Practical Finance: An Approximate Solution to Lifecycle Portfolio Choice",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Choi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.3386/w34166"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3368-jhr-48-2-311",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Freedman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Targeted Business Incentives and Local Labor Markets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Freedman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.3368/jhr.48.2.311"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5465-amj-2006-22798174",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"O'Mahony\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Stretchwork: Managing the Career Progression Paradox in External Labor Markets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "O'Mahony"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.5465/amj.2006.22798174"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1401890-1401978",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Information Extraction from Wikipedia: Moving Down the Long Tail",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1145/1401890.1401978"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1146-annurev-soc-29-010202-100019",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Racial and Ethnic Stratification in Educational Achievement and Attainment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "doi": "10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100019"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-s0195-6698-89-80038-1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zeng\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Records, antirecords et permutations discordantes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zeng"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1989,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0195-6698(89)80038-1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41396-020-00788-8",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Moore\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Wildland fire as an atmospheric source of viable microbial aerosols and biological ice nucleating particles",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Moore"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41396-020-00788-8"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1088-0034-4885-43-9-002",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"James\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.05324, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Monte Carlo theory and practice",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "James"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1980,
        "doi": "10.1088/0034-4885/43/9/002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icip-2000-899506",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhou\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.12293, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hough Technique for Bar Charts Detection and Recognition in Document Images",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhou"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "doi": "10.1109/icip.2000.899506"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3287560-3287600",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hutchinson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "50 Years of Test (Un)fairness: Lessons for Machine Learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hutchinson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1145/3287560.3287600"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00373-013-1331-y",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bartnicki\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Additive coloring of planar graphs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bartnicki"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00373-013-1331-y"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-07350015-2023-2249509",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sasaki\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.17191, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Extreme Changes in Changes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sasaki"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1080/07350015.2023.2249509"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3632620-3671120",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Demirtas\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Validating, Refining, and Identifying Programming Plans Using Learning Curve Analysis on Code Writing Data",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Demirtas"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3632620.3671120"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1188913-1188915",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Abril\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23075, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The patent holder's dilemma: Buy, sell, or troll?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Abril"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1145/1188913.1188915"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icassp49660-2025-10888682",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tuononen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27710, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Interpreting Deep Neural Network-Based Receiver Under Varying Signal-To-Noise Ratios",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tuononen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10888682"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icsccw-2009-5379480",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gunlu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Symmetry Analysis for 2D Images by Using DCT Coefficients",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gunlu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1109/icsccw.2009.5379480"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1017-9781316480748",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ericsson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ericsson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1017/9781316480748"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-lr2r-ynzs",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ghosh\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00179, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Dynamics of pulsating swarmalators on a ring",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ghosh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1103/lr2r-ynzs"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0956797610377342",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Diekman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Seeking Congruity Between Goals and Roles: A New Look at Why Women Opt Out of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Careers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Diekman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1177/0956797610377342"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1089815-1089821",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Support Vector Machines Classification with a Very Large-Scale Taxonomy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1145/1089815.1089821"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-isbi-2008-4541126",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Luebke\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "CUDA: Scalable parallel programming for high-performance scientific computing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Luebke"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1109/isbi.2008.4541126"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1057270-1057278",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lee\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23075, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Interview with Bill Kinder: January 13, 2005",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lee"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1145/1057270.1057278"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1088-1464-4266-7-10-021",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Emerson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Scalable noise estimation with random unitary operators",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Emerson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1088/1464-4266/7/10/021"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2021-emnlp-main-499",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mehnaz\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "GupShup: Summarizing Open-Domain Code-Switched Conversations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mehnaz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.499"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-eufm-12513",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Keasey\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05203, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The impact of social media influencers on the financial market performance of firms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Keasey"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1111/eufm.12513"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-access-2019-2909552",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhou\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.31782, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Rumor Source Detection in Networks Based on the SEIR Model",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhou"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1109/access.2019.2909552"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s11162-014-9333-z",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Litzler\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Breaking It Down: Engineering Student STEM Confidence at the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Gender",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Litzler"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11162-014-9333-z"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-1014871108",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ceci\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Understanding Current Causes of Women's Underrepresentation in Science",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ceci"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1014871108"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-nar-gkh061",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bodenreider\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27763, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS): integrating biomedical terminology",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bodenreider"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1093/nar/gkh061"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1090-s1088-4165-09-00346-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Khovanov\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A diagrammatic approach to categorification of quantum groups. I",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Khovanov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1090/s1088-4165-09-00346-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-eeeic-icpseurope54979-2022-9854801",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pompei\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A review on thermal energy storage",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pompei"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope54979.2022.9854801"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-cvpr52688-2022-01946",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08236, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Multi-Grained Spatio-Temporal Features Perceived Network for Event-Based Lip-Reading",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1109/cvpr52688.2022.01946"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-omega-2016-09-007",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tsai\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A simulation-based multi-objective optimization framework: A case study on inventory management",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tsai"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.omega.2016.09.007"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1561-2200000050",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bubeck\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23333, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Convex Optimization: Algorithms and Complexity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bubeck"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1561/2200000050"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2307-2667029",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pelled\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Exploring the Black Box: An Analysis of Work Group Diversity, Conflict and Performance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pelled"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.2307/2667029"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3631802-3631806",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kazemitabaar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "How Novices Use LLM-based Code Generators to Solve CS1 Coding Tasks in a Self-Paced Learning Environment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kazemitabaar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3631802.3631806"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-642-33786-4-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tsogkas\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Learning-Based Symmetry Detection in Natural Images",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tsogkas"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-33786-4_4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-2684822-2685299",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kokkodis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hiring Behavior Models for Online Labor Markets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kokkodis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1145/2684822.2685299"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3626252-3630938",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05808, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Teaching CS50 with AI: Leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence in Computer Science Education",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3626252.3630938"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3715762",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rahe\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "How Do Programming Students Use Generative AI?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rahe"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3715762"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1023-b-auro-0000008671-38949-43",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lebeltel\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bayesian Robot Programming",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lebeltel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1023/b:auro.0000008671.38949.43"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1037-0882-7974-22-2-291",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Roring\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A multilevel model analysis of expertise in chess across the life span.",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Roring"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1037/0882-7974.22.2.291"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-pops-70099",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Batzke\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27968, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "From cognitive coherence to political polarization: A data--driven agent‐based model of belief change",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Batzke"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1111/pops.70099"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41586-018-0315-8",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hot streaks in artistic, cultural, and scientific careers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41586-018-0315-8"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-p17-1147",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Joshi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehension",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Joshi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/p17-1147"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1214-aoms-1177704873",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Stone\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Opinion Pool",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Stone"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1961,
        "doi": "10.1214/aoms/1177704873"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3386-w33795",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dillon\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.18687, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Shifting Work Patterns with Generative AI",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dillon"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.3386/w33795"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-autcon-2023-105096",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Alizadehsalehi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08267, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Enabling technologies for remote and virtual inspection of building work",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Alizadehsalehi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105096"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijforecast-2022-11-001",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pic\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27723, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Distributional regression and its evaluation with the CRPS: Bounds and convergence of the minimax risk",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pic"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijforecast.2022.11.001"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2165-00007256-199928040-00004",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Finch\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Measures to Prevent Cricket Injuries: An Overview",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Finch"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.2165/00007256-199928040-00004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2139-ssrn-1574775",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Aleskerov\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.16654, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Distribution of Power within the IMF: When Does Preference Mean Voice?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Aleskerov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.1574775"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-aer-20221180",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jones\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.16078, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Framework for Economic Growth with Capital-Embodied Technical Change",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jones"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1257/aer.20221180"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-laa-2022-12-018",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhou\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00691, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Two sufficient conditions for odd [1,b]-factors in graphs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhou"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.laa.2022.12.018"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0047-2727-76-90018-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Varian\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Two Problems in the Theory of Fairness",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Varian"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1976,
        "doi": "10.1016/0047-2727(76)90018-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-1948550611405218",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cheryan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Do Female and Male Role Models Who Embody STEM Stereotypes Hinder Women’s Anticipated Success in STEM?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cheryan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1177/1948550611405218"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1137-s0097539792231143",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Johnson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.30261, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Complexity of Network Reliability and Optimal Resource Placement Problems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Johnson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1994,
        "doi": "10.1137/s0097539792231143"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-vcip-2014-7051610",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cai\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An Adaptive Symmetry Detection Algorithm Based on Local Features",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cai"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1109/vcip.2014.7051610"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-autcon-2024-105714",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Aela\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08267, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "UAV-based studies in railway infrastructure monitoring",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Aela"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105714"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2307-2392383",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tolbert\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Institutional Sources of Change in the Formal Structure of Organizations: The Diffusion of Civil Service Reform, 1880-1935",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tolbert"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1983,
        "doi": "10.2307/2392383"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tit-2025-3545061",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kong\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.01245, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Combinatorial Alphabet-Dependent Bounds for Insdel Codes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kong"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1109/tit.2025.3545061"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3386-w34308",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "LLM Survey Framework: Coverage, Reasoning, Dynamics, Identification",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.3386/w34308"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tpami-2003-1217601",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Loy\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fast Radial Symmetry for Detecting Points of Interest",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Loy"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "doi": "10.1109/tpami.2003.1217601"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00373-019-02056-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Alon-Tarsi number and modulo Alon-Tarsi number of signed graphs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00373-019-02056-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-s23020634",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chaddad\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Survey of Explainable AI Techniques in Healthcare",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chaddad"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.3390/s23020634"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-7554-elife-06604",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08321, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Visual Processing of Informative Multipoint Correlations Arises Primarily in V2",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.7554/elife.06604"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1090-surv-205",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Etingof\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Tensor categories",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Etingof"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1090/surv/205"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3514094-3534137",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Franklin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An Ontology for Fairness Metrics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Franklin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1145/3514094.3534137"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-revmodphys-85-1143",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Marchetti\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00179, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hydrodynamics of soft active matter",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Marchetti"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1103/revmodphys.85.1143"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-cej-2008-06-010",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mahmoodi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06173, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Nonlinear model predictive control of a pH neutralization process based on Wiener--Laguerre model",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mahmoodi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.cej.2008.06.010"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3447548-3467256",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Huang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27767, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Scaling Up Graph Neural Networks Via Graph Coarsening",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Huang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1145/3447548.3467256"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3568813-3600124",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Li\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Am I Wrong, or Is the Autograder Wrong? Effects of AI Grading Mistakes on Learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3568813.3600124"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejor-2022-05-043",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Li\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2508.03708, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Optimizing active surveillance for prostate cancer using partially observable Markov decision processes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejor.2022.05.043"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2020-coling-main-82",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Li\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "DocBank: A Benchmark Dataset for Document Layout Analysis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2020.coling-main.82"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00778-019-00552-1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ratner\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Snorkel: rapid training data creation with weak supervision",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ratner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00778-019-00552-1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijforecast-2022-11-005",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Forecast combinations: An over 50-year review",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijforecast.2022.11.005"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-10556656241312730",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rosero\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Deep Learning-Based Assessment of Lip Symmetry for Patients With Repaired Cleft Lip",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rosero"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1177/10556656241312730"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-jel-20161309",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Neumark\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Experimental Research on Labor Market Discrimination",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Neumark"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1257/jel.20161309"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1538-4616-2012-00534-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lamla\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Role of Media for Inflation Forecast Disagreement of Households and Professional Forecasters",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lamla"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1538-4616.2012.00534.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3658617-3697599",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yoon\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23225, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "ParaFormer: A Hybrid Graph Neural Network and Transformer Approach for Pre-Routing Parasitic RC Prediction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yoon"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3658617.3697599"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3641554-3701934",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kerslake\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Exploring Student Reactions to LLM-Generated Feedback on Explain in Plain English Problems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kerslake"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3641554.3701934"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-patrec-2019-04-013",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Patel\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Reflection Symmetry Aware Image Retargeting",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Patel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.patrec.2019.04.013"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-00401706-2013-830074",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ye\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The inverse Gaussian process as a degradation model",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ye"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1080/00401706.2013.830074"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1587-nolta-13-72",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Duan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23285, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "User pairing using laser chaos decision maker for NOMA systems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Duan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1587/nolta.13.72"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-jqe-1965-1072212",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Arecchi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23285, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Theory of optical maser amplifiers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Arecchi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1965,
        "doi": "10.1109/jqe.1965.1072212"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-37236-12906",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Muhle\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Combinatorics of $(m,n)$-Word Lattices",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Muhle"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.37236/12906"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-aer-20171829",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bohren\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Dynamics of Discrimination: Theory and Evidence",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bohren"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1257/aer.20171829"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3038912-3052660",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zafar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fairness Beyond Disparate Treatment &amp; Disparate Impact: Learning Classification without Disparate Mistreatment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zafar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1145/3038912.3052660"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf01237393",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Foata\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Rearrangements of the symmetric group and enumerative properties of the tangent and secant numbers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Foata"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1974,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf01237393"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-7151-dmgt-2156",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brandt\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Additive list coloring of planar graphs with given girth",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brandt"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.7151/dmgt.2156"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1289-ehp-6334",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"O'Neill\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Health, wealth, and air pollution: advancing theory and methods",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "O'Neill"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "doi": "10.1289/ehp.6334"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icassp48485-2024-10446630",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Baby\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Robust Speaker Personalisation Using Generalized Low-Rank Adaptation for Automatic Speech Recognition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Baby"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10446630"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2022-emnlp-main-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Geva\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23153, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Transformer Feed-Forward Layers Build Predictions by Promoting Concepts in the Vocabulary Space",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Geva"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1054972-1055012",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Grossman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The bubble cursor: enhancing target acquisition by dynamic resizing of the cursor's activation area",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Grossman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1145/1054972.1055012"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-ncomms14905",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cliffe\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08297, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Quantitative 3D analysis of complex single border cell behaviors in coordinated collective cell migration",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cliffe"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1038/ncomms14905"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ssresearch-2007-10-003",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fernandez\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Competing for Jobs: Labor Queues and Gender Sorting in the Hiring Process",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fernandez"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.10.003"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1095034-1095063",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gajos\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Preference elicitation for interface optimization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gajos"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1145/1095034.1095063"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejc-2019-01-010",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Around the $q$-binomial-Eulerian polynomials",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejc.2019.01.010"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-cvpr-2016-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08267, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Generation and Comprehension of Unambiguous Object Descriptions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1109/cvpr.2016.9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1086-230699",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"MacKenzie\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.16078, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Tacit Knowledge, Weapons Design, and the Uninvention of Nuclear Weapons",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "MacKenzie"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1995,
        "doi": "10.1086/230699"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0001-8708-89-90004-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Koike\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the decomposition of tensor products of the representations of the classical groups: by means of the universal characters",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Koike"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1989,
        "doi": "10.1016/0001-8708(89)90004-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-mnsc-2022-4564",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Qi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A practical end-to-end inventory management model with deep learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Qi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1287/mnsc.2022.4564"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3508352-3549384",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23225, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "TAG: Learning Circuit Spatial Embedding From Layouts",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1145/3508352.3549384"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3626252-3630880",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sheard\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Instructor Perceptions of AI Code Generation Tools - A Multi-Institutional Interview Study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sheard"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3626252.3630880"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-dsp-2025-105546",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kim\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04334, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "DBSCAN-based particle Gaussian mixture filters",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kim"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.dsp.2025.105546"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41598-019-55247-y",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sunada\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23285, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Photonic reservoir computing based on nonlinear wave dynamics at microscale",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sunada"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41598-019-55247-y"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3658271-3658337",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Santos\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Impacts of the Usage of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Software Development Process",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Santos"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3658271.3658337"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s10015-007-0436-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Aihara\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00179, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mathematical modeling of frogs' calling behavior and its possible application to artificial life and robotics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Aihara"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10015-007-0436-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jaip-2021-03-039",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Navanandan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Predicting Severe Asthma Exacerbations in Children: Blueprint for Today and Tomorrow",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Navanandan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jaip.2021.03.039"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2021-acl-long-50",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fraser\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08515, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Understanding and Countering Stereotypes: A Computational Approach to the Stereotype Content Model",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fraser"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.50"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tit-2016-2622277",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Otal\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28072, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Additive Rank Metric Codes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Otal"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1109/tit.2016.2622277"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2023-findings-emnlp-508",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Xiong\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23333, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Examining Inter-Consistency of Large Language Models Collaboration: An In-depth Analysis via Debate",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xiong"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.508"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ins-2024-120710",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ding\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bridging Pre-Trained Models to Continual Learning: A Hypernetwork Based Framework with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Techniques",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ding"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ins.2024.120710"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1191-1478088706qp063oa",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Braun\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Braun"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1191/1478088706qp063oa"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2307-2657345",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fernandez\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Sifting and Sorting: Personal Contacts and Hiring in a Retail Bank",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fernandez"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1997,
        "doi": "10.2307/2657345"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1143844-1143891",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Graves\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08236, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Connectionist Temporal Classification: Labelling Unsegmented Sequence Data with Recurrent Neural Networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Graves"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1145/1143844.1143891"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-sf-sot092",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Glass\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "What’s So Special about STEM? A Comparison of Women’s Retention in STEM and Professional Occupations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Glass"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1093/sf/sot092"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejor-2020-05-046",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kourentzes\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Elucidate structure in intermittent demand series",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kourentzes"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejor.2020.05.046"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1371-journal-pdig-0000278",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nazer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bias in artificial intelligence algorithms and recommendations for mitigation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nazer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pdig.0000278"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00029-012-0117-z",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Muthiah\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Affine PBW bases and MV polytopes in rank 2",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Muthiah"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00029-012-0117-z"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00799-021-00304-z",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nentidis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "What is all this new MeSH about?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nentidis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00799-021-00304-z"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-23940-ijpe-17-03-p6-299314",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Shahraki\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Review on Degradation Modelling and Its Engineering Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Shahraki"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.23940/ijpe.17.03.p6.299314"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-job-4030130202",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mael\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Alumni and Their Alma Mater: A Partial Test of the Reformulated Model of Organizational Identification",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mael"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1992,
        "doi": "10.1002/job.4030130202"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1090-s1079-6762-04-00140-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Branden\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Counterexamples to the Neggers-Stanley conjecture",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Branden"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1090/s1079-6762-04-00140-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2307-2393638",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jehn\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Multimethod Examination of the Benefits and Detriments of Intragroup Conflict",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jehn"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1995,
        "doi": "10.2307/2393638"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf02572336",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Stanley\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Flag $f$-vectors and the $cd$-index",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Stanley"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1994,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf02572336"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-opre-49-5-771-10607",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ahuja\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2508.03708, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Inverse Optimization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ahuja"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "doi": "10.1287/opre.49.5.771.10607"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-aje-kwj039",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schisterman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Limitations due to Exposure Detection Limits for Regression Models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schisterman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1093/aje/kwj039"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-biomet-asv008",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A useful variant of the Davis–Kahan theorem for statisticians",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1093/biomet/asv008"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3115-1034678-1034721",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wiebe\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Development and use of a gold-standard data set for subjectivity classifications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wiebe"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.3115/1034678.1034721"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-knosys-2018-03-022",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Goyal\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.01826, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Graph embedding techniques, applications, and performance: A survey",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Goyal"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.knosys.2018.03.022"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-asi-23721",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mayernik\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10781, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Assessing and tracing the outcomes and impact of research infrastructures",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mayernik"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1002/asi.23721"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1090-s0002-9947-09-04776-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Stapledon\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Inequalities and Ehrhart $ $-vectors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Stapledon"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1090/s0002-9947-09-04776-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-10496491-2025-2466591",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pokhrel\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05203, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Are Financial Influencers Helping us with Financial Decision-Making? An Application of Structural Equation Modeling and Artificial Neural Networking Approach",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pokhrel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1080/10496491.2025.2466591"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5539-ibr-v5n10p19",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lee\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender Differences in Voluntary Turnover: Still a Paradox?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lee"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.5539/ibr.v5n10p19"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-physreve-71-026125",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.31414, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Onset of traffic congestion in complex networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1103/physreve.71.026125"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s42256-019-0088-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jobin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Global Landscape of AI Ethics Guidelines",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jobin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1140-epjds-s13688-020-00227-w",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Janosov\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Success and luck in creative careers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Janosov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1140/epjds/s13688-020-00227-w"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2024-acl-long-662",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ahmadian\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23333, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Back to Basics: Revisiting REINFORCE-Style Optimization for Learning from Human Feedback in LLMs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ahmadian"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.662"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3681792",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chuang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fair-RGNN: Mitigating Relational Bias on Knowledge Graphs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chuang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3681792"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1787-26324bc2-en",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"OECD\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05217, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Governing with Artificial Intelligence: Are Governments Ready?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "OECD"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1787/26324bc2-en"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1037-a0037737",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Balliet\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Ingroup Favoritism in Cooperation: A Meta-Analysis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Balliet"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1037/a0037737"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0012-365x-74-90113-7",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Trotter\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Dimension of the crown $S_n^k$",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Trotter"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1974,
        "doi": "10.1016/0012-365x(74)90113-7"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jmva-2005-08-003",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Baik\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Eigenvalues of large sample covariance matrices of spiked population models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Baik"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jmva.2005.08.003"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1215-s0012-7094-97-08715-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Frenkel\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Canonical bases in tensor products and graphical calculus for $U_q(sl_2)$",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Frenkel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1997,
        "doi": "10.1215/s0012-7094-97-08715-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-9780470755679-ch15",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bourdieu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Forms of Capital",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bourdieu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2002,
        "doi": "10.1002/9780470755679.ch15"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2023-findings-acl-779",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mosbach\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Few-Shot Fine-tuning vs. In-context Learning: A Fair Comparison and Evaluation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mosbach"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.779"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1871985-1871993",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Classifying Latent User Attributes in Twitter",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1145/1871985.1871993"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-1906995116",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Champion\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Data-driven discovery of coordinates and governing equations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Champion"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1906995116"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-knosys-2022-109603",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Multi-Task Prediction Method of Business Process Based on BERT and Transfer Learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.knosys.2022.109603"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1467-8659-2009-01410-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bokeloh\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Symmetry Detection Using Feature Lines",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bokeloh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01410.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-2317967121",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hagendorff\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Deception abilities emerged in large language models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hagendorff"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2317967121"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-disc-2024-113975",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zheng\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00691, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Spectral conditions for graphs having all (fractional) [a,b]-factors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zheng"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.disc.2024.113975"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tits-2024-3422039",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Telikani\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08267, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Machine Learning for UAV-Aided ITS: A Review With Comparative Study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Telikani"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1109/tits.2024.3422039"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3195970-3196012",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jain\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Compensated-DNN: energy efficient low-precision deep neural networks by compensating quantization errors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jain"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1145/3195970.3196012"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-electronics13245040",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Han\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Review of Large Language Models: Fundamental Architectures, Key Technological Evolutions, Interdisciplinary Technologies Integration, Optimization and Compression Techniques, Applications, and Challenges",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Han"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.3390/electronics13245040"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijforecast-2015-12-004",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kolassa\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evaluating predictive count data distributions in retail sales forecasting",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kolassa"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijforecast.2015.12.004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-pl00011099",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mezard\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.30261, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Bethe Lattice Spin Glass Revisited",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mezard"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "doi": "10.1007/pl00011099"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00799-022-00325-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Boros\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10781, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Assessing the impact of OCR noise on multilingual event detection over digitised documents",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Boros"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00799-022-00325-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tse-2016-2521368",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wong\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05871, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Survey on Software Fault Localization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wong"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1109/tse.2016.2521368"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-patter-2021-100222",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Katz\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Taking a fresh look at FAIR for research software",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Katz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.patter.2021.100222"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1088-2515-7647-abf6bd",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Porte\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23285, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A complete, parallel and autonomous photonic neural network in a semiconductor multimode laser",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Porte"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1088/2515-7647/abf6bd"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-37236-772",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Barajas\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27941, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The lonely runner with seven runners",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Barajas"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.37236/772"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-1-4471-5102-9-242-1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Darby\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06173, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Industrial MPC of Continuous Processes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Darby"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4471-5102-9_242-1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-10704282-34",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Smith\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Accurate Robust Symmetry Estimation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Smith"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.1007/10704282_34"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0001839216639577",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Whitened Résumés: Race and Self-Presentation in the Labor Market",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1177/0001839216639577"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-b978-0-12-822927-9-00010-0",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fuster\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Survey experiments on economic expectations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fuster"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/b978-0-12-822927-9.00010-0"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3613904-3642773",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kazemitabaar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05808, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "CodeAid: Evaluating a Classroom Deployment of an LLM-based Programming Assistant that Balances Student and Educator Needs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kazemitabaar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3613904.3642773"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-kse59128-2023-10299485",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Thwe\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender Bias Analysis in Commonsense Knowledge Graph Embeddings",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Thwe"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1109/kse59128.2023.10299485"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-jep-24-2-129",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Niederle\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Explaining the Gender Gap in Math Test Scores: The Role of Competition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Niederle"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1257/jep.24.2.129"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1371-journal-pone-0178090",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Su\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "MBR-SIFT: A Mirror Reflected Invariant Feature Descriptor Using a Binary Representation for Image Matching",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Su"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0178090"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jpaa-2018-09-014",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Queffelec\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mixed quantum skew Howe duality and link invariants of type $A$",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Queffelec"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jpaa.2018.09.014"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0146167299025004002",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cejka\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender-Stereotypic Images of Occupations Correspond to the Sex Segregation of Employment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cejka"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.1177/0146167299025004002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-chb-2015-02-017",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chiang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Self-Presentation and Hiring Recommendations in Online Communities: Lessons from LinkedIn",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chiang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.017"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3502718-3524789",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lojo\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Teaching Test-Writing As a Variably-Scaffolded Programming Pattern",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lojo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1145/3502718.3524789"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3233-sw-210441",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Candela\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.11182, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Shape Expression approach for assessing the quality of Linked Open Data in Libraries",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Candela"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.3233/sw-210441"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1198-tech-2009-08197",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An inverse Gaussian process model for degradation data",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1198/tech.2009.08197"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1214-aoms-1177706717",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Olkin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Unbiased Estimation of Certain Correlation Coefficients",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Olkin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1958,
        "doi": "10.1214/aoms/1177706717"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3715108",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mo\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Assessing and Analyzing the Correctness of GitHub Copilot's Code Suggestions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3715108"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-37236-2025",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Elizalde\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fixed points and excedances in restricted permutations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Elizalde"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.37236/2025"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf01221793",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Day\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Congruence normality: The characterization of the doubling class of convex sets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Day"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1994,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf01221793"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1098-rsta-2016-0460",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pretis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17946, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Uncertain impacts on economic growth when stabilizing global temperatures at 1.5 or 2 warming",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pretis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1098/rsta.2016.0460"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-disc-2018-03-027",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kim\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A sufficient condition for DP-4-colorability",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kim"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.disc.2018.03.027"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-161468-161469",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Herlihy\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23075, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Methodology for Implementing Highly Concurrent Data Objects",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Herlihy"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1993,
        "doi": "10.1145/161468.161469"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tit-1982-1056489",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lloyd\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Least squares quantization in PCM",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lloyd"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1982,
        "doi": "10.1109/tit.1982.1056489"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3378539-3393862",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Böhm\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Analysing Gender Bias in IT Job Postings: A Pre-Study Based on Samples from the German Job Market",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Böhm"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1145/3378539.3393862"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2020-findings-emnlp-158",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Will This Idea Spread Beyond Academia? Understanding Knowledge Transfer of Scientific Concepts across Text Corpora",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.158"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ifacol-2021-08-292",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Savage\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06173, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Model-free safe reinforcement learning for chemical processes using Gaussian processes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Savage"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.292"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-ajps-12626",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fishman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27968, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Change we can believe in: Structural and content dynamics within belief networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fishman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1111/ajps.12626"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tpami-2018-2889774",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Advances in Variational Inference",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1109/tpami.2018.2889774"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-cvpr-2019-00652",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08236, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "EV-Gait: Event-Based Robust Gait Recognition Using Dynamic Vision Sensors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1109/cvpr.2019.00652"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-1118633109",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bialek\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00179, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Statistical mechanics for natural flocks of birds",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bialek"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1118633109"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-focs63196-2025-00076",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Learning quantum Gibbs states locally and efficiently",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1109/focs63196.2025.00076"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2020-findings-emnlp-428",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cachola\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "TLDR: Extreme Summarization of Scientific Documents",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cachola"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.428"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3386-w22014",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bertrand\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Field Experiments on Discrimination",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bertrand"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.3386/w22014"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-9708-jksci-2015-20-9-031",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Won\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An Acceleration Method for Symmetry Detection using Edge Segmentation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Won"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.9708/jksci.2015.20.9.031"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0001839217694358",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Botelho\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Pursuing Quality: How Search Costs and Uncertainty Magnify Gender-based Double Standards in a Multistage Evaluation Process",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Botelho"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1177/0001839217694358"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-dib-2024-110690",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Arnob\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "IndicDialogue: A dataset of subtitles in 10 Indic languages for Indic language modeling",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Arnob"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.dib.2024.110690"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1167-17-12-5",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wallis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08321, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Parametric Texture Model Based on Deep Convolutional Features Closely Matches Texture Appearance for Humans",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wallis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1167/17.12.5"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-14786451-2020-1716757",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Holmér\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Impacts of thermal energy storage on the management of variable demand and production in electricity and district heating systems: a Swedish case study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Holmér"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1080/14786451.2020.1716757"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5201-ipol-2019-270",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dalitz\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Gradient Product Transform: An Image Filter for Symmetry Detection",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dalitz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.5201/ipol.2019.270"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-w19-5006",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Peng\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Transfer Learning in Biomedical Natural Language Processing: An Evaluation of BERT and ELMo on Ten Benchmarking Datasets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Peng"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/w19-5006"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1609-aies-v7i1-31745",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wei\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.18687, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "How Do AI Companies ``Fine-Tune'' Policy? Examining Regulatory Capture in AI Governance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wei"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1609/aies.v7i1.31745"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1088-2753-3751-ad6dfc",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kittel\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Measuring the Dunkelflaute: how (not) to analyze variable renewable energy shortage",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kittel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1088/2753-3751/ad6dfc"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-mnsc-2018-3093",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lambrecht\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Algorithmic Bias? An Empirical Study of Apparent Gender-Based Discrimination in the Display of STEM Career Ads",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lambrecht"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1287/mnsc.2018.3093"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-energy-2016-12-034",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ganjehkaviri\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Genetic algorithm for optimization of energy systems: Solution uniqueness, accuracy, Pareto convergence and dimension reduction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ganjehkaviri"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.034"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-mnsc-2018-3245",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Goldstein\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Learning When to Stop Searching",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Goldstein"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1287/mnsc.2018.3245"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-esr-2019-100388",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tröndle\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Home-made or imported: On the possibility for renewable electricity autarky on all scales in Europe",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tröndle"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.esr.2019.100388"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-apenergy-2020-116348",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mouli-Castillo\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mapping geological hydrogen storage capacity and regional heating demands: An applied UK case study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mouli-Castillo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116348"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3694906-3743331",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gilman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23115, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "ReFINE: A Reactive and Fine-Grained Scheduling Framework For Concurrency on General Purpose GPUs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gilman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3694906.3743331"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1006-redy-1998-0056",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Smith\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.18229, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Search, Concave Production, and Optimal Firm Size",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Smith"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.1006/redy.1998.0056"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-j5010010",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sovrano\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Metrics, Explainability and the European AI Act Proposal",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sovrano"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.3390/j5010010"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-compchemeng-2024-108708",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06173, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Disturbance rejection design for Gaussian process-based model predictive control using extended state observer",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.compchemeng.2024.108708"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ipl-2011-11-002",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ahadi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Computation of lucky number of planar graphs is NP-hard",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ahadi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ipl.2011.11.002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-bioinformatics-btaa837",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"You\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "BERTMeSH: deep contextual representation learning for large-scale high-performance MeSH indexing with full text",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "You"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa837"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-2783258-2783381",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"McAuley\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Inferring networks of substitutable and complementary products",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "McAuley"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1145/2783258.2783381"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-23919-fusion52260-2023-10224227",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Popov\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04334, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Ensemble Gaussian Mixture Filtering with Particle-localized Covariances",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Popov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.23919/fusion52260.2023.10224227"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41598-022-10909-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Martins\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Universality of political corruption networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Martins"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41598-022-10909-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1787-b5fd1b8f-en",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"OECD\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.21140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "PISA 2018 results (Volume II): Where all students can succeed",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "OECD"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1787/b5fd1b8f-en"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-37236-5123",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Perarnau\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27941, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Correlation among runners and some results on the Lonely Runner Conjecture",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Perarnau"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.37236/5123"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-restud-rdx010",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dávila\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.18747, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Pecuniary Externalities in Economies with Financial Frictions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dávila"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1093/restud/rdx010"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-patcog-2022-108667",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nguyen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Reflection Symmetry Detection of Shapes Based on Shape Signatures",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nguyen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.patcog.2022.108667"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-bs-hesbe-2018-11-002",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Benjamin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Errors in probabilistic reasoning and judgment biases",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Benjamin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/bs.hesbe.2018.11.002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf01456961",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Konig\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Uber Graphen und ihre Anwendung auf Determinantentheorie und Mengenlehre",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Konig"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1916,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf01456961"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-smj-1955",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dezsö\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Does Female Representation in Top Management Improve Firm Performance? A Panel Data Investigation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dezsö"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1002/smj.1955"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0167-2681-87-90023-0",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Davis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Maximal Quality Selection and Discrimination in Employment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Davis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1987,
        "doi": "10.1016/0167-2681(87)90023-0"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-aim-2018-07-008",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Marietti\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The combinatorial invariance conjecture for parabolic Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials of lower intervals",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Marietti"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aim.2018.07.008"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-nature08227",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Scheffer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.31414, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Early-warning signals for critical transitions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Scheffer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1038/nature08227"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00224-010-9260-0",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the Complexity of Matroid Isomorphism Problem",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00224-010-9260-0"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3233-sw-190386",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hyvonen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.11182, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Using the Semantic Web in digital humanities: Shift from data publishing to data-analysis and serendipitous knowledge discovery",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hyvonen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.3233/sw-190386"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2200-s00516ed2v01y201306cac024",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Barroso\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.05420, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Barroso"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.2200/s00516ed2v01y201306cac024"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-pandp-20201034",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Athey\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Allocation of Decision Authority to Human and Artificial Intelligence",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Athey"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1257/pandp.20201034"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00222-003-0327-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Feichtner\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Chow rings of toric varieties defined by atomic lattices",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Feichtner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00222-003-0327-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-smj-461",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cho\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.18227, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Relationship between innovativeness, quality, growth, profitability, and market value",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cho"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1002/smj.461"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-engappai-2023-107028",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tavares\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Trace Encoding in Process Mining: A Survey and Benchmarking",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tavares"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.engappai.2023.107028"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icmi65310-2025-11141320",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"DiCuffa\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.06074, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Exploring Prompt Patterns in AI-Assisted Code Generation: Towards Faster and More Effective Developer-AI Collaboration",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "DiCuffa"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1109/icmi65310.2025.11141320"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tnnls-2022-3172365",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Giloni\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "BENN: Bias Estimation Using a Deep Neural Network",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Giloni"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1109/tnnls.2022.3172365"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jcta-2022-105665",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials of fan matroids, wheel matroids, and whirl matroids",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jcta.2022.105665"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3297858-3304019",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Banerjee\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "AcMC (^2 ): Accelerating Markov Chain Monte Carlo Algorithms for Probabilistic Models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Banerjee"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1145/3297858.3304019"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2025-americasnlp-1-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brixey\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Does a code-switching dialogue system help users learn conversational fluency in Choctaw?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brixey"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2025.americasnlp-1.2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-apenergy-2024-124101",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Steinbach\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14186, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Enabling electric mobility: can photovoltaic and home battery systems significantly reduce grid reinforcement costs?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Steinbach"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124101"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejc-2011-08-005",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Shin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The symmetric and unimodal expansion of Eulerian polynomials via continued fractions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Shin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejc.2011.08.005"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-s0140-6736-24-00933-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Collaborators\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04215, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990--2021",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Collaborators"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00933-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1088-1742-6596-2600-5-052002",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mennel\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Decarbonising energy supply: the potential impact on district heating networks of the integration of thermal energy storage and substitution of peak load with base load",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mennel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1088/1742-6596/2600/5/052002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1371-journal-pone-0038869",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yasseri\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Dynamics of Conflicts in Wikipedia",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yasseri"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0038869"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-imrn-rnad001",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pagaria\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hodge theory for polymatroids",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pagaria"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1093/imrn/rnad001"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3629527-3651419",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Niewenhuis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.05420, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "FootPrinter: Quantifying Data Center Carbon Footprint",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Niewenhuis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3629527.3651419"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2139-ssrn-4589777",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Andre\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mental Models of the Stock Market",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Andre"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4589777"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-00401706-1980-10486173",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lawless\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Inference in the Generalized Gamma and Log Gamma Distributions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lawless"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1980,
        "doi": "10.1080/00401706.1980.10486173"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1513-annalsats-201804-273oc",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"James\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Health Services Utilization in Asthma Exacerbations and PM10 Levels in Rural Colorado",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "James"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1513/annalsats.201804-273oc"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3233-sw-150175",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zaveri\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.11182, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Quality assessment for Linked Data: A Survey",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zaveri"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.3233/sw-150175"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3457607",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mehrabi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mehrabi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1145/3457607"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijforecast-2011-03-009",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Snyder\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Forecasting the intermittent demand for slow-moving inventories: A modelling approach",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Snyder"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijforecast.2011.03.009"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-52202-079017-2359",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ekambaram\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23146, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Tiny Time Mixers (TTMs): Fast Pre-trained Models for Enhanced Zero/Few-Shot Forecasting of Multivariate Time Series",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ekambaram"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.52202/079017-2359"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-adapen-2024-100174",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Stute\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14186, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Assessing the conditions for economic viability of dynamic electricity retail tariffs for households",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Stute"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.adapen.2024.100174"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1367497-1367583",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Automatically Refining the Wikipedia Infobox Ontology",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1145/1367497.1367583"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-24963-ijcai-2025-934",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05052, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "EAVIT: efficient and accurate human value identification from text data via LLMs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.24963/ijcai.2025/934"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-mci-2018-2840738",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Young\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Recent Trends in Deep Learning Based Natural Language Processing [Review Article]",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Young"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1109/mci.2018.2840738"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1090-s0002-9947-08-04458-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brenti\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Parabolic Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for Hermitian symmetric pairs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brenti"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1090/s0002-9947-08-04458-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1090-proc-14608",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Xie\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Equivariant Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials of thagomizer matroids",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xie"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1090/proc/14608"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0012-365x-81-90203-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kelly\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the dimension of partially ordered sets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kelly"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1981,
        "doi": "10.1016/0012-365x(81)90203-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0022-247x-92-90261-b",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wagner\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Total positivity of Hadamard products",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wagner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1992,
        "doi": "10.1016/0022-247x(92)90261-b"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-respol-2011-05-003",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Helmers\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.18227, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Does patenting help high-tech start-ups?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Helmers"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.respol.2011.05.003"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2298-aadm1701081n",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nikiforov\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00691, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Merging the $A$- and $Q$-spectral theories",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nikiforov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.2298/aadm1701081n"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-319-51963-0-17",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kratsch\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.30261, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Enumerating Minimal Tropical Connected Sets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kratsch"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-51963-0_17"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0165551520950246",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Candela\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.11182, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Reusing digital collections from GLAM institutions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Candela"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1177/0165551520950246"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf00383950",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Markowsky\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Primes, irreducibles and extremal lattices",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Markowsky"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1992,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf00383950"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-03610918-2017-1280162",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Duan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Inverse Gaussian process models for bivariate degradation analysis: A Bayesian perspective",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Duan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1080/03610918.2017.1280162"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-patcog-2020-107483",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nagar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "3DSymm: Robust and Accurate 3D Reflection Symmetry Detection",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nagar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.patcog.2020.107483"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-s0006-3223-99-00071-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pearlson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Structural brain imaging in schizophrenia: a selective review",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pearlson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00071-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1017-s1431927620024320",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Willemse\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mathematical Mirroring for Identification of Local Symmetry Centers in Microscopic Images Local Symmetry Detection in FIJI",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Willemse"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1017/s1431927620024320"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1023-a-1011279130416",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Billey\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for 321-hexagon-avoiding permutations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Billey"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "doi": "10.1023/a:1011279130416"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5465-amj-2018-1280",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"He\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Covering in Cover Letters: Gender and Self-Presentation in Job Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "He"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.5465/amj.2018.1280"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3102-0013189x19831006",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Riegle-Crumb\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Does STEM Stand Out? Examining Racial/Ethnic Gaps in Persistence Across Postsecondary Fields",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Riegle-Crumb"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.3102/0013189x19831006"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icdm54844-2022-00169",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.01826, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Two Sides of the Same Coin: Heterophily and Oversmoothing in Graph Convolutional Neural Networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1109/icdm54844.2022.00169"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2023-eacl-main-148",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Muennighoff\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05217, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Muennighoff"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.eacl-main.148"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3758-s13428-016-0782-5",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Vaci\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Chess databases as a research vehicle in psychology: Modeling large data",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Vaci"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.3758/s13428-016-0782-5"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1126-science-adh9429",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Agrawal\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.16078, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Do We Want Less Automation?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Agrawal"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1126/science.adh9429"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-aam-2023-102573",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An involution on restricted Laguerre histories and its applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aam.2023.102573"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-labeco-2012-08-004",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jacquemet\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Indiscriminate Discrimination: A Correspondence Test for Ethnic Homophily in the Chicago Labor Market",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jacquemet"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.labeco.2012.08.004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s40745-015-0040-1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Xu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Comprehensive Survey of Clustering Algorithms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1007/s40745-015-0040-1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-319-48680-2-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Elawady\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Global Bilateral Symmetry Detection Using Multiscale Mirror Histograms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Elawady"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-48680-2_2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-labeco-2014-06-005",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Azmat\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender and the Labor Market: What Have We Learned from Field and Lab Experiments?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Azmat"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.labeco.2014.06.005"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-sigpro-2015-09-027",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.12293, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "DeepChart: Combining deep convolutional networks and deep belief networks in chart classification",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.sigpro.2015.09.027"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jcta-2023-105799",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Byrne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28072, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Weighted Subspace Designs from $q$-Polymatroids",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jcta.2023.105799"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-d18-1206",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Narayan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Don’t Give Me the Details, Just the Summary! Topic-Aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Extreme Summarization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Narayan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/d18-1206"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2023-findings-ijcnlp-22",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chavan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "My Boli: Code-mixed Marathi-English Corpora, Pretrained Language Models and Evaluation Benchmarks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chavan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.findings-ijcnlp.22"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-ajps-12717",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Groenendyk\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27968, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "How Norms Shape the Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Groenendyk"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1111/ajps.12717"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3568812-3603476",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Phung\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Generative AI for Programming Education: Benchmarking ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Human Tutors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Phung"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3568812.3603476"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-sim-2375",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Balakrishnan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Generalized gamma frailty model",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Balakrishnan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1002/sim.2375"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3178876-3186044",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Short-term Intervention for Long-term Fairness in the Labor Market",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1145/3178876.3186044"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-35079151",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lawrence\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lawrence"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "doi": "10.1038/35079151"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1140-epjds-s13688-024-00472-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zappalà\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Early career wins and tournament prestige characterize tennis players’ trajectories",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zappalà"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00472-3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf00985762",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Whitmore\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Estimating degradation by a Wiener diffusion process subject to measurement error",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Whitmore"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1995,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf00985762"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s10801-008-0150-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Petersen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Promotion and cyclic sieving via webs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Petersen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10801-008-0150-3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-energy-2017-06-004",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schlachtberger\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The benefits of cooperation in a highly renewable European electricity network",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schlachtberger"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-econlet-2010-01-034",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Booth\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Do Employers Discriminate by Gender? A Field Experiment in Female-Dominated Occupations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Booth"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.econlet.2010.01.034"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1017-pan-2023-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Argyle\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Out of One, Many: Using Language Models to Simulate Human Samples",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Argyle"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1017/pan.2023.2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-cvpr46437-2021-00635",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "AttentiveNAS: Improving Neural Architecture Search via Attentive Sampling",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00635"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-jiot-2021-3072893",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.31782, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Probabilistic Modeling of Information Dynamics in Networked Cyber-Physical-Social Systems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1109/jiot.2021.3072893"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-d41586-023-01295-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Spirling\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Why open-source generative AI models are an ethical way forward for science",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Spirling"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1038/d41586-023-01295-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1108-02635571211193617",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Periodic Performance Prediction for Real-time Business Process Monitoring",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1108/02635571211193617"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jbankfin-2024-107377",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bro\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Subjective expectations and house prices",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bro"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jbankfin.2024.107377"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-2623330-2623732",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Perozzi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.01826, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "DeepWalk: Online Learning of Social Representations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Perozzi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1145/2623330.2623732"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-cell-2023-11-041",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schmitt\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Machine learning interpretable models of cell mechanics from protein images",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schmitt"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.041"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-4007-annals-2020-192-3-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Branden\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Lorentzian polynomials",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Branden"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.4007/annals.2020.192.3.4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3308560-3320101",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gummadi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Economic Theories of Distributive Justice for Fair Machine Learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gummadi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1145/3308560.3320101"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tpami-2025-3579469",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08267, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Unsupervised Pre-Training With Language-Vision Prompts for Low-Data Instance Segmentation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1109/tpami.2025.3579469"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tpami-2025-3630635",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Xiao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08267, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Toward visual grounding: A survey",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xiao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "doi": "10.1109/tpami.2025.3630635"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-37236-12218",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Athanasiadis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Two classes of posets with real-rooted chain polynomials",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Athanasiadis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.37236/12218"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-n19-1219",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hua\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Argument Mining for Understanding Peer Reviews",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hua"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/n19-1219"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1090-gsm-034",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Helgason\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Differential geometry, Lie groups, and symmetric spaces",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Helgason"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "doi": "10.1090/gsm/034"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-inffus-2021-01-008",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Holzinger\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Towards multi-modal causability with Graph Neural Networks enabling information fusion for explainable AI",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Holzinger"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.inffus.2021.01.008"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-jel-20171300",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Coibion\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Formation of Expectations, Inflation, and the Phillips Curve",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Coibion"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1257/jel.20171300"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-joule-2023-06-016",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Neumann\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The potential role of a hydrogen network in Europe",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Neumann"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.016"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5070-c63160425",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Athanasiadis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Chain enumeration, partition lattices and polynomials with only real roots",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Athanasiadis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.5070/c63160425"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-mineng-2006-08-015",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Maldonado\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06173, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Optimal control of a rougher flotation process based on dynamic programming",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Maldonado"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.mineng.2006.08.015"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3631802-3631830",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liffiton\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Codehelp: Using Large Language Models with Guardrails for Scalable Support in Programming Classes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liffiton"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3631802.3631830"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-health-2022-100050",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"AlSaad\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Predicting emergency department utilization among children with asthma using deep learning models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "AlSaad"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.health.2022.100050"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1017-cbo9780511803161",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pearl\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pearl"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1017/cbo9780511803161"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1112-jlms-12386",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jensen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The motivic zeta functions of a matroid",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jensen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1112/jlms.12386"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-1-4613-8431-1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ziegler\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Lectures on polytopes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ziegler"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1995,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4613-8431-1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1090-s0002-9947-2013-05860-6",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Sign sequences and decomposition numbers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1090/s0002-9947-2013-05860-6"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0273-2297-81-90019-8",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gall\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Help-seeking: An Understudied Problem-solving Skill in Children",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gall"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1981,
        "doi": "10.1016/0273-2297(81)90019-8"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf00337138",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Caelli\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08321, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On Perceptual Analyzers Underlying Visual Texture Discrimination: Part I",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Caelli"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1978,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf00337138"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1142-s0219525900000078",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Deffuant\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05132, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mixing beliefs among interacting agents",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Deffuant"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "doi": "10.1142/s0219525900000078"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf02589501",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hodges\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The significance probability of the smirnov two-sample test",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hodges"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1958,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf02589501"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-aer-20150157",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chari\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.18747, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bailouts, Time Inconsistency, and Optimal Regulation: A Macroeconomic View",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chari"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1257/aer.20150157"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-cvpr-2009-5206848",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Deng\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.12293, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Deng"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206848"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3389-fpsyg-2016-00335",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hubner\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Comparison of Objective Measures for Predicting Perceptual Balance and Visual Aesthetic Preference",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hubner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00335"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-econmod-2025-107082",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ahmadi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17946, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Climate shocks, economic activity and cross-country spillovers: Evidence from a new global model",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ahmadi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.econmod.2025.107082"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-enpol-2018-09-026",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Say\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14186, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The coming disruption: The movement towards the customer renewable energy transition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Say"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.enpol.2018.09.026"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jctb-2021-07-004",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The inverse Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial of a matroid",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jctb.2021.07.004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5465-amj-2015-0195",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Leslie\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Why and When Does the Gender Gap Reverse? Diversity Goals and the Pay Premium for High Potential Women",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Leslie"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.5465/amj.2015.0195"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2307-2118480",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schotter\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Asymmetric Tournaments, Equal Opportunity Laws, and Affirmative Action: Some Experimental Results",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schotter"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1992,
        "doi": "10.2307/2118480"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-002194368602300205",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Smeltzer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender Differences in Managerial Communication: Fact or Folk-linguistics?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Smeltzer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1986,
        "doi": "10.1177/002194368602300205"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-physrevx-5-021028",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Montbrio\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00179, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Macroscopic Description for Networks of Spiking Neurons",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Montbrio"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1103/physrevx.5.021028"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-001979397703000204",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Aigner\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Statistical Theories of Discrimination in Labor Markets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Aigner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1977,
        "doi": "10.1177/001979397703000204"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1186-1471-2105-8-423",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "PubMed related articles: a probabilistic topic-based model for content similarity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-8-423"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-2316205120",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The emergence of economic rationality of GPT",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2316205120"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3519935-3520024",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dinur\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00292, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Locally Testable Codes with Constant Rate, Distance, and Locality",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dinur"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1145/3519935.3520024"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1137-080716219",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Speyer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Tropical linear spaces",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Speyer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1137/080716219"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-challe6010117",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Andrae\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.05420, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On global electricity usage of communication technology: trends to 2030",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Andrae"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.3390/challe6010117"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-00224065-2024-2402850",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhuang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Multivariate reparameterized inverse Gaussian processes with common effects for degradation-based reliability prediction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhuang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1080/00224065.2024.2402850"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-icpr-2006-479",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Neubeck\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10781, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Efficient Non-Maximum Suppression",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Neubeck"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1109/icpr.2006.479"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-b978-0-12-822927-9-00012-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"D'Acunto\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "What Do the Data Tell Us About Inflation Expectations?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "D'Acunto"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/b978-0-12-822927-9.00012-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1063-1-5022074",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nozaki\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23285, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Forward-biased nanophotonic detector for ultralow-energy dissipation receiver",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nozaki"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1063/1.5022074"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3373165-3373169",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rigby\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Miss is as Good as a Mile: Off-By-One Errors and Arrays in an Introductory Programming Course",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rigby"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1145/3373165.3373169"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1076034-1076091",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Viola\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Learning to extract information from semi-structured text using a discriminative context free grammar",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Viola"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1145/1076034.1076091"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0022-314x-84-90097-0",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cusick\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27941, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "View-obstruction problems, III",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cusick"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1984,
        "doi": "10.1016/0022-314x(84)90097-0"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1017-s1743921316002696",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dorch\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The data sharing advantage in astrophysics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dorch"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1017/s1743921316002696"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf01390009",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Springer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Trigonometric sums, Green functions of finite groups and representations of Weyl groups",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Springer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1976,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf01390009"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1088-1367-2630-17-9-093017",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hamiltonian tomography for quantum many-body systems with arbitrary couplings",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/17/9/093017"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1088-1367-2630-14-10-103013",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Granade\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Robust online Hamiltonian learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Granade"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/14/10/103013"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00031-014-9257-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Douglass\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Equivariant $K$-theory of generalized Steinberg varieties",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Douglass"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00031-014-9257-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jcta-2020-105214",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Athanasiadis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Binomial Eulerian polynomials for colored permutations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Athanasiadis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jcta.2020.105214"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ijpe-2010-09-021",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhou\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Comparison of a new bootstrapping method with parametric approaches for safety stock determination in service parts inventory systems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhou"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.09.021"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1466-822x-2005-00147-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Diniz‐Filho\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.05450, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Modelling geographical patterns in species richness using eigenvector-based spatial filters",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Diniz‐Filho"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1466-822x.2005.00147.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1090-conm-764-15355",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bayer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The $cd$-index: a survey",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bayer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1090/conm/764/15355"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-d41586-024-00478-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Crawford\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.05420, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Generative AI’s Environmental Costs Are Soaring — and Mostly Secret",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Crawford"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1038/d41586-024-00478-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-pandp-20201036",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rambachan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An Economic Perspective on Algorithmic Fairness",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rambachan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1257/pandp.20201036"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3701716-3717527",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.06074, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "One Size doesn't Fit All: A Personalized Conversational Tutoring Agent for Mathematics Instruction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3701716.3717527"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jcta-2025-106034",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Han\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Distribution of maxima and minima statistics on alternating permutations, Springer numbers, and avoidance of flat POPs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Han"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106034"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-isre-2014-0558",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Joseph\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Turnover or Turnaway? Competing Risks Analysis of Male and Female IT Professionals’ Job Mobility and Relative Pay Gap",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Joseph"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1287/isre.2014.0558"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-cbms-2019-00045",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nentidis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Beyond MeSH: Fine-Grained Semantic Indexing of Biomedical Literature Based on Weak Supervision",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nentidis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1109/cbms.2019.00045"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1371-journal-pone-0017249",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Radicchi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Who Is the Best Player Ever? A Complex Network Analysis of the History of Professional Tennis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Radicchi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0017249"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-p18-2124",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rajpurkar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.16078, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for SQuAD",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rajpurkar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/p18-2124"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5244-c-22-38",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cui\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An Image Quality Metric Based on Corner, Edge and Symmetry Maps",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cui"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.5244/c.22.38"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-wacv-2018-00168",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nigam\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08267, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Ensemble knowledge transfer for semantic segmentation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nigam"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1109/wacv.2018.00168"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3386-w26484",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"He\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Leaning In or Not Leaning Out? Opt-Out Choice Framing Attenuates Gender Differences in the Decision to Compete",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "He"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.3386/w26484"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-aim-2010-03-004",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Iyama\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Cluster tilting for higher Auslander algebras",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Iyama"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aim.2010.03.004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1006-jctb-1995-1011",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Galvin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The list chromatic index of a bipartite multigraph",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Galvin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1995,
        "doi": "10.1006/jctb.1995.1011"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-knosys-2022-108900",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Singh\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23242, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Knowing What to Say: Towards knowledge grounded code-mixed response generation for open-domain conversations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Singh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.knosys.2022.108900"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-662-48993-2-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zorich\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.19013, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "*Differential Calculus from a More General Point of View",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zorich"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-662-48993-2_2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-crv60082-2023-00020",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Edalati\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Generalized Kronecker-based Adapters for Parameter-efficient Fine-tuning of Vision Transformers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Edalati"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1109/crv60082.2023.00020"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1515-nanoph-2022-0440",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hasegawa\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23285, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Parallel and Deep Reservoir Computing Using Semiconductor Lasers With Optical Feedback",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hasegawa"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1515/nanoph-2022-0440"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2307-1556374",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Richard\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Racial Diversity, Business Strategy, and Firm Performance: A Resource-Based View",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Richard"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "doi": "10.2307/1556374"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3632620-3671116",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Prather\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05808, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Widening Gap: The Benefits and Harms of Generative AI for Novice Programmers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Prather"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3632620.3671116"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3724389-3730786",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Scholl\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "SCRIPT - Supportive Chatbot for Resolving Introductory Programming Tasks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Scholl"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3724389.3730786"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-w19-5034",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Neumann\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "ScispaCy: Fast and Robust Models for Biomedical Natural Language Processing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Neumann"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/w19-5034"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-4284-sej-2009-76-1-16",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dickinson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Statistical Discrimination in Labor Markets: An Experimental Analysis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dickinson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.4284/sej.2009.76.1.16"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s41467-020-16185-w",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yeh\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08281, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Using publicly available satellite imagery and deep learning to understand economic well-being in Africa",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yeh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41467-020-16185-w"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-11744047-39",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Loy\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Detecting Symmetry and Symmetric Constellations of Features",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Loy"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1007/11744047_39"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-1-4757-3071-5",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Robert\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.05324, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Monte Carlo Statistical Methods",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Robert"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4757-3071-5"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-000282805774670149",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bettinger\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Do Faculty Serve as Role Models? The Impact of Instructor Gender on Female Students",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bettinger"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1257/000282805774670149"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3491101-3503564",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jiang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "PromptMaker: Prompt-based Prototyping with Large Language Models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jiang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1145/3491101.3503564"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tkde-2018-2807452",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cai\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.01826, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Comprehensive Survey of Graph Embedding: Problems, Techniques, and Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cai"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1109/tkde.2018.2807452"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1126-science-aax2342",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Obermeyer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Obermeyer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1126/science.aax2342"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2021-naacl-main-335",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Shen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "TaxoClass: Hierarchical Multi-Label Text Classification Using Only Class Names",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Shen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.335"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1214-25-ss152",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23226, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Score-based diffusion models via stochastic differential equations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1214/25-ss152"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-asspcc-2000-882463",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04334, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The unscented Kalman filter for nonlinear estimation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wan"
          }
        ],
        "doi": "10.1109/asspcc.2000.882463"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-jep-21-3-59",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Skinner\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.17624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Are You Sure You're Saving Enough for Retirement?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Skinner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1257/jep.21.3.59"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-46298-dmtcs-2151",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"d'Auriac\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.30261, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Connected Tropical Subgraphs in Vertex-Colored Graphs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "d'Auriac"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.46298/dmtcs.2151"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jcta-2006-04-001",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Steingrimsson\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Permutation tableaux and permutation patterns",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Steingrimsson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jcta.2006.04.001"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-qje-qjw029",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bordalo\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Stereotypes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bordalo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1093/qje/qjw029"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1023-a-1026543900054",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rubner\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05052, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The earth mover's distance as a metric for image retrieval",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rubner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "doi": "10.1023/a:1026543900054"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1021-es071301c",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Antweiler\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evaluation of Statistical Treatments of Left-Censored Environmental Data using Coincident Uncensored Data Sets: I. Summary Statistics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Antweiler"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1021/es071301c"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-physrevlett-87-024101",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nikitin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00179, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Collective Dynamics of Two-Mode Stochastic Oscillators",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nikitin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "doi": "10.1103/physrevlett.87.024101"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1057-palgrave-jors-2602569",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Teunter\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Forecasting intermittent demand: a comparative study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Teunter"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602569"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-4153-s0008414x24001032",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bowman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Oriented Temperley–Lieb algebras and combinatorial Kazhdan–Lusztig theory",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bowman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.4153/s0008414x24001032"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00373-024-02797-2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gossett\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An Alon-Tarsi style theorem for additive colorings",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gossett"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00373-024-02797-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejor-2011-12-030",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Toriello\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2508.03708, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fitting piecewise linear continuous functions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Toriello"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejor.2011.12.030"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-25300-misq-2021-16559",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"family=Broek\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "When the Machine Meets the Expert: An Ethnography of Developing AI for Hiring",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "family=Broek"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.25300/misq/2021/16559"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2024-emnlp-main-899",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kowshik\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.05308, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "CorrSynth - A Correlated Sampling Method for Diverse Dataset Generation from LLMs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kowshik"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.899"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3025453-3026044",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Revolt: Collaborative Crowdsourcing for Labeling Machine Learning Datasets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1145/3025453.3026044"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1181775-1181779",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sillito\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05871, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Questions Programmers Ask during Software Evolution Tasks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sillito"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1145/1181775.1181779"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-1708290115",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Stodden\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An empirical analysis of journal policy effectiveness for computational reproducibility",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Stodden"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1708290115"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3698038-3698555",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Han\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23115, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "KACE: Kernel-Aware Colocation for Efficient GPU Spatial Sharing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Han"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3698038.3698555"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1353-sof-2001-0091",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cotter\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Glass Ceiling Effect*",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cotter"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "doi": "10.1353/sof.2001.0091"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-4310-acta-2017-v218-n2-a2",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Huh\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Enumeration of points, lines, planes, etc",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Huh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.4310/acta.2017.v218.n2.a2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-microc-2024-111307",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Taha\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Advancing cancer diagnostics through multifaceted optical biosensors supported by nanomaterials and artificial intelligence: A panoramic outlook",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Taha"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.microc.2024.111307"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1468-2354-2009-00566-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Byrne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Formal Home Health Care, Informal care, and Family Decision Making",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1468-2354.2009.00566.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s11356-025-36089-w",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Huang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Prediction of daily childhood asthma exacerbation from ambient meteorological, environmental risk factors and respiratory viruses, Philadelphia, PA, 2011 to 2016",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Huang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11356-025-36089-w"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s12561-013-9099-4",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bernhardt\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Statistical Methods for Generalized Linear Models with Covariates Subject to Detection Limits",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bernhardt"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1007/s12561-013-9099-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3626253-3635369",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"MacNeil\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Discussing the Changing Landscape of Generative AI in Computing Education",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "MacNeil"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3626253.3635369"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-ejsp-2561",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pietraszkiewicz\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Big Two Dictionaries: Capturing Agency and Communion in Natural Language",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pietraszkiewicz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1002/ejsp.2561"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-jofi-12697",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dahlquist\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.17624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the asset allocation of a default pension Fund",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dahlquist"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1111/jofi.12697"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejc-2004-07-010",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"McNamara\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Poset edge-labellings and left modularity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "McNamara"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejc.2004.07.010"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1371-journal-pbio-1002195",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Stephens\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10781, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Big Data: Astronomical or Genomical?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Stephens"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.1002195"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-appdev-2007-10-004",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Good\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.21140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Problems in the pipeline: Stereotype threat and women's achievement in high-level math courses",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Good"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.appdev.2007.10.004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-giq-2024-101985",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hemesath\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05217, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Public value positions and design preferences toward AI-based chatbots in e-government: Evidence from a conjoint experiment with citizens and municipal front desk officers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hemesath"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.giq.2024.101985"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-econlet-2020-109447",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Byrne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Increasing Deflationary Influence of Consumer Digital Access Services",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109447"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-2556288-2556986",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kim\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Crowdsourcing step-by-step information extraction to enhance existing how-to videos",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kim"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1145/2556288.2556986"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-031-70396-6-27",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lashkevich\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "LLM-Assisted Optimization of Waiting Time in Business Processes: A Prompting Method",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lashkevich"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-70396-6_27"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-rs11050523",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Pelletier\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Temporal Convolutional Neural Network for the Classification of Satellite Image Time Series",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pelletier"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.3390/rs11050523"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3163-1536-5050-100-3-007",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Darmoni\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Improving information retrieval using Medical Subject Headings Concepts: a test case on rare and chronic diseases",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Darmoni"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.3163/1536-5050.100.3.007"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-aer-20121524",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bianchi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.18747, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Efficient Bailouts?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bianchi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1257/aer.20121524"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-aam-2025-102975",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Xu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A bi-Stirling-Euler-Mahonian polynomial",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aam.2025.102975"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-enconman-2019-111977",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Victoria\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The role of storage technologies throughout the decarbonisation of the sector-coupled European energy system",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Victoria"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111977"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-642-33486-3-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kamishima\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fairness-Aware Classifier with Prejudice Remover Regularizer",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kamishima"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-33486-3_3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tr-1975-5215123",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Abdel-Hameed\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Gamma wear process",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Abdel-Hameed"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1975,
        "doi": "10.1109/tr.1975.5215123"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-joule-2020-07-022",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schill\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Electricity Storage and the Renewable Energy Transition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schill"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.022"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-3-540-30731-1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Nebe\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28402, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Self-Dual Codes and Invariant Theory",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nebe"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1007/3-540-30731-1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-wacv-2019-00199",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08236, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Space-Time Event Clouds for Gesture Recognition: From RGB Cameras to Event Cameras",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1109/wacv.2019.00199"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1542-peds-2015-2354",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Akinbami\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Changing Trends in Asthma Prevalence Among Children",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Akinbami"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1542/peds.2015-2354"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3389-fpsyg-2019-01324",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Delice\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Advancing Teams Research: What, When, and How to Measure Team Dynamics Over Time",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Delice"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01324"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-1059601104267661",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Goldberg\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Relational Demography and Similarity-Attraction in Interview Assessments and Subsequent Offer Decisions: Are We Missing Something?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Goldberg"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1177/1059601104267661"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3519420",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Adomavicius\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Integrating Behavioral, Economic, and Technical Insights to Understand and Address Algorithmic Bias: A Human-Centric Perspective",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Adomavicius"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1145/3519420"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1214-17-aoas1058",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Simoiu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Problem of Infra-Marginality in Outcome Tests for Discrimination",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Simoiu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1214/17-aoas1058"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1467-6486-2007-00667-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bogner\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.18227, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Knowledge Management as the Basis of Sustained High Performance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bogner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00667.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-0001839219844175",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Corritore\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Duality in Diversity: How Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Cultural Heterogeneity Relate to Firm Performance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Corritore"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1177/0001839219844175"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-rusautocon54946-2022-9896373",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lomov\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Detection of the Optimal Reflection Symmetry Axis with the Jaccard Index and the Radon Transform",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lomov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1109/rusautocon54946.2022.9896373"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3529225",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kosch\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05113, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Placebo Effect of Artificial Intelligence in Human–Computer Interaction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kosch"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1145/3529225"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-2757001-2757003",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Musen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.11182, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The protege project: a look back and a look forward",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Musen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1145/2757001.2757003"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3437963-3441803",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kim\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05203, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Discovering Undisclosed Paid Partnership on Social Media via Aspect-Attentive Sponsored Post Learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kim"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1145/3437963.3441803"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3641554-3701867",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yeh\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bridging Novice Programmers and LLMs with Interactivity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yeh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1145/3641554.3701867"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tkde-2005-32",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Newton\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08402, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Preserving privacy by de-identifying face images",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Newton"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1109/tkde.2005.32"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1257-aer-20191099",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Eliaz\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Model of Competing Narratives",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Eliaz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1257/aer.20191099"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1282280-1282340",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bosch\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Representing Shape with a Spatial Pyramid Kernel",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bosch"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1145/1282280.1282340"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1371-journal-pmed-0020124",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ioannidis\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.00390, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Why most published research findings are false",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ioannidis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-iwc-iwag017",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kraishan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05113, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Conversational signatures: structural patterns in human–AI interaction across models and platforms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kraishan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "doi": "10.1093/iwc/iwag017"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jfa-2011-12-004",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kwasnicki\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27767, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Eigenvalues of the Fractional Laplace Operator in the Interval",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kwasnicki"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jfa.2011.12.004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-sc-2014-21",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wahib\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23115, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Scalable Kernel Fusion for Memory-Bound GPU Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wahib"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1109/sc.2014.21"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-s0140-6736-10-61380-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Busse\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06174, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Role of viral respiratory infections in asthma and asthma exacerbations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Busse"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61380-3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-latice-2013-38",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Novices' Debugging Behaviors in VB Programming",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1109/latice.2013.38"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-031-72970-6-3",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08267, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-training for Open-Set Object Detection",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-72970-6_3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3313831-3376488",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cryan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Detecting Gender Stereotypes: Lexicon vs. Supervised Learning Methods",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cryan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1145/3313831.3376488"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-infsof-2015-03-007",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Petersen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: An update",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Petersen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.infsof.2015.03.007"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-2113658119",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04215, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Microestimates of wealth for all low- and middle-income countries",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2113658119"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3025453-3025957",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jung\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.12293, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "ChartSense: Interactive Data Extraction from Chart Images",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jung"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1145/3025453.3025957"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s10462-024-10906-z",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hua\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05808, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A systematic review of aspect-based sentiment analysis: domains, methods, and trends",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hua"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10462-024-10906-z"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-j-1559-1816-1992-tb00941-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gallois\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Influence of Applicant Communication Style and Interviewer Characteristics on Hiring Decisions1",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gallois"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1992,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00941.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-mnsc-2025-00510",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Weber\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Relatively Robust Multicriteria Decisions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Weber"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "doi": "10.1287/mnsc.2025.00510"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1086-381475",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dynan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.17624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Do the Rich Save More?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dynan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1086/381475"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ress-2016-05-018",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Planning of step-stress accelerated degradation test based on the inverse Gaussian process",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ress.2016.05.018"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-knosys-2021-107187",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23047, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Deep learning in ECG diagnosis: A review",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107187"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-01621459-2025-2526700",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rambachan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.17191, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Design-Based Uncertainty for Quasi-Experiments",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rambachan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1080/01621459.2025.2526700"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-09585192-2011-561961",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ali\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Gender Diversity–Performance Relationship in Services and Manufacturing Organizations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ali"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1080/09585192.2011.561961"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-2740908-2742839",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sinha\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An Overview of Microsoft Academic Service (MAS) and Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sinha"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1145/2740908.2742839"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-1073191121998760",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schwartz\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05052, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Measuring the refined theory of individual values in 49 cultural groups: Psychometrics of the revised Portrait Value Questionnaire",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schwartz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1177/1073191121998760"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-codit49905-2020-9263886",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Runge\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.06173, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Model Predictive Control with Online Nonlinear Parameter Identification for a Robotic System",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Runge"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1109/codit49905.2020.9263886"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-17016-2380-7172-1885",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Byrne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Prices and Depreciation in the Market for Tablet Computers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.17016/2380-7172.1885"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-mcom-2006-1632656",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Giridhar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23115, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Toward a theory of in-network computation in wireless sensor networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Giridhar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1109/mcom.2006.1632656"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-1-4419-0661-8",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bai\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.03880, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Spectral Analysis of Large Dimensional Random Matrices",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bai"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4419-0661-8"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1111-0022-4537-00239",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rudman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes and Backlash Toward Agentic Women",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rudman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "doi": "10.1111/0022-4537.00239"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-s42256-021-00396-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Rodolfa\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Empirical observation of negligible fairness–accuracy trade-offs in machine learning for public policy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rodolfa"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1038/s42256-021-00396-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-25080-majora-92bf1922-011",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Seabold\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Statsmodels: Econometric and statistical modeling with Python",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Seabold"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.25080/majora-92bf1922-011"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1215-kjm-1250518452",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ariki\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the decomposition numbers of the Hecke algebra of $G(m,1,n)$",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ariki"
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        ],
        "year": 1996,
        "doi": "10.1215/kjm/1250518452"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-iccvw-2017-202",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Elawady\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Wavelet-Based Reflection Symmetry Detection via Textural and Color Histograms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Elawady"
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        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1109/iccvw.2017.202"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-cjs-10017",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Swartz\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27957, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Modelling and simulation for one‐day cricket",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Swartz"
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        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1002/cjs.10017"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
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    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-iccv-2017-74",
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      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Selvaraju\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27763, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-Based Localization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Selvaraju"
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        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1109/iccv.2017.74"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:doi"
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    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-0097-3165-93-90095-p",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gessel\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Counting permutations with given cycle structure and descent set",
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          {
            "family": "Gessel"
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        "year": 1993,
        "doi": "10.1016/0097-3165(93)90095-p"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:doi"
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    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s10801-015-0634-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ardila\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The closure of a linear space in a product of lines",
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          {
            "family": "Ardila"
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        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10801-015-0634-x"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-knosys-2024-111998",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Constrained multi-objective optimization problems: Methodologies, algorithms and applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hao"
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        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.knosys.2024.111998"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:doi"
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    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-18653-v1-2021-findings-acl-365",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Unsupervised Label Refinement Improves Dataless Text Classification",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.365"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-iccv-2011-6126394",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Donahue\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Annotator rationales for visual recognition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Donahue"
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        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1109/iccv.2011.6126394"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3632620-3671126",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hassan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evaluating How Novices Utilize Debuggers and Code Execution to Understand Code",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hassan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3632620.3671126"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-ejor-2020-11-036",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Degradation data analysis based on gamma process with random effects",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
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        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejor.2020.11.036"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-5465-1556374",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Richard\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Racial Diversity, Business Strategy, and Firm Performance: A Resource-Based View",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Richard"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "doi": "10.5465/1556374"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-0-387-09823-4-34",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tsoumakas\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.09350, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mining Multi-label Data",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tsoumakas"
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        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-0-387-09823-4_34"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-2208839120",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Jakesch\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05113, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Human heuristics for AI-generated language are flawed",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jakesch"
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        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2208839120"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-07421222-1996-11518099",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05217, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Beyond Accuracy: What Data Quality Means to Data Consumers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
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        "year": 1996,
        "doi": "10.1080/07421222.1996.11518099"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
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    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2139-ssrn-5110329",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bongini\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05203, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Influencers and Investors: Social Media’s role in shaping market movements",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bongini"
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        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5110329"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:doi"
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    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-21437-interspeech-2023-2117",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sarabia\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27775, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Spatial LibriSpeech: An Augmented Dataset for Spatial Audio Learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sarabia"
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        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.21437/interspeech.2023-2117"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
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    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-app14199034",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Huang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05052, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Application of label correlation in multi-label classification: A survey",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Huang"
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        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.3390/app14199034"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-031-30448-4-10",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bliznets\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.30261, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Enumeration of Minimal Tropical Connected Sets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bliznets"
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        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-30448-4_10"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00148-005-0060-9",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lundberg\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Information and Racial Exclusion",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lundberg"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00148-005-0060-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-1498759-1498813",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Adar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Information arbitrage across multi-lingual Wikipedia",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Adar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1145/1498759.1498813"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-disc-2021-112471",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Abe\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27624, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Differences between the list-coloring and DP-coloring for planar graphs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Abe"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.disc.2021.112471"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-s0169-2070-03-00013-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Willemain\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A new approach to forecasting intermittent demand for service parts inventories",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Willemain"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0169-2070(03)00013-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1093-wbro-lkx010",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hoff\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Whys of Social Exclusion: Insights from Behavioral Economics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hoff"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1093/wbro/lkx010"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1126-science-1244693",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hansen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04215, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hansen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1126/science.1244693"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-tevc-2013-2281535",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Deb\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An evolutionary many-objective optimization algorithm using reference-point-based nondominated sorting approach, part I: solving problems with box constraints",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Deb"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1109/tevc.2013.2281535"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1086-700677",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Leung\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Taking a Pass: How Proportional Prejudice and Decisions Not to Hire Reproduce Gender Segregation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Leung"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1086/700677"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-energy-2024-131963",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A new multi-objective ensemble wind speed forecasting system: Mixed-frequency interval-valued modeling paradigm",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.energy.2024.131963"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-bf01099821",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Corbett\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Knowledge tracing: Modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Corbett"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1995,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf01099821"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1080-00927879908826745",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A class of noncommutative and noncocommutative Hopf algebras: the quantum version",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.1080/00927879908826745"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1038-nn-2889",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Freeman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08321, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Metamers of the Ventral Stream",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Freeman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "doi": "10.1038/nn.2889"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-2543882-2543885",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Sanders\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05034, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Canterbury QuestionBank: Building a Repository of Multiple-Choice CS1 and CS2 Questions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sanders"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.1145/2543882.2543885"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1137-140972391",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Reading\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Noncrossing Arc Diagrams and Canonical Join Representations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Reading"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1137/140972391"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1590-s0034-75902009000300007",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mangi\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Neoinstitutionalism and the Appropriation of Bourdieu's Work: A Critical Assessment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mangi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1590/s0034-75902009000300007"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-17016-2380-7172-0056",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Byrne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Prices for Data Storage Equipment and the State of IT Innovation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.17016/2380-7172.0056"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1073-pnas-1706255114",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Quillian\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Meta-Analysis of Field Experiments Shows No Change in Racial Discrimination in Hiring over Time",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Quillian"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1706255114"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s10648-015-9355-x",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender Gap in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Current Knowledge, Implications for Practice, Policy, and Future Directions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10648-015-9355-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1515-text-2003-014",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Argamon\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gender, Genre, and Writing Style in Formal Written Texts",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Argamon"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "doi": "10.1515/text.2003.014"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1017-s0305004125101497",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Giri\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.27941, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The structure of Lonely Runner spectra",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Giri"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1017/s0305004125101497"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1006-jabr-1996-6935",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Green\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hyperoctahedral Schur algebras",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Green"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1997,
        "doi": "10.1006/jabr.1996.6935"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1037-0021-9010-91-5-1013",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Harrison\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Understanding Attitudes toward Affirmative Action Programs in Employment: Summary and Meta-Analysis of 35 Years of Research",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Harrison"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "doi": "10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.1013"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jebo-2020-11-014",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Lee\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Diversity and the Timing of Preference in Hiring Decisions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lee"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jebo.2020.11.014"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-rse-2014-12-014",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08281, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Improvement and expansion of the Fmask algorithm: cloud, cloud shadow, and snow detection for Landsats 4--7, 8, and Sentinel 2 images",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.rse.2014.12.014"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1287-isre-2019-0892",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Langer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Onward and Upward? An Empirical Investigation of Gender and Promotions in Information Technology Services",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Langer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1287/isre.2019.0892"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-97-700920",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Morgan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23293, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the evaluation of estimated impulse responses",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Morgan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1998,
        "doi": "10.1109/97.700920"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3386-w31122",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Horton\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.17648, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Large Language Models as Simulated Economic Agents: What Can We Learn from Homo Silicus?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Horton"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.3386/w31122"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-cvprw63382-2024-00219",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dampfhoffer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08236, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Neuromorphic Lip-Reading with Signed Spiking Gated Recurrent Units",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dampfhoffer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1109/cvprw63382.2024.00219"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-s0377-2217-03-00240-6",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Osorio\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2508.03708, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Post-tax optimization with stochastic programming",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Osorio"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0377-2217(03)00240-6"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-3390-sym14051060",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zalik\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Hierarchical Universal Algorithm for Geometric Objects' Reflection Symmetry Detection",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zalik"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.3390/sym14051060"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1068-b35097",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Haklay\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04215, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "How good is volunteered geographical information? A comparative study of OpenStreetMap and Ordnance Survey datasets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Haklay"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1068/b35097"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-26434-chemrxiv-8226068-v1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Weston\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Named Entity Recognition and Normalization Applied to Large-Scale Information Extraction from the Materials Science Literature",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Weston"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.8226068.v1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-17016-2380-7172-1548",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Byrne\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Domestic Electronics Manufacturing: Medical, Military, and Aerospace Equipment and What We Don't Know about High-Tech Productivity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrne"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.17016/2380-7172.1548"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-aam-2020-102092",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Han\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00646, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Eulerian polynomials and excedance statistics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Han"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aam.2020.102092"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1145-3649217-3653584",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Vadaparty\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05068, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "CS1-LLM: Integrating LLMs into CS1 Instruction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Vadaparty"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3649217.3653584"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s11704-024-40231-1",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05132, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A survey on large language model based autonomous agents",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11704-024-40231-1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-rser-2016-11-098",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zerrahn\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.21516, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Long-run power storage requirements for high shares of renewables: review and a new model",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zerrahn"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.098"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-cwdh-mffm",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.00179, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Swarmalator model driven by directed coupling: Collective intelligence and synchronization phenomena in complex systems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1103/cwdh-mffm"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00222-009-0204-8",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Brundan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00421, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Blocks of cyclotomic Hecke algebras and Khovanov-Lauda algebras",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brundan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00222-009-0204-8"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1002-wics-1557",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Größer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04546, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Copulae: An overview and recent developments",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Größer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1002/wics.1557"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-2307-1990960",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Soergel\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2605.28474, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Kategorie $O$, perverse Garben und Moduln uber den Koinvarianten zur Weylgruppe",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Soergel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1990,
        "doi": "10.2307/1990960"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-23919-date51398-2021-9474253",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23225, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Parasitic-Aware Analog Circuit Sizing with Graph Neural Networks and Bayesian Optimization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.23919/date51398.2021.9474253"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1037-0033-295x-115-2-336",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schmader\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.21140, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schmader"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1037/0033-295x.115.2.336"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1177-2053951715592429",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hogan\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.05420, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Data flows and water woes: The Utah data center",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hogan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1177/2053951715592429"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1016-j-jrp-2018-02-001",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Skimina\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05052, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Testing the circular structure and importance hierarchy of value states in real-time behaviors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Skimina"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jrp.2018.02.001"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-iciss63372-2025-11076259",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chandu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05808, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Voice-Controlled Smart Programming Assistant",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chandu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1109/iciss63372.2025.11076259"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1146-annurev-soc-25-1-335",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Reskin\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14388, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Determinants and Consequences of Workplace Sex and Race Composition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Reskin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.335"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1112-s0010437x09004023",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ingalls\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00273, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Noncrossing partitions and representations of quivers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ingalls"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1112/s0010437x09004023"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1057-jors-2014-62",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Petropoulos\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.04900, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Forecast combinations for intermittent demand",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Petropoulos"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1057/jors.2014.62"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1609-aaai-v38i21-30336",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Palaskar\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23146, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "AutoMixer for improved multivariate time-series forecasting on business and IT observability data",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Palaskar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1609/aaai.v38i21.30336"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-978-3-031-21127-0-30",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Cunningham\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2302.01826, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Structure of Interdisciplinary Science: Uncovering and Explaining Roles in Citation Graphs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cunningham"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-21127-0_30"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1103-revmodphys-86-153",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Georgescu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23044, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Quantum simulation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Georgescu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1103/revmodphys.86.153"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-cvpr-2017-40",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ke\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08379, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "SRN: Side-Output Residual Network for Object Symmetry Detection in the Wild",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ke"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1109/cvpr.2017.40"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1007-s00209-016-1669-y",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ehrig\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Schur-Weyl duality for the Brauer algebra and the ortho-symplectic Lie superalgebra",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ehrig"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00209-016-1669-y"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1037-a0039802",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Dalege\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27968, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Toward a Formalized Account of Attitudes: The Causal Attitude Network (CAN) Model",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dalege"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1037/a0039802"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-doi-harvest-10-1109-cvpr-2017-462",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout DOI citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the doi resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10781, bib source); resolved via Crossref; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Learning to Extract Semantic Structure from Documents Using Multimodal Fully Convolutional Neural Networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1109/cvpr.2017.462"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2405-17719",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Xu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08514, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Do Egocentric Video-Language Models Truly Understand Hand-Object Interactions?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "arxiv": "2405.17719"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2307-04657",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ji\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.06196, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "BeaverTails: Towards Improved Safety Alignment with Balanced Red-Teaming and Fine-Grained Moderation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ji"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "arxiv": "2307.04657"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2108-07258",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bommasani\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08515, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the opportunities and risks of foundation models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bommasani"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "arxiv": "2108.07258"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2007-12342",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.05574, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "CelebA-Spoof: Large-Scale Face Anti-Spoofing Dataset with Rich Annotations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "arxiv": "2007.12342"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2111-15366",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Raji\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2505.14588, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "AI and the Everything in the Whole Wide World Benchmark",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Raji"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "arxiv": "2111.15366"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2407-13692",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kirchner\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23333, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Prover-Verifier Games improve legibility of LLM outputs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kirchner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "arxiv": "2407.13692"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2305-14302",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Geng\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27744, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Vip5: Towards multimodal foundation models for recommendation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Geng"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "arxiv": "2305.14302"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-1704-00805",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23333, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the properties of the softmax function with application in game theory and reinforcement learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "arxiv": "1704.00805"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2309-05858",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"von Oswald\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23333, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Uncovering mesa-optimization algorithms in transformers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "von Oswald"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "arxiv": "2309.05858"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2501-15564",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zheng\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08375, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Diffusion-based planning for autonomous driving with flexible guidance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zheng"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "arxiv": "2501.15564"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2505-14683",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Deng\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08497, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretraining",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Deng"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "arxiv": "2505.14683"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2402-05133",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Li\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23333, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Personalized Language Modeling from Personalized Human Feedback",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "arxiv": "2402.05133"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2509-24948",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Xiao\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08375, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "World-env: Leveraging world model as a virtual environment for vla post-training",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xiao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "arxiv": "2509.24948"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2208-02584",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bowman\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.00961, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The anti-spherical Hecke categories for Hermitian symmetric pairs",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bowman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "arxiv": "2208.02584"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2506-07527",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
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      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27787, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
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            "family": "Ma"
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        "year": 2025,
        "arxiv": "2506.07527"
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        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2505-16984",
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      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23333, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
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            "family": "Liu"
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        "arxiv": "2505.16984"
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        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2605-27365",
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      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08267, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
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          {
            "family": "Wang"
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        "arxiv": "2605.27365"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2309-16609",
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      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bai\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.24850, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
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          {
            "family": "Bai"
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        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2505-09155",
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      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Shi\").",
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          {
            "family": "Shi"
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        "arxiv": "2505.09155"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2009-06571",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Mustafa\").",
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        "authors": [
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            "family": "Mustafa"
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        "arxiv": "2009.06571"
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        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-1709-05584",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hamilton\").",
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      "claimed": {
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        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hamilton"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2002-05202",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Shazeer\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.30680, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
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        "arxiv": "2002.05202"
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        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2603-12201",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Bai\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27692, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
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          {
            "family": "Bai"
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        "arxiv": "2603.12201"
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        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Liu\").",
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      "claimed": {
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            "family": "Liu"
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        "arxiv": "2212.06357"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-1402-6028",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Kuleshov\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23285, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
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        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Wu\").",
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        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Vendeville\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2606.27968, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
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            "family": "Vendeville"
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        "arxiv": "2603.02102"
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        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schmidt-Hieber\").",
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            "family": "Schmidt-Hieber"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2207-05608",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Huang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23333, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
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        "arxiv": "2207.05608"
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        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2201-01163",
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      "attack_type": null,
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      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Curry\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2507.18229, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
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            "family": "Curry"
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        "arxiv": "2201.01163"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2102-07838",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Venugopal\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27797, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Comparison of Deep-Learning Methods for Analysing and Predicting Business Processes",
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        "arxiv": "2102.07838"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Zhang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23153, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
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            "family": "Zhang"
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        "arxiv": "2211.11890"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Tang\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23125, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Chartmuseum: Testing visual reasoning capabilities of large vision-language models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tang"
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        "arxiv": "2505.13444"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Chen\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23332, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "When Greedy Wins: Emergent Exploitation Bias in Meta-Bandit LLM Training",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
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        "arxiv": "2509.24923"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
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      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Yian\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08515, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Investigating Disability Representations in Text-to-Image Models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yian"
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        "arxiv": "2602.04687"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-1406-3238",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Duport\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23285, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Analog input layer for optical reservoir computers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Duport"
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        "arxiv": "1406.3238"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2401-14159",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Ren\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08397, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Grounded sam: Assembling open-world models for diverse visual tasks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ren"
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        "year": 2024,
        "arxiv": "2401.14159"
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      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
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      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
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    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-1901-11390",
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      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Burgess\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.08249, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "MONet: Unsupervised Scene Decomposition and Representation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Burgess"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "arxiv": "1901.11390"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2511-11305",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Fu\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.23075, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "MOON Embedding: Multimodal Representation Learning for E-commerce Search Advertising",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "arxiv": "2511.11305"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2106-12741",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Schutte\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2301.10140, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Discovering novel drug-supplement interactions using a dietary supplements knowledge graph generated from the biomedical literature",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Schutte"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "arxiv": "2106.12741"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2602-10016",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Hou\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27744, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Kunlun: Establishing scaling laws for massive-scale recommendation systems through unified architecture design",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hou"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "arxiv": "2602.10016"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-arxiv-harvest-2308-08998",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "arxiv",
      "claimed_source": "arxiv-bib-author-typed",
      "description": "Blind-holdout arXiv citation, sourced from a real arXiv paper's .bib/LaTeX reference list (author-typed text, protocol §2). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the arxiv resolves and the claimed title confirms same-work; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN unparsed surname extraction (\"Gulcehre\").",
      "source": "Harvested reference (paper 2607.27787, bib source); resolved via export.arxiv.org; seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Reinforced Self-Training (ReST) for Language Modeling",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gulcehre"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "arxiv": "2308.08998"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:arxiv"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-35254061",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Magre M\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 35254061; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00641; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "s-Block Metal Catalysts for the Hydroboration of Unsaturated Bonds",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Magre M"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "pmid": "35254061"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-38207023",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Silva JP\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 38207023; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1126/science.adn1390; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Portugal’s farmland bird crisis requires action",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Silva JP"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmid": "38207023"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-33880496",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Arjomandi Rad A\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 33880496; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1093/ejcts/ezab178; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mitral and tricuspid annuloplasty ring dehiscence: a systematic review with pooled analysis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Arjomandi Rad A"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmid": "33880496"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-35047610",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Hao FY\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 35047610; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i35.10999; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Immunoglobulin G4-related lymph node disease with an orbital mass mimicking Castleman disease: A case report",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hao FY"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmid": "35047610"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-36546845",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Liang YX\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 36546845; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04050; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Lewis Acid Mediated Conjugate Addition of Isocyanides to β-Hydroxy-α-diazo Carbonyls: Synthesis of β-Carboxamido-α-diazo Carbonyl Compounds",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liang YX"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "pmid": "36546845"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-39585325",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Mesch S\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 39585325; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01376; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Novel Macrocyclic NLRP3 Inhibitors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mesch S"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmid": "39585325"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-40353964",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Dibrov DA\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 40353964; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1134/s1607672925700115; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Relation of Cytokine Profile and Antibody Values to Post-Translational Protein Modifications in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (Preliminary Data)",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dibrov DA"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "40353964"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-33294004",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Li Y\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 33294004; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1155/2020/8845133; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "PredAmyl-MLP: Prediction of Amyloid Proteins Using Multilayer Perceptron",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li Y"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "pmid": "33294004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-34660365",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Chaudhary A\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 34660365; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.4103/ajns.ajns_475_20; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Role of three-dimensional printing in neurosurgery: An institutional experience",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chaudhary A"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmid": "34660365"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-41279130",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Elmadbouh I\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 41279130; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1101/2025.10.14.682369; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Loss of miRNA-153 promotes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and compromises lung vascular integrity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Elmadbouh I"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "41279130"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-32185233",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Choi MY\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 32185233; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1155/2020/1640162; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Choi MY"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "pmid": "32185233"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-37177981",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Bier RL\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 37177981; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1111/1462-2920.16396; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Spatial scale impacts microbial community composition and distribution within and across stream ecosystems in North and Central America",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bier RL"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmid": "37177981"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-33750903",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Zhuang Y\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 33750903; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1038/s41422-021-00482-0; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mechanism of dopamine binding and allosteric modulation of the human D1 dopamine receptor",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhuang Y"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmid": "33750903"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-34549325",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Jang JK\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 34549325; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s00330-021-08269-y; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Diagnostic performance of ultrasound attenuation imaging for assessing low-grade hepatic steatosis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jang JK"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmid": "34549325"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-39003927",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Smaira FI\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 39003927; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100418; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Food consumption, physical activity and aerobic capacity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with high cardiovascular risk",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Smaira FI"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmid": "39003927"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-35584858",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Michaels A\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 35584858; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1136/bcr-2022-248968; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Diffuse lymphadenopathy and fever without a rash: an atypical presentation of secondary syphilis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Michaels A"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "pmid": "35584858"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-37217878",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Chen W\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 37217878; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1186/s12911-023-02180-w; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An automated detection of epileptic seizures EEG using CNN classifier based on feature fusion with high accuracy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen W"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmid": "37217878"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-40061412",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Ranade M\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 40061412; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.jscai.2024.102463; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Novel Mechanical Aspiration Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Results From the Prospective APEX-AV Trial",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ranade M"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "40061412"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-32964003",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Chiang SS\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 32964003; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1183/23120541.00308-2020; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Clinical manifestations and epidemiology of adolescent tuberculosis in Ukraine",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chiang SS"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "pmid": "32964003"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-38393014",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Li J\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 38393014; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/metabo14020122; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Effects of Astragaloside IV on Hearing, Inflammatory Factors, and Intestinal Flora in Mice Exposed to Noise",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li J"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmid": "38393014"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-34211365",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Pakpuwadon T\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 34211365; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3389/fnins.2021.667932; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Self-Reset Image Sensor With a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Over 70 dB and Its Application to Brain Surface Imaging",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pakpuwadon T"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmid": "34211365"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-38458613",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Gentile M\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 38458613; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1021/acsami.3c18629; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hydrogen-Assisted Thermal Treatment of Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gentile M"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmid": "38458613"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-40899030",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Lee HJ\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 40899030; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1002/ptr.70085; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Harnessing Natural Compounds in Psoriasis: Targeting Cellular Pathways for Effective Therapy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lee HJ"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "40899030"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-33671257",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Hansen M\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 33671257; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/v13020311; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Unique Cytokine Response in West Nile Virus Patients Who Developed Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hansen M"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmid": "33671257"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-34931032",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Wolf D\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 34931032; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1038/s41565-021-01031-x; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Unveiling the three-dimensional magnetic texture of skyrmion tubes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wolf D"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmid": "34931032"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-32706392",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"van Gerwen M\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 32706392; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1002/jmv.26337; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Risk factors and outcomes of COVID‐19 in New York City; a retrospective cohort study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "van Gerwen M"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "pmid": "32706392"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-41059494",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Allison EY\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 41059494; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3389/fphys.2025.1606267; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Resisting decline: the neuroprotective role of resistance exercise in supporting cerebrovascular function and brain health in aging",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Allison EY"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "41059494"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-34631456",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Löffler-Stastka H\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 34631456; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.5498/wjp.v11.i9.507; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Future of processing and facilitating change and learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Löffler-Stastka H"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmid": "34631456"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-40468175",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Lin Z\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 40468175; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1111/os.70069; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Early and Accurate Pathogen Identification Based on <scp>mNGS</scp>: Key to Timely Therapy for <i>Mycoplasma</i> Prosthetic Joint Infection",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lin Z"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "40468175"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-39674341",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Linde JE\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 39674341; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110462; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The impact of gasping versus apnea on initial heart rate and response to positive pressure ventilation in the delivery room following interruption of placental blood flow",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Linde JE"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "39674341"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-38405905",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Obeng-Gyasi S\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 38405905; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3873505/v1; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Allostatic Load as a Predictor of Postoperative Complications in Patients with Breast Cancer",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Obeng-Gyasi S"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmid": "38405905"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-40664284",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Giacobbe F\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 40664284; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133613; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Safety and efficacy of P2Y12 inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes patients with KDIGO stage IV-V renal disfunction not on dialysis: a subanalysis of the CORALYS registry",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Giacobbe F"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "40664284"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-32904399",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Singh N\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 32904399; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3897/zookeys.962.51194; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the taxonomy of the genus Sacada Walker, 1862 from India, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species (Pyralinae, Pyralidae, Lepidoptera)",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Singh N"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "pmid": "32904399"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-41335090",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"De Ridder D\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 41335090; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.neurom.2025.10.064; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Burst Stimulation of the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Addiction: Sustained Benefit Without Continued Stimulation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "De Ridder D"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "41335090"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-36802319",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Liu G\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 36802319; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s11427-022-2286-0; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "TaMADS29 interacts with TaNF-YB1 to synergistically regulate early grain development in bread wheat",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu G"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmid": "36802319"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-40153334",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Bluestone J\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 40153334; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.7189/jogh.15.04109; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Insights from national stakeholders and health workers on learning and performance interventions in immunisation programs: a multi-country situational analysis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bluestone J"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "40153334"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-35549361",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Bai H\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 35549361; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00787; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Electrically Tunable Antiferroelectric to Paraelectric Switching in a Semiconductor",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bai H"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "pmid": "35549361"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-38523829",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Tran TT\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 38523829; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102127; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Association of Low-Carbohydrate Diet and HECTD4 rs11066280 Polymorphism with Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Korea",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tran TT"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmid": "38523829"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-40457099",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Bijon J\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 40457099; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1038/s41433-025-03858-3; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Advanced protocol for myopia management in paediatric &amp; adolescent populations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bijon J"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "40457099"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-39523526",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Li QQ\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 39523526; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1002/pca.3463; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An Integrative Strategy for Discriminating Quality Markers of Tibetan Medicine <i>Chebulae Fructus</i> Based on Multidimensional Feature Network",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li QQ"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmid": "39523526"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-34138066",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Zhu Y\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 34138066; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s40820-019-0355-0; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Graphitic Carbon Quantum Dots Modified Nickel Cobalt Sulfide as Cathode Materials for Alkaline Aqueous Batteries",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhu Y"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "pmid": "34138066"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmid-blind-33661502",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMID citation. Identifier = PMID (verifier resolves via PubMed); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Chao OY\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMID↔DOI are NLM-linked and author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PubMed esearch random-day draw; PMID 33661502; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s12311-021-01246-7; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Functional Convergence of Motor and Social Processes in Lobule IV/V of the Mouse Cerebellum",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chao OY"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmid": "33661502"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC9098125",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Friedman C\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC9098125; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.5195/ijt.2021.6402; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Telehealth Use By Persons with Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Friedman C"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmcid": "PMC9098125"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10392845",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Ryvlin J\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC10392845; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1251086; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Editorial: Artificial intelligence and advanced technologies in neurological surgery",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ryvlin J"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmcid": "PMC10392845"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11593099",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Lis K\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC11593099; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/cimb46110759; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Editorial to the Special Issue “Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation in Allergy and Immune Diseases, Immunodeficiencies”",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lis K"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmcid": "PMC11593099"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC9133583",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Tang G\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC9133583; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09476; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Short cytoplasmic isoform of IL1R1/CD121a mediates IL1β induced proliferation of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells through ERK1/2 pathway",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tang G"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "pmcid": "PMC9133583"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC12635230",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Wu S\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC12635230; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-98971-4; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Analysis of curing effect of bulk curing barns with different types of biomass combustion equipment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wu S"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmcid": "PMC12635230"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC7432278",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Coelho M\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC7432278; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/ijms21155272; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Potential of Metabolomics in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Coelho M"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "pmcid": "PMC7432278"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC9618064",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Jaouen K\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC9618064; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1073/pnas.2109315119; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Neandertal dietary conundrum: Insights provided by tooth enamel Zn isotopes from Gabasa, Spain",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jaouen K"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "pmcid": "PMC9618064"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC7426834",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Kwiecien K\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC7426834; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-70625-7; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The methylation status of the chemerin promoter region located from − 252 to + 258 bp regulates constitutive but not acute-phase cytokine-inducible chemerin expression levels",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kwiecien K"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "pmcid": "PMC7426834"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11397527",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Jadhav B\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC11397527; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/plants13172526; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Microplastic and Nanoplastic in Crops: Possible Adverse Effects to Crop Production and Contaminant Transfer in the Food Chain",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jadhav B"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmcid": "PMC11397527"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10487192",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"D'Andrea V\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC10487192; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/diagnostics13172850; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Role of Ultrasound in Epicutaneo-Caval Catheter Insertion in Neonates: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Future Perspectives",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "D'Andrea V"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmcid": "PMC10487192"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC12110749",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Orlova NA\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC12110749; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/cells14100692; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of CHO 4BGD Cells with Quad Knockout and Overexpression of Two Housekeeping Genes That Allow for Metabolic Selection and Extended Fed-Batch Culturing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Orlova NA"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmcid": "PMC12110749"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC8588310",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Josa-Culleré L\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC8588310; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/molecules26216648; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Identification and Preliminary Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 1,5-Dihydrobenzo[e][1,4]oxazepin-2(3H)-ones That Induce Differentiation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vitro",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Josa-Culleré L"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmcid": "PMC8588310"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC12049971",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Sun Y\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC12049971; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1136/bmjophth-2024-002063; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Novel classification for microspherophakia and its related surgical implications: a retrospective cohort study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sun Y"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmcid": "PMC12049971"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC13150054",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Sanchez-Arjona R\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC13150054; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1111/vsu.14312; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Outcomes of diode laser‐facilitated ankylosis of the distal tarsal joints in horses: A retrospective study of 64 cases",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sanchez-Arjona R"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmcid": "PMC13150054"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11637338",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Kagwanja N\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC11637338; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002814; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Understanding health system responsiveness to public feedback at the sub-national level: Insights from Kilifi County, Kenya",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kagwanja N"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmcid": "PMC11637338"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC7856911",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Omar N\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC7856911; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.5339/qmj.2020.43; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Metabolic syndrome among adults in Qatar: A review of the literature across medical specialties",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Omar N"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "pmcid": "PMC7856911"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11279418",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Theron CW\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC11279418; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/ph17070938; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evidence for the Role of the Mitochondrial ABC Transporter MDL1 in the Uptake of Clozapine and Related Molecules into the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Theron CW"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmcid": "PMC11279418"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC8564277",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Doremus C\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC8564277; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s40121-021-00556-x; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Utilization of Colistin Versus β-Lactam and β-Lactamase Inhibitor Agents in Relation to Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Severe Gram-Negative Infections",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Doremus C"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmcid": "PMC8564277"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC12408869",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Yu Z\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC12408869; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1186/s13613-025-01553-w; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Harnessing artificial intelligence to address substance use disorders in critically ill adolescents: a synergistic approach",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yu Z"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmcid": "PMC12408869"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC8115009",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Kim HC\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC8115009; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e102; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-Based Quantification on\n                    Flavor-Active and Bioactive Compounds and Application for Distinguishment of\n                    Chicken Breeds",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kim HC"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmcid": "PMC8115009"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC9381412",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Lan CY\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC9381412; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100689; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Anlotinib combined with TQB2450 in patients with platinum-resistant or -refractory ovarian cancer: A multi-center, single-arm, phase 1b trial",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lan CY"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "pmcid": "PMC9381412"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC9117714",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Xie J\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC9117714; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1002/ccr3.5884; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Long‐segment restrictive tear of radial artery under ultrasound guide for arteriovenous fistula by PTA: A case report",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xie J"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "pmcid": "PMC9117714"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC12863022",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Gyawali D\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC12863022; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1002/alr.70045; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Machine Learning‐Enhanced Clinical Decision Support for Diagnosing Sinusitis With Nasal Endoscopy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gyawali D"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmcid": "PMC12863022"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC9957636",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Shen ZL\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC9957636; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1155/2023/3677789; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "TREM2 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Osteosarcoma Microenvironment Remodeling",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Shen ZL"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmcid": "PMC9957636"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC8606029",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Speed V\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC8606029; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1002/rth2.12614; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Adherence to rivaroxaban for the treatment of venous thromboembolism–Results from the FIRST registry",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Speed V"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmcid": "PMC8606029"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC6977709",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Han B\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC6977709; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.12659/msm.920265; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Induction of Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells by Viburnum grandiflorum via Mitochondrial Pathway",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Han B"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "pmcid": "PMC6977709"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC12607573",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Dhruva PM\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC12607573; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1128/mbio.02564-25; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Type 1 conventional dendritic cells regulate innate immunity during fungal pneumonia",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dhruva PM"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmcid": "PMC12607573"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11605902",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Carazo-Díaz C\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC11605902; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.33588/rn.7910.2024318; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The p-value of a test is not the probability that the null hypothesis is true or false",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Carazo-Díaz C"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmcid": "PMC11605902"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11042076",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Puthenveettil N\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC11042076; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.4103/joacp.joacp_11_22; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Comparison of induction of spinal anesthesia in sitting position with legs parallel and crossed for cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Puthenveettil N"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmcid": "PMC11042076"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10223605",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Łyczkowska K\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC10223605; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/ma16103887; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Influence of MSR-B Mg Alloy Surface Preparation on Bonding Properties",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Łyczkowska K"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmcid": "PMC10223605"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11100829",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Li HH\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC11100829; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1101/2024.05.11.593695; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Neural mechanisms of resource allocation in working memory",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li HH"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmcid": "PMC11100829"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC8703928",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Barillari G\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC8703928; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/ijms222413543; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Infection by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Squamous Pre-Malignant or Malignant Lesions of the Uterine Cervix: A Series of Chained Events?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Barillari G"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "pmcid": "PMC8703928"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC11956110",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Li X\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC11956110; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1080/22221751.2025.2482695; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evaluation of global distribution, genetic evolution, and mammalian infectivity and pathogenicity of H13 and H16 avian influenza viruses",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li X"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmcid": "PMC11956110"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC9569187",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Neggaz I\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC9569187; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s00521-022-07925-8; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Boosting Archimedes optimization algorithm using trigonometric operators based on feature selection for facial analysis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Neggaz I"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "pmcid": "PMC9569187"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC9141422",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Inamori KI\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC9141422; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/ijms23105368; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Ganglioside GM3 Synthase Deficiency in Mouse Models and Human Patients",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Inamori KI"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "pmcid": "PMC9141422"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC9966022",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Hu MB\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC9966022; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/molecules28041813; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Characterization of Polysaccharides from the Pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim by Saccharide Mapping and Their Neuroprotective Effects",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hu MB"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmcid": "PMC9966022"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10857927",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Griffiths BM\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC10857927; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1002/ece3.10968; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Drivers of geophagy by red brocket deer (<i>Mazama americana</i>) at Amazonian interior forest mineral licks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Griffiths BM"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmcid": "PMC10857927"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10302323",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Andersen SSH\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC10302323; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/nu15122711; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Effect of Non- and Low-Caloric Sweeteners on Substrate Oxidation, Energy Expenditure, and Catecholamines in Humans—A Systematic Review",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Andersen SSH"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmcid": "PMC10302323"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC10944613",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Xiao F\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC10944613; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1186/s12864-024-10205-5; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Physiological responses to drought stress of three pine species and comparative transcriptome analysis of Pinus yunnanensis var. pygmaea",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xiao F"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmcid": "PMC10944613"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC9092326",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Li J\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC9092326; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1186/s43556-022-00075-2; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Post-translational modifications in liquid-liquid phase separation: a comprehensive review",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li J"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "pmcid": "PMC9092326"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC6964524",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Walz E\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC6964524; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3389/fvets.2019.00484; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Planning “Plan B”: The Case of Moving Cattle From an Infected Feedlot Premises During a Hypothetical Widespread FMD Outbreak in the United States",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Walz E"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "pmcid": "PMC6964524"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-pmcid-blind-PMC12158385",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "pubmed",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-pubmed-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout PMCID citation. Identifier = PMCID (verifier resolves via the PMC adapter); the claimed author is PubMed's OWN \"Xue F\" string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: PMCID↔DOI NLM-linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "PMC esearch random-day draw (open-access filter); PMC12158385; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/s25113548; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Linking Neurocardiovascular Responses in the Active Stand Test to Adverse Outcomes: Insights from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xue F"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmcid": "PMC12158385"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:pmcid"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780415083942",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780415083942; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fundamentals of the Physical Environment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Peter Smithson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1997,
        "isbn": "9780415083942"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781640320468",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781640320468; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Mis-Education of the Negro (Chump Change Edition)",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Carter Godwin Woodson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1933,
        "isbn": "9781640320468"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781315120546",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781315120546; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Tumors and Cancers: Endocrine Glands – Blood – Marrow – Lymph",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dongyou Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "isbn": "9781315120546"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781420058765",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781420058765; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "MicroComputed Tomography: Methodology and Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Stuart R. Stock"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "isbn": "9781420058765"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780393931525",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780393931525; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Norton Shakespeare",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "William Shakespeare"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "isbn": "9780393931525"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780849300073",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780849300073; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Dictionary of Organic Compounds, Sixth Edition, Nine Volume Box Set",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "John Buckingham"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1995,
        "isbn": "9780849300073"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9788432216947",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9788432216947; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hiroshima mon amour",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Marguerite Duras"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "isbn": "9788432216947"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9783319801858",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9783319801858; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient: 2. Stem Cell Science and Technology",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gustav Steinhoff"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "isbn": "9783319801858"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781675792698",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781675792698; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Soldiers Three",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rudyard Kipling"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "isbn": "9781675792698"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780321949172",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780321949172; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Get Fit, Stay Well! Brief Edition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Janet L. Hopson"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "isbn": "9780321949172"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781721115785",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781721115785; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Acquisitive Society",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "R. H. Tawney"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "isbn": "9781721115785"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781511689496",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781511689496; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "La Monadologie",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "isbn": "9781511689496"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781136321726",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781136321726; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Man for Himself: An Inquiry into the Psychology of Ethics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Erich Fromm"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "isbn": "9781136321726"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781111222482",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781111222482; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Macroeconomics for Today",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Irvin B. Tucker"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "isbn": "9781111222482"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781094762715",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781094762715; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Emile: Or on Education",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "isbn": "9781094762715"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780393912340",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780393912340; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Thomas R. Gilbert"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "isbn": "9780393912340"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780321654274",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780321654274; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mathematics for Elementary Teachers with Activity Manual",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sybilla Beckmann"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2011,
        "isbn": "9780321654274"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780061361227",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780061361227; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Small is Beautiful: Economics as If People Mattered",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ernst Friedrich Schumacher"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1973,
        "isbn": "9780061361227"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781377111117",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781377111117; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Manual Of Military Surgery, For The Use Of Surgeons In The Confederate Army; With An Appendix Of The Rules And Regulations Of The Medical Department Of The Confederate Army",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Julian John 1830-1903 Chisolm"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "isbn": "9781377111117"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780030076947",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780030076947; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Looking Out, Looking In",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ronald B. Adler"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1987,
        "isbn": "9780030076947"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780879757076",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780879757076; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Galileo Galilei"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1991,
        "isbn": "9780879757076"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9783642347313",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9783642347313; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Combinatorial Image Analysis: 15th International Workshop, IWCIA 2012, Austin, TX, USA, November 28-30, 2012, Proceedings",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Reneta P. Barneva"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "isbn": "9783642347313"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781351096256",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781351096256; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Copper Proteins and Copper Enzymes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rene Lontie"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "isbn": "9781351096256"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9783031274985",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9783031274985; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications (IBICA 2022) Held During December 15-17, 2022",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ajith Abraham"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "isbn": "9783031274985"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780030237980",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780030237980; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "College Physics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Raymond A. Serway"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1998,
        "isbn": "9780030237980"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9783519017462",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9783519017462; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Opera quae exstant omnia",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ptolemy"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1998,
        "isbn": "9783519017462"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781596054653",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781596054653; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Political Ideals",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bertrand Russell"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "isbn": "9781596054653"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781498772747",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781498772747; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Computer Architecture: Fundamentals and Principles of Computer Design, Second Edition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Joseph D. Dumas II"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "isbn": "9781498772747"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780743251914",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780743251914; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Kaplan SAT II: Chemistry 2004-2005",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kaplan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "isbn": "9780743251914"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781974113545",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781974113545; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Lodger",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Marie Adelaide Lowndes"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "isbn": "9781974113545"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781118982099",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781118982099; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Codependency For Dummies",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Darlene Lancer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "isbn": "9781118982099"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780072350739",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780072350739; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Business and Administrative Communication",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kitty O. Locker"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "isbn": "9780072350739"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9798471412774",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9798471412774; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit: With Original Illustrations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Charles Dickens"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "isbn": "9798471412774"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780077362355",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780077362355; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Practical Business Math Procedures with Business Math Handbook, Student DVD, WSJ Insert",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jeffrey Slater"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "isbn": "9780077362355"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9783642353796",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9783642353796; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Swarm, Evolutionary, and Memetic Computing: Third International Conference, SEMCCO 2012, Bhubaneswar, India, December 20-22, 2012, Proceedings",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "isbn": "9783642353796"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9788437500973",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9788437500973; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "El Mediterráneo y el mundo mediterráneo en la época de Felipe II",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fernand Braudel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1976,
        "isbn": "9788437500973"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780470841013",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780470841013; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Peter Sykes"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1975,
        "isbn": "9780470841013"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781417705672",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781417705672; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Travels with My Aunt (Classics Deluxe Edition)",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Graham Greene"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "isbn": "9781417705672"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781284120097",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781284120097; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Linear Algebra with Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gareth Williams"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "isbn": "9781284120097"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781850070917",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781850070917; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Le Morte D'Arthur",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sir Thomas Malory"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1985,
        "isbn": "9781850070917"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9780720607758",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9780720607758; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Basic Concepts in Sociology",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Max Weber"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1962,
        "isbn": "9780720607758"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-isbn-blind-9781444309157",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "openlibrary",
      "claimed_source": "googlebooks",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ISBN citation. Identifier = ISBN (verifier resolves via Open Library → the OL title); claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from Google Books (carries the subtitle/edition statement OL omits — real book-citation divergence). Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the ISBN is the same-edition link, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "Open Library subject search random draw (sort=editions); ISBN 9781444309157; claimed cross-sourced from Google Books; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Essential Developmental Biology",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jonathan M. W. Slack"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "isbn": "9781444309157"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:isbn"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2017QSMF....4..375B",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Bouaziz, Djamil\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2017QSMF....4..375B; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s40509-017-0107-0; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Comment on “Cornell potential in generalized uncertainty principle formalism: the case of Schrödinger equation”",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bouaziz, Djamil"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "ads": "2017QSMF....4..375B"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2020MNRAS.496..649T",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Tiley, Alfred L.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2020MNRAS.496..649T; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1093/mnras/staa1418; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "K-CLASH: spatially resolving star-forming galaxies in field and cluster environments at z ≈ 0.2–0.6",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tiley, Alfred L."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "ads": "2020MNRAS.496..649T"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021Icar..36914650L",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Li, Liming\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2021Icar..36914650L; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114650; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Asymmetrical meridional expansion of bright clouds from Saturn's 2010 great white storm",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li, Liming"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "ads": "2021Icar..36914650L"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2018GeCoA.229...36C",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Clayer, F.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2018GeCoA.229...36C; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2018.02.012; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Modeling the carbon isotope signatures of methane and dissolved inorganic carbon to unravel mineralization pathways in boreal lake sediments",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Clayer, F."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "ads": "2018GeCoA.229...36C"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2022GeCoA.337..182S",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Sedlak, David L.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2022GeCoA.337..182S; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2022.10.003; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Citation for the 2022 Clair C. Patterson Award to Xiangdong Li",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sedlak, David L."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "ads": "2022GeCoA.337..182S"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2016JGRA..121.7125L",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Lilensten, Jean\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2016JGRA..121.7125L; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1002/2016ja022941; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The thermospheric auroral red line Angle of Linear Polarization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lilensten, Jean"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "ads": "2016JGRA..121.7125L"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2018MNRAS.479.4681H",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Hopkins, Philip F.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2018MNRAS.479.4681H; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1093/mnras/sty1604; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Ubiquitous instabilities of dust moving in magnetized gas",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hopkins, Philip F."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "ads": "2018MNRAS.479.4681H"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2015P&SS..113..309M",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Mahieux, A.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2015P&SS..113..309M; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.pss.2015.02.002; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Update of the Venus density and temperature profiles at high altitude measured by SOIR on board Venus Express",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mahieux, A."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "ads": "2015P&SS..113..309M"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021JCAP...09..001L",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Leinson, Lev B.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2021JCAP...09..001L; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/09/001; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Impact of axions on the Cassiopea A neutron star cooling",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Leinson, Lev B."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "ads": "2021JCAP...09..001L"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2020JHEP...09..198F",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Fotopoulos, Angelos\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2020JHEP...09..198F; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/jhep09(2020)198; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Extended super BMS algebra of celestial CFT",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fotopoulos, Angelos"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "ads": "2020JHEP...09..198F"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2023JGRA..12831344F",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Fillion, M.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2023JGRA..12831344F; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1029/2023ja031344; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Modeling the Climatology of Low‐ and Mid‐Latitude F‐Region Ionospheric Currents Using the Swarm Constellation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fillion, M."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "ads": "2023JGRA..12831344F"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2017JCAP...11..035W",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Wei, Jun-Jie\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2017JCAP...11..035W; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1088/1475-7516/2017/11/035; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Multimessenger tests of the weak equivalence principle from GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterparts",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wei, Jun-Jie"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "ads": "2017JCAP...11..035W"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2023MNRAS.521..497M",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Mason, Charlotte A.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2023MNRAS.521..497M; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1093/mnras/stad035; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The brightest galaxies at cosmic dawn",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mason, Charlotte A."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "ads": "2023MNRAS.521..497M"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2022Univ....8..382N",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Ng, Y. Jack\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2022Univ....8..382N; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3390/universe8070382; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Probing Spacetime Foam with Extragalactic Sources of High-Energy Photons",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ng, Y. Jack"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "ads": "2022Univ....8..382N"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2022JApA...43...44D",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Das, Souvik\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2022JApA...43...44D; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s12036-022-09838-3; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Non-planar magnetoactive GES-based solar plasma stability",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Das, Souvik"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "ads": "2022JApA...43...44D"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2017JHEP...02..016A",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Andrade, Tomás\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2017JHEP...02..016A; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/jhep02(2017)016; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Holographic isotropisation in Gauss-Bonnet gravity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Andrade, Tomás"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "ads": "2017JHEP...02..016A"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021CQGra..38m5007B",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Basso, Marcos L. W.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2021CQGra..38m5007B; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1088/1361-6382/abfd84; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Interferometric visibility in curved spacetimes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Basso, Marcos L. W."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "ads": "2021CQGra..38m5007B"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2016PhRvL.117t1102M",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Mandic, Vuk\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2016PhRvL.117t1102M; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1103/physrevlett.117.201102; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background due to Primordial Binary Black Hole Mergers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mandic, Vuk"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "ads": "2016PhRvL.117t1102M"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2023JInst..18P9026K",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Kharuk, I.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2023JInst..18P9026K; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/18/09/p09026; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Rejecting noise in Baikal-GVD data with neural networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kharuk, I."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "ads": "2023JInst..18P9026K"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2017ApJ...838...51L",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Lario, D.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2017ApJ...838...51L; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/aa63e4; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Solar Energetic Particle Event of 2010 August 14: Connectivity with the Solar Source Inferred from Multiple Spacecraft Observations and Modeling",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lario, D."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "ads": "2017ApJ...838...51L"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2018MPLA...3350130P",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Panotopoulos, Grigoris\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2018MPLA...3350130P; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1142/s0217732318501304; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Electromagnetic quasinormal modes of the nearly-extremal higher-dimensional Schwarzschild–de Sitter black hole",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Panotopoulos, Grigoris"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "ads": "2018MPLA...3350130P"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2023SSPMA..53j0003Q",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"QIN, YuLu\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2023SSPMA..53j0003Q; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1360/sspma-2022-0442; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Ultrafast photoelectron imaging with high spatiotemporal and energy resolution",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "QIN, YuLu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "ads": "2023SSPMA..53j0003Q"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2020JInst..15.2002A",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Aartsen, M. G.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2020JInst..15.2002A; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/t02002; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Design and performance of the first IceAct demonstrator at the South Pole",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Aartsen, M. G."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "ads": "2020JInst..15.2002A"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2016MNRAS.462.4495H",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Huertas-Company, M.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2016MNRAS.462.4495H; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1093/mnras/stw1866; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mass assembly and morphological transformations since<i>z</i>∼ 3 from CANDELS",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Huertas-Company, M."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "ads": "2016MNRAS.462.4495H"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2015Icar..245..122S",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Sinha, Rishitosh K.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2015Icar..245..122S; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.028; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Amazonian modification of Moreux crater: Record of recent and episodic glaciation in the Protonilus Mensae region of Mars",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sinha, Rishitosh K."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "ads": "2015Icar..245..122S"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2023PhRvD.108f4005L",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Li, Hong-Bo\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2023PhRvD.108f4005L; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1103/physrevd.108.064005; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>\n-mode of neutron stars in pseudo-Newtonian gravity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li, Hong-Bo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "ads": "2023PhRvD.108f4005L"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021MNRAS.508..371A",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Armah, Mark\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2021MNRAS.508..371A; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1093/mnras/stab2610; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies – VII. Direct abundance determination of neon based on optical and infrared emission lines",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Armah, Mark"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "ads": "2021MNRAS.508..371A"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021AJ....161...58F",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Fardal, Mark A.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2021AJ....161...58F; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3847/1538-3881/abcccf; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mapping Gaia Parallax Systematic Errors over the Sky with Faint Milky Way Stars",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fardal, Mark A."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "ads": "2021AJ....161...58F"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2019IBVS.6268....1R",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Rosales, J. A.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2019IBVS.6268....1R; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.22444/ibvs.6268; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "New Double Periodic Variable stars in the ASAS-SN Catalog",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rosales, J. A."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "ads": "2019IBVS.6268....1R"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021GeoRL..4892939L",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Lenetsky, Jed E.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2021GeoRL..4892939L; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1029/2021gl092939; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Statistical Modeling of the Bering Strait Throughflow for Operational Sea Ice Forecasting in the Chukchi Sea",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lenetsky, Jed E."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "ads": "2021GeoRL..4892939L"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2023GeoRL..5001288C",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Chi-Durán, Rodrigo\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2023GeoRL..5001288C; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1029/2022gl101288; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Extracting Spatial–Temporal Coherent Patterns in Geomagnetic Secular Variation Using Dynamic Mode Decomposition",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chi-Durán, Rodrigo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "ads": "2023GeoRL..5001288C"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2018ApJS..238...23S",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Shin, Jaejin\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2018ApJS..238...23S; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3847/1538-4365/aadcb0; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Catalog of X-Ray Point Sources in the Abell 133 Region",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Shin, Jaejin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "ads": "2018ApJS..238...23S"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2019JCAP...02..014C",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Cirelli, Marco\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2019JCAP...02..014C; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1088/1475-7516/2019/02/014; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Homeopathic Dark Matter, or how diluted heavy substances produce high energy cosmic rays",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cirelli, Marco"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "ads": "2019JCAP...02..014C"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2021JGRE..12606711L",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Lichtenberg, Tim\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2021JGRE..12606711L; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1029/2020je006711; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Vertically Resolved Magma Ocean–Protoatmosphere Evolution: H<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, O<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>as Primary Absorbers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lichtenberg, Tim"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "ads": "2021JGRE..12606711L"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2020CeMDA.132...38M",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Murray, Maxime\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2020CeMDA.132...38M; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s10569-020-09977-1; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Homoclinic dynamics in a spatial restricted four-body problem: blue skies into Smale horseshoes for vertical Lyapunov families",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Murray, Maxime"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "ads": "2020CeMDA.132...38M"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2022ApJS..259...16W",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Wrona, Marcin\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2022ApJS..259...16W; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.3847/1538-4365/ac4018; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The OGLE Collection of Variable Stars: One Thousand Heartbeat Stars in the Galactic Bulge and Magellanic Clouds",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wrona, Marcin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "ads": "2022ApJS..259...16W"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2019PhRvD..99j4021D",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"de la Cruz-Dombriz, Álvaro\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2019PhRvD..99j4021D; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1103/physrevd.99.104021; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Nonsingular and ghost-free infinite derivative gravity with torsion",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "de la Cruz-Dombriz, Álvaro"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "ads": "2019PhRvD..99j4021D"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2015EJPh...36a5022F",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Frenkel, Andor\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2015EJPh...36a5022F; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1088/0143-0807/36/1/015022; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the use of projection operators in electrodynamics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Frenkel, Andor"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "ads": "2015EJPh...36a5022F"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2023ExA....55..625Y",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Yang, Yanji\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2023ExA....55..625Y; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1007/s10686-022-09870-9; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Design and testing of the Optics for FXT onboard EP satellite",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yang, Yanji"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "ads": "2023ExA....55..625Y"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2018MNRAS.475...63H",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Huré, J.-M.\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2018MNRAS.475...63H; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1093/mnras/stx2886; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The equilibrium of overpressurized polytropes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Huré, J.-M."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "ads": "2018MNRAS.475...63H"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2016NPPP..273.2269W",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Wong, Kaven Yau\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2016NPPP..273.2269W; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2015.09.370; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Top-quark mass measurements using the ATLAS detector at the LHC",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wong, Kaven Yau"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "ads": "2016NPPP..273.2269W"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-ads-blind-2016PhLB..762..157W",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "ads",
      "claimed_source": "crossref-title-ads-author",
      "description": "Blind-holdout ADS citation. Identifier = ADS bibcode (verifier resolves via the ADS adapter → the ADS title, with <SUB>/<SUP>/<i> markup); the claimed author is ADS's OWN \"Wu, Yi-Peng\" comma-form string (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing), unparsed. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: ADS↔publisher-DOI linked, author+year corroborate (±2); title not compared.",
      "source": "NASA ADS random (pubdate-month) draw over refereed astronomy; 2016PhLB..762..157W; claimed cross-sourced from Crossref DOI 10.1016/j.physletb.2016.09.025; corroborated author+year (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Inflation with teleparallelism: Can torsion generate primordial fluctuations without local Lorentz symmetry?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wu, Yi-Peng"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "ads": "2016PhLB..762..157W"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:ads"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270779",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/270779; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.09.072462; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Context counts: training health workers in and for rural and remote areas",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Strasser, Roger"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/270779"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271977",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271977; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.15.163550; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Silicosis and silicotuberculosis in India",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sharma, Nandini"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271977"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-269984",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/269984; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.06.033597; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Effectiveness of global health partnerships: will the past repeat itself?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lorenz, Nicolaus"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/269984"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-344874",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/344874; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.20.278473; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Global access to affordable direct oral anticoagulants",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Neumann, Ignacio"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/344874"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270004",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/270004; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.06.036822; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Resistance and renewal: health sector reform and Cambodia’s national tuberculosis programme",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hill, Peter S"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/270004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271517",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271517; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.13.127944; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "BRICS’ contributions to the global health agenda",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kickbusch, Ilona"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271517"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271933",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271933; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.15.164020; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Community health worker programmes after the 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Perry, Henry B"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271933"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271377",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271377; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.13.127027; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Accelerating action towards universal health coverage by applying a gender lens",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rodin, Judith"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271377"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271649",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271649; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.14.138420; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A call for global governance of biobanks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen, Haidan"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271649"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271165",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271165; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.11.095430; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Uganda",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kuznik, Andreas"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271165"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271163",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271163; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.11.097253; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Achieving high coverage in Rwanda's national human papillomavirus vaccination programme",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Binagwaho, Agnes"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271163"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-386342",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/386342; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.25.294599; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Policy analysis and expert consultation on cross-border telehealth services",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Perrin Franck, Caroline"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/386342"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-364662",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/364662; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.22.288147; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Provision of rehabilitation for congenital conditions",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Smythe, Tracey"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/364662"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-379738",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/379738; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.24.292756; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A critical pathway to reducing maternal, newborn and child mortality",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Langlois, Etienne V"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/379738"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271092",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271092; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.11.093419; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Likely effectiveness of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions for mitigating influenza virus transmission in Mongolia",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bolton, KJ"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271092"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-380427",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/380427; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.24.291643; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Digitalization of health care in low- and middle-income countries",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Monlezun, Dominique J"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/380427"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-384597",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/384597; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.25.293893; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "WHO definitions for reserve antibiotics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zanichelli, Veronica"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/384597"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-269812",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/269812; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.08.051789; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Pilot testing of WHO Child Growth Standards in Chandigarh: implications for India’s child health programmes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Prinja, Shankar"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/269812"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-269943",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/269943; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.07.032763; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "SARS: how a global epidemic was stopped",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chew, Suok Kai"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/269943"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271538",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271538; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.13.127639; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Is there scope for cost savings and efficiency gains in HIV services? A systematic review of the evidence from low- and middle-income countries",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Siapka, Mariana"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271538"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-274089",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/274089; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.18.215509; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Motorcycle helmet use to reduce road traffic deaths in Thailand",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nishi, Akihiro"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274089"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-374230",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/374230; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.23.290901; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Target product profiles: tests for tuberculosis treatment monitoring and optimization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gupta-Wright, Ankur"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/374230"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271583",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271583; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.14.145219; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Sustainable health: the need for new developmental models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Borowy, Iris"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271583"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271949",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271949; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.15.166777; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Tetanus disease and deaths in men reveal need for vaccination",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dalal, Shona"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271949"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-330392",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/330392; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.19.233239; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Charging for the use of survey instruments on population health: the case of quality-adjusted life years",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Teerawattananon, Yot"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330392"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-376175",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/376175; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.23.290068; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Tuberculosis contact tracing, Angola",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Martínez-Campreciós, Joan"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/376175"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270126",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/270126; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.07.049601; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "What evolutionary biology offers public health",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nesse, Randolph M"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/270126"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271240",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271240; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.12.106955; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Aid for Trade: an opportunity to increase fruit and vegetable supply",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Thow, Anne Marie"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271240"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270459",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/270459; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.07.049544; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bismarck meets Beveridge on the Silk Road: coordinating funding sources to create a universal health financing system in Kyrgyzstan",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kutzin, Joseph"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/270459"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271438",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271438; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.13.126953; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Health workforce benchmarks for universal health coverage and sustainable development",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Scheil-Adlung, Xenia"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271438"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270478",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/270478; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.09.069575; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The impact of pictures on the effectiveness of tobacco warnings",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fong, Geoffrey T"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/270478"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270190",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/270190; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.07.048025; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Safety profile of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: systematic review of pre- and post-licensure data",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "DeStefano, Frank"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/270190"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-384590",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/384590; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.25.295391; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Effective care for mothers and their babies during humanitarian crises",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cocoman, Olive"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/384590"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270725",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/270725; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.09.070185; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Understanding the correlations between wealth, poverty and human immunodeficiency virus infection in African countries",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Parkhurst, Justin O"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/270725"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270378",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/270378; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.07.048264; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "High incidence of childhood pneumonia at high altitudes in Pakistan: a longitudinal cohort study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Khan, Aamir J"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/270378"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271672",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271672; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.14.135756; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Understanding why people participate in HIV surveillance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zaba, Basia"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271672"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-376993",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/376993; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.23.290243; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Global, regional and national trends and impacts of natural floods, 1990–2022",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu, Qiao"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/376993"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-366725",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/366725; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.23.289906; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Global health inequities: a call for papers",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tangcharoensathien, Viroj"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/366725"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-376450",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/376450; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.23.289736; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fertility history and intentions of married women, China",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li, Qin"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/376450"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-271629",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/271629; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.14.136242; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Informing evidence-based policies for ageing and health in Ghana",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Araujo de Carvalho, Islene"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/271629"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-375941",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/375941; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.23.290480; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Forum shifting in global health security",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wenham, Clare"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/375941"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "clean-whoiris-blind-10665-270141",
      "arm": "clean",
      "attack_type": null,
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "easy",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "who-iris",
      "description": "Blind-holdout WHO-IRIS citation. Identifier = the apps.who.int/iris/handle URL; the verifier finds the page's DOI and resolves via Crossref (source-of-truth = the Crossref title). Claimed title+author CROSS-SOURCED from WHO IRIS's own Dublin Core (OAI-PMH) — distinct from Crossref. Ground-truth TITLE-INDEPENDENT: the WHO record's dc:identifier carries the DOI (same-work link) + author corroborates; year skipped (WHO dc:date is the ingest date).",
      "source": "WHO IRIS OAI-PMH random ingest-window draw; handle 10665/270141; verifier DOI-pivots to Crossref 10.2471/blt.07.043083; claim cross-sourced from WHO Dublin Core; corroborated author (title-independent); seed=20260801",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Stillbirth in rural Bangladesh: arsenic exposure and other etiological factors: a report from Gonoshasthaya Kendra",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cherry, Nicola"
          }
        ],
        "whoIrisUrl": "https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/270141"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"]
      },
      "stratum": "clean:whoiris"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1080-09640568-2021-1885018",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1080/09640568.2021.1885018 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A multi-scale finite-element framework for fatigue crack propagation in additively manufactured titanium alloys",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Koelman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1080/09640568.2021.1885018"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3390-ani10010091",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/ani10010091 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gut microbiome diversity predicts immunotherapy response in stage III melanoma: a prospective cohort",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lau"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.3390/ani10010091"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1109-jestpe-2021-3102144",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1109/jestpe.2021.3102144 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Quantum error mitigation via zero-noise extrapolation on superconducting transmon arrays",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1109/jestpe.2021.3102144"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-46813-2019-123-083",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.46813/2019-123-083 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Socioeconomic determinants of vaccine hesitancy in peri-urban sub-Saharan communities",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gulik"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.46813/2019-123-083"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s00253-018-9467-6",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00253-018-9467-6 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Attention-gated graph neural networks for ligand–protein binding-affinity prediction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fait"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00253-018-9467-6"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1108-ijrdm-02-2023-0073",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1108/ijrdm-02-2023-0073 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Sea-level-rise projections for low-lying Pacific atolls under SSP5-8.5 scenarios",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brei"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1108/ijrdm-02-2023-0073"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1002-2015ja021336",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/2015ja021336 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A randomized trial of intermittent fasting versus caloric restriction in type 2 diabetes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Masci"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1002/2015ja021336"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3390-w14070999",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/w14070999 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Topological edge states in two-dimensional photonic crystals with broken inversion symmetry",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Addona"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.3390/w14070999"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1126-science-aar3394",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1126/science.aar3394 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Long-term effects of early-childhood bilingual education on executive function",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "He"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1126/science.aar3394"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3390-pr8101225",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/pr8101225 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "CRISPR-Cas13 knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Park"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.3390/pr8101225"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1038-d41586-019-02109-2",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1038/d41586-019-02109-2 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Reinforcement learning for adaptive traffic-signal control in heterogeneous urban networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cyranoski"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1038/d41586-019-02109-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s13592-020-00771-4",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s13592-020-00771-4 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Paleoclimate reconstruction from speleothem oxygen isotopes in the East Asian monsoon region",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zambra"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1007/s13592-020-00771-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1088-1755-1315-632-2-022040",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/632/2/022040 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A meta-analysis of mindfulness-based interventions for chronic lower-back pain",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Guo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1088/1755-1315/632/2/022040"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3390-en11071845",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/en11071845 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Scalable Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus for permissioned blockchain networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.3390/en11071845"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1142-s0218127423500049",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1142/s0218127423500049 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Microplastic accumulation in deep-sea sediments of the Mariana Trench",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1142/s0218127423500049"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-jfca-2015-12-003",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.12.003 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Single-cell transcriptomics reveals fibroblast heterogeneity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mudge"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jfca.2015.12.003"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s42835-020-00582-8",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s42835-020-00582-8 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Deep-learning segmentation of coronary plaque in CT angiography",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bašić"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1007/s42835-020-00582-8"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1088-1748-0221-15-09-p09017",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/15/09/p09017 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Soil carbon sequestration under regenerative grazing in temperate grasslands",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1088/1748-0221/15/09/p09017"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1021-acsbiomaterials-0c01324",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01324 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A phase II trial of oncolytic virotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Takeda"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01324"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3390-ijms161023760",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/ijms161023760 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Spin-orbit coupling in twisted bilayer graphene heterostructures",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bailão"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.3390/ijms161023760"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-ecolecon-2022-107400",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107400 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Maternal antibiotic exposure and offspring asthma risk: a national cohort study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Strazzera"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107400"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3934-math-2021412",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3934/math.2021412 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Federated learning for privacy-preserving clinical risk prediction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.3934/math.2021412"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3390-su12020462",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/su12020462 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Wavelet-based denoising of gravitational-wave detector strain data",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Loor Alcívar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.3390/su12020462"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s10508-023-02760-x",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s10508-023-02760-x sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Coral-reef recovery dynamics after marine heatwave bleaching events",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ertl"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10508-023-02760-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-4236-me-2016-75060",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.4236/me.2016.75060 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A double-blind trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.4236/me.2016.75060"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3811-jjmf-2023-019",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3811/jjmf.2023.019 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Mechanistic interpretability of attention heads in large language models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "MURASE"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.3811/jjmf.2023.019"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-2174-2212798410666190619110251",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.2174/2212798410666190619110251 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Enzymatic depolymerization of PET microplastics by engineered cutinases",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Senouci"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.2174/2212798410666190619110251"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1177-15554120211027475",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/15554120211027475 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Host-genome integration patterns of latent herpesvirus in neural tissue",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Vught"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1177/15554120211027475"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1115-1-4029184",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1115/1.4029184 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Dark-matter halo concentration from weak-lensing shear measurements",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rojas Arciniegas"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1115/1.4029184"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s00373-021-02293-x",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00373-021-02293-x sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A randomized trial of telehealth-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00373-021-02293-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-envres-2018-10-025",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.025 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A multi-scale finite-element framework for fatigue crack propagation in additively manufactured titanium alloys",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Van Ginneken"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.025"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-proci-2022-07-019",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.019 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Gut microbiome diversity predicts immunotherapy response in stage III melanoma: a prospective cohort",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.019"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-hjdsi-2015-11-001",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2015.11.001 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Quantum error mitigation via zero-noise extrapolation on superconducting transmon arrays",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hudspeth"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.hjdsi.2015.11.001"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3390-jcdd4020005",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/jcdd4020005 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Socioeconomic determinants of vaccine hesitancy in peri-urban sub-Saharan communities",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mohan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.3390/jcdd4020005"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1039-c7ay00867h",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1039/c7ay00867h sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Attention-gated graph neural networks for ligand–protein binding-affinity prediction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Forbes"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1039/c7ay00867h"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-comptc-2018-05-013",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "with",
          "to": "without"
        },
        {
          "from": "absence",
          "to": "presence"
        },
        {
          "from": "presence",
          "to": "absence"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without, absence→presence, presence→absence) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.05.013 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without, absence→presence, presence→absence) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A computational study on interactions of Ni- and Pt-doped boron nitride nano tubes without NH 3 in presence and absence of electric fields",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mohsennia"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.comptc.2018.05.013"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1002-ijc-30170",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "survival",
          "to": "mortality"
        },
        {
          "from": "children",
          "to": "adults"
        },
        {
          "from": "with",
          "to": "without"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (survival→mortality, children→adults, with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/ijc.30170 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (survival→mortality, children→adults, with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Factors influencing mortality among Kenyan adults diagnosed without endemic Burkitt lymphoma between 2003 and 2011: A historical cohort study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Buckle"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1002/ijc.30170"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1044-2017-aja-17-0009",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "With",
          "to": "Without"
        },
        {
          "from": "Loss",
          "to": "Gain"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (With→Without, Loss→Gain) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1044/2017_aja-17-0009 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (With→Without, Loss→Gain) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Audiometric Testing With Pulsed, Steady, and Warble Tones in Listeners Without Tinnitus and Hearing Gain",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lentz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1044/2017_aja-17-0009"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-pscychresns-2016-04-004",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "women",
          "to": "men"
        },
        {
          "from": "with",
          "to": "without"
        },
        {
          "from": "positive",
          "to": "negative"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (women→men, with→without, positive→negative) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.04.004 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (women→men, with→without, positive→negative) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Cortical thickness and VBM in young men at risk for familial depression and their depressed mothers without negative family history",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ozalay"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.04.004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-4018-ijwnbt-2017070101",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "Reduced",
          "to": "Elevated"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Reduced→Elevated) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.4018/ijwnbt.2017070101 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Reduced→Elevated) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Detection of PUE Attack in CRN with Elevated Error in Location Estimation Using Novel Bat Algorithm",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rehman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.4018/ijwnbt.2017070101"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3390-molecules27134252",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "Mice",
          "to": "Humans"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Mice→Humans) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/molecules27134252 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Mice→Humans) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Influence of CB2-Receptor Ligands on the Memory-Related Responses in Connection with Cholinergic Pathways in Humans in the Passive Avoidance Test",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kruk-Slomka"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.3390/molecules27134252"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1177-00220345231177996",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "Inhibition",
          "to": "Activation"
        },
        {
          "from": "after",
          "to": "before"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Inhibition→Activation, after→before) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/00220345231177996 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Inhibition→Activation, after→before) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Activation of Mertk Signaling Enhances Bone Healing before Tooth Extraction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Decker"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1177/00220345231177996"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1097-md-0000000000002936",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "With",
          "to": "Without"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (With→Without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1097/md.0000000000002936 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (With→Without) for the blind eval, 2026-08-01 (replacement: the original entry's only flip was a non-semantic with/without).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "dCK Expression and Gene Polymorphism With Gemcitabine Chemosensitivity in Patients Without Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xiong"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1097/md.0000000000002936"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1002-jcu-23126",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "with",
          "to": "without"
        },
        {
          "from": "acute",
          "to": "chronic"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without, acute→chronic) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/jcu.23126 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without, acute→chronic) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography‐based thrombolysis treatment in patients without chronic ischemic stroke",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1002/jcu.23126"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-17660-actahortic-2020-1296-98",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "with",
          "to": "without"
        },
        {
          "from": "reduced",
          "to": "elevated"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without, reduced→elevated) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.17660/actahortic.2020.1296.98 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without, reduced→elevated) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Effect of inoculation without rhizobia and elevated water supply in yield and biological nitrogen fixing activity of cowpea",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ntatsi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.17660/actahortic.2020.1296.98"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1177-0145561320924312",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "With",
          "to": "Without"
        },
        {
          "from": "Loss",
          "to": "Gain"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (With→Without, Loss→Gain) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/0145561320924312 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (With→Without, Loss→Gain) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index of Patients Without Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Gain: Comparison of NLR and PRL Values",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ulu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1177/0145561320924312"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1093-cid-ciaa1710",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "With",
          "to": "Without"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (With→Without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1093/cid/ciaa1710 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (With→Without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Early Elevation of Fibrosis-4 Liver Fibrosis Score Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes Among Patients Without Coronavirus Disease 2019",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xiang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1093/cid/ciaa1710"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1038-nrcardio-2017-98",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "Lower",
          "to": "Higher"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Lower→Higher) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.98 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Lower→Higher) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Higher risk of cardiovascular death with canagliflozin",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Huynh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1038/nrcardio.2017.98"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1371-journal-pone-0128670",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "Mouse",
          "to": "Human"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Mouse→Human) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0128670 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Mouse→Human) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Human DRG Cell Line with Properties of Nociceptors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Doran"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0128670"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-jtct-2022-03-011",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "Reduced",
          "to": "Elevated"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Reduced→Elevated) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.03.011 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Reduced→Elevated) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Myeloablative Versus Elevated-Intensity Conditioning With Fludarabine/Busulfan for Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kurosawa"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jtct.2022.03.011"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-ijporl-2017-08-011",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "loss",
          "to": "gain"
        },
        {
          "from": "children",
          "to": "adults"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (loss→gain, children→adults) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.08.011 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (loss→gain, children→adults) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "HIV status and hearing gain among adults between 6 and 12 years of age at a large urban health facility in south western Uganda",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nakku"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.08.011"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1002-cre2-3",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "in vitro",
          "to": "in vivo"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (in vitro→in vivo) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/cre2.3 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (in vitro→in vivo) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Accuracy of implant surgery with surgical guide by inexperienced clinicians: an in vivo study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Toyoshima"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1002/cre2.3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-jcjq-2023-01-003",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "Children",
          "to": "Adults"
        },
        {
          "from": "with",
          "to": "without"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Children→Adults, with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.jcjq.2023.01.003 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Children→Adults, with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Medication Rounds: A Tool to Promote Medication Safety for Adults without Medical Complexity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rojas"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jcjq.2023.01.003"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1371-journal-pone-0263104",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "with",
          "to": "without"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0263104 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Metastasis patterns and prognosis of octogenarians without metastatic breast cancer: A large-cohort retrospective study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lv"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0263104"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1021-acsnano-9b01892",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "with",
          "to": "without"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1021/acsnano.9b01892 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-08-01 (replacement: the original entry's only flip was a non-semantic with/without).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Intranasal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes Loaded without Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog siRNA Repairs Complete Spinal Cord Injury",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Guo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1021/acsnano.9b01892"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-bbrc-2019-03-093",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "promotes",
          "to": "suppresses"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (promotes→suppresses) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.093 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (promotes→suppresses) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The m6A demethylase FTO suppresses the growth of lung cancer cells by regulating the m6A level of USP7 mRNA",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.093"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1017-s104795111700244x",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "after",
          "to": "before"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (after→before) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1017/s104795111700244x (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (after→before) for the blind eval, 2026-08-01 (replacement: the original entry's only flip was a non-semantic with/without).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Rapid regression of large cardiac rhabdomyomas in neonates before sirolimus therapy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Weiland"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1017/s104795111700244x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1158-1078-0432-ccr-18-2509",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "human",
          "to": "mouse"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (human→mouse) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2509 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (human→mouse) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Lost in Translation: Deciphering the Mechanism of Action of Anti-mouse CTLA-4",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Quezada"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2509"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1038-s41587-021-01006-2",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "mouse",
          "to": "human"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (mouse→human) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1038/s41587-021-01006-2 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (mouse→human) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Integration of spatial and single-cell transcriptomic data elucidates human organogenesis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lohoff"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41587-021-01006-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-humpath-2023-04-016",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "inhibitor",
          "to": "activator"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (inhibitor→activator) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.04.016 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (inhibitor→activator) for the blind eval, 2026-08-01 (replacement: the original entry's only flip was a non-semantic with/without).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Immune checkpoint activator-induced cutaneous toxicities: a review of histopathologic and clinical features",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Martel"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.humpath.2023.04.016"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-36106-gjra-5004384",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "MALIGNANT",
          "to": "BENIGN"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (MALIGNANT→BENIGN) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.36106/gjra/5004384 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (MALIGNANT→BENIGN) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "INCIDENTALLY DETECTED BENIGN RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY ORIGINATING FROM LEFT CORONARY SINUS: A RARE CASE REPORT",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dwarampudi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.36106/gjra/5004384"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-cmpb-2021-106300",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "negative",
          "to": "positive"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (negative→positive) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106300 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (negative→positive) for the blind eval, 2026-08-01 (replacement: the original entry's only flip was a non-semantic with/without).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Model-based estimation of positive inspiratory driving pressure in patients receiving invasive NAVA mechanical ventilation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Knopp"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106300"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-molstruc-2021-131008",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "reduced",
          "to": "elevated"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (reduced→elevated) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131008 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (reduced→elevated) for the blind eval, 2026-08-01 (replacement: the original entry's only flip was a non-semantic with/without).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Design of elevated graphene hydrogel with alkylamine surface functionalization through immersion/agitation method and its adsorption mechanism",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zheng"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131008"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1097-mpa-0000000000001982",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "Survival",
          "to": "Mortality"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Survival→Mortality) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001982 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Survival→Mortality) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Resection Prolongs Overall Mortality for Nonmetastatic Midgut Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bangla"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1097/mpa.0000000000001982"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-ajem-2021-06-032",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "with",
          "to": "without"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.06.032 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fixed-dose prothrombin complex concentrate for emergent warfarin reversal among patients without intracranial hemorrhage",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dietrich"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ajem.2021.06.032"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1002-bbb-2266",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "inhibition",
          "to": "activation"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (inhibition→activation) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/bbb.2266 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (inhibition→activation) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Effect of formaldehyde precursor and water activation in dimethoxymethane synthesis from methanol over acidic ion exchange resins: mechanism and kinetics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Peláez"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1002/bbb.2266"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1177-17577438231163279",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "higher",
          "to": "lower"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (higher→lower) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/17577438231163279 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (higher→lower) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "1984 revisited: Implications for leaders in lower education in the United States",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Evans"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1177/17577438231163279"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1093-geront-gnad099",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "After",
          "to": "Before"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (After→Before) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1093/geront/gnad099 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (After→Before) for the blind eval, 2026-08-01 (replacement: the original entry's only flip was a non-semantic with/without).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Aging and Emotional Well-Being Before Disasters: Vulnerability and Resilience",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Strough"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1093/geront/gnad099"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-17116-jnevro202212202149",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "with",
          "to": "without"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.17116/jnevro202212202149 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-08-01 (replacement: the original entry's only flip was a non-semantic with/without).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Modern strategies of antithrombotic therapy in patients without multifocal atherosclerosis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kucherenko"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.17116/jnevro202212202149"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-2147-rmi-s356443",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "near_miss_swaps": [
        {
          "from": "Adults",
          "to": "Children"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Adults→Children) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.2147/rmi.s356443 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Adults→Children) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Aortic Knob Diameter in Chest Radiographs of Healthy Children in Uganda",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Magera"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.2147/rmi.s356443"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1089-adt-2015-692",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Oueslati\"; real authors include \"Prokoph\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1089/adt.2015.692 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Development of an ELISA for High-Throughput Screening of Inhibitors of Cdk5-Mediated PPARγ Phosphorylation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Oueslati"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1089/adt.2015.692"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1088-1742-6596-1387-1-012021",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Quesada Pereira\"; real authors include \"Katili\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/1387/1/012021 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Measuring the capability level of IT governance: a research study of COBIT 5 at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Quesada Pereira"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1088/1742-6596/1387/1/012021"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1007-s40031-020-00480-7",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Crawford\"; real authors include \"Mohapatra\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s40031-020-00480-7 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Intelligent Local Search for Test Case Minimization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Crawford"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1007/s40031-020-00480-7"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-47363-jcrr-2021-3-151",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Bao\"; real authors include \"Lin\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.47363/jcrr/2021(3)151 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Immunotherapeutic Peptide Vaccine Approaches to Glioma",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.47363/jcrr/2021(3)151"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1080-15265161-2017-1313335",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Park\"; real authors include \"Adashi\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1080/15265161.2017.1313335 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Conflict of Interest in Medicine: Plausible Deniability?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Park"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1080/15265161.2017.1313335"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1007-s00704-015-1611-y",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Liu\"; real authors include \"Wang\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00704-015-1611-y (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A comparison of two photosynthesis parameterization schemes for an alpine meadow site on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00704-015-1611-y"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-peptides-2018-04-017",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Oueslati\"; real authors include \"Taniguchi\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.04.017 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05; substitute corrected 2026-08-01 (previous surname was author 7 on this same paper — protocol §5 citing-author exclusion).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The antimicrobial and anti-endotoxic peptide AmyI-1-18 from rice α-amylase and its [N3L] analog promote angiogenesis and cell migration",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Oueslati"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.peptides.2018.04.017"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-2988-0006-324x-129-q2-76",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Freisinger\"; real authors include \"Boyko\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.2988/0006-324x-129.q2.76 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Methods of detection, collection and preservation of parasitic isopods (Isopoda: Epicaridea)",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Freisinger"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.2988/0006-324x-129.q2.76"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1177-1012690214551182",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"McMahon\"; real authors include \"Pujadas\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/1012690214551182 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Sports, morality and body: The voices of sportswomen under Franco’s dictatorship",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "McMahon"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1177/1012690214551182"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-yebeh-2020-107679",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Zverovshchikov\"; real authors include \"Viarasilpa\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107679 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Differentiation of psychogenic nonepileptic attacks from status epilepticus among patients intubated for convulsive activity",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zverovshchikov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107679"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-3390-min12121478",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Duan\"; real authors include \"Zimanovskaya\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/min12121478 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Geology, Mineralogy, and Age of Li-Bearing Pegmatites: Case Study of Tochka Deposit (East Kazakhstan)",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Duan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.3390/min12121478"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1038-s41598-017-15244-5",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Inostroza\"; real authors include \"Yang\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-15244-5 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Iodide capped PbS/CdS core-shell quantum dots for efficient long-wavelength near-infrared light-emitting diodes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Inostroza"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-15244-5"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-bonr-2023-101678",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Büttner\"; real authors include \"Drissi\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101678 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Redefining stem cells through their use in musculoskeletal tissue preservation, regeneration, and cancer metastases to bone",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Büttner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101678"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-msec-2018-04-019",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Ansary\"; real authors include \"Wysocki\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.019 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The influence of chemical polishing of titanium scaffolds on their mechanical strength and in-vitro cell response",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ansary"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.019"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1155-2018-6212410",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Scheppe\"; real authors include \"Chen\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1155/2018/6212410 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Aberrant Peripheral Immune Function in a Good Syndrome Patient",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Scheppe"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1155/2018/6212410"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1002-cld-483",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Tallman\"; real authors include \"Goossens\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/cld.483 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Personalized management of hepatocellular carcinoma based on molecular information: Future prospects",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tallman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1002/cld.483"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1042-bst20220162",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Akter\"; real authors include \"Murphy\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1042/bst20220162 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Focal adhesion kinase priming in pancreatic cancer, altering biomechanics to improve chemotherapy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Akter"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1042/bst20220162"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-oftal-2015-10-005",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Korytkin\"; real authors include \"Moreno Páramo\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.oftal.2015.10.005 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Toxicidad de memantina intravítrea en retina de conejos",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Korytkin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.oftal.2015.10.005"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1149-2-0241706jss",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Lorente\"; real authors include \"Lodermeyer\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1149/2.0241706jss (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Review—Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorn-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lorente"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1149/2.0241706jss"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-3390-biomedicines11072050",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Codol\"; real authors include \"Liu\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/biomedicines11072050 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Complex Role of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Cancer Diseases",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Codol"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.3390/biomedicines11072050"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-postharvbio-2019-04-012",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Azimi Alamdary\"; real authors include \"Edgley\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.04.012 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Physiochemistry of blackberries (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) affected by red drupelet reversion",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Azimi Alamdary"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.04.012"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-scitotenv-2021-152215",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Nguyen\"; real authors include \"Boye\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152215 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Greenhouse production contributes to pesticide occurrences in Swedish streams",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nguyen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152215"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-micres-2019-126296",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Wen\"; real authors include \"Mota\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126296 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hsp genes are differentially expressed during Trichoderma asperellum self-recognition, mycoparasitism and thermal stress",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.micres.2019.126296"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1007-s13341-016-0636-x",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Arzyamova\"; real authors include \"Claret\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s13341-016-0636-x (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Actualités en médecine d’urgence",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Arzyamova"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1007/s13341-016-0636-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-cropro-2019-04-006",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Wang\"; real authors include \"Shaw\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.cropro.2019.04.006 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Implications of sub-lethal rates of insecticides and daily time of application on Drosophila suzukii lifecycle",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.cropro.2019.04.006"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1364-ome-7-002361",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Khodabakhsh\"; real authors include \"Waeselmann\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1364/ome.7.002361 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Nd:sapphire channel waveguide laser",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Khodabakhsh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1364/ome.7.002361"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-enpol-2019-01-037",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Angulo Barrios\"; real authors include \"Castagneto Gissey\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.01.037 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Value of energy storage aggregation to the electricity system",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Angulo Barrios"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.enpol.2019.01.037"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1007-s10912-019-09558-w",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Khanam\"; real authors include \"Lewis\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s10912-019-09558-w (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Do No Harm: Exposing the Hippocratic Hoax, directed by Robyn Symon, 2018",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Khanam"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10912-019-09558-w"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-aml-2020-106476",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Suleymanov\"; real authors include \"Chen\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.aml.2020.106476 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Uniform regularity for a Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes system",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Suleymanov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aml.2020.106476"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1007-s11356-019-06948-4",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Mohammad\"; real authors include \"Fallah\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s11356-019-06948-4 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Removal of fluoride ion from aqueous solutions by titania-grafted β-cyclodextrin nanocomposite",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mohammad"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11356-019-06948-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1080-23288604-2016-1234864",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Zhao\"; real authors include \"Ohiri\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1080/23288604.2016.1234864 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An Assessment of Data Availability, Quality, and Use in Malaria Program Decision Making in Nigeria",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1080/23288604.2016.1234864"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-ceramint-2018-11-096",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Aksoy\"; real authors include \"Yang\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.096 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Surface strengthening aluminum alloy by in-situ TiC-TiB2 composite coating",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Aksoy"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.096"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1007-s00204-022-03323-0",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Liu\"; real authors include \"Nilles\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00204-022-03323-0 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "How to avoid misinterpretation of dual reporter gene assay data affected by cell damage",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00204-022-03323-0"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1038-s41385-020-00335-w",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Sun\"; real authors include \"Geuking\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1038/s41385-020-00335-w (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Microbial modulation of intestinal T helper cell responses and implications for disease and therapy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sun"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1038/s41385-020-00335-w"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongauthor-10-1016-j-ciresp-2020-04-008",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-authors",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real title + DOI + year, but the first author is replaced by an unrelated real surname (\"Rubio-Manzano\"; real authors include \"Allué Cabañuz\"). Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.ciresp.2020.04.008 (Crossref); first author swapped to a wrong real surname for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Cáncer de mama contralateral y recurrencia en portadoras BRCA1/2 y no portadoras con alto riesgo de cáncer de mama hereditario tras mastectomía bilateral",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rubio-Manzano"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ciresp.2020.04.008"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-authors"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1016-j-ssmph-2023-101512",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 2 (2023→2025). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101512 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "How has the strict lockdown during the SARS-COV-2 outbreak changed the diet of Spaniards?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mora"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101512"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1007-s00940-016-0367-5",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -2 (2016→2014). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00940-016-0367-5 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Normalisierter Stuhlgang bei erhaltener Schmerzkontrolle",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kathmann"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00940-016-0367-5"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1007-s11138-022-00592-x",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 3 (2022→2025). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s11138-022-00592-x (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Austrians should reject North and Acemoglu: Some critical reflections on Peter Boettke’s The Struggle for a Better World",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "McCloskey"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11138-022-00592-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1007-s40979-015-0003-5",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -1 (2015→2014). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s40979-015-0003-5 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Plagiarism in five universities in Mozambique: Magnitude, detection techniques, and control measures",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Coughlin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2014,
        "doi": "10.1007/s40979-015-0003-5"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1016-j-ijheatmasstransfer-2022-123813",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -3 (2023→2020). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123813 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Experimental investigation, CFD and theoretical modeling of two-phase heat transfer in a three-leg multi-channel heat pipe",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Guichet"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123813"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1007-s00402-021-03769-4",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 1 (2021→2022). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00402-021-03769-4 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Factors related to the early outcome of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy: coronal limb alignment affects more than cartilage degeneration state",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lee"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00402-021-03769-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1590-1677-5449-210021",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 2 (2021→2023). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1590/1677-5449.210021 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre o tratamento medicamentoso dos pacientes com doença arterial periférica: um estudo observacional transversal",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Braghieri"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1590/1677-5449.210021"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1097-mpg-0000000000002774",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -2 (2020→2018). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002774 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Aerophagia During Infant Feeding Causing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease like Symptoms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fishbein"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1097/mpg.0000000000002774"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1016-j-ins-2023-119484",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 3 (2023→2026). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.ins.2023.119484 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Multiple intersections traffic signal control based on cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ins.2023.119484"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1109-tase-2020-3025871",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -1 (2021→2020). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1109/tase.2020.3025871 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Anatomically Constrained Deep Learning for Automating Dental CBCT Segmentation and Lesion Detection",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zheng"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1109/tase.2020.3025871"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1080-15567036-2019-1683097",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -3 (2019→2016). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1080/15567036.2019.1683097 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Techno-economic analysis of an on-grid PV/Wind/Battery hybrid power system used for electrifying building",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Oueslati"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1080/15567036.2019.1683097"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1049-mia2-12308",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 1 (2022→2023). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1049/mia2.12308 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Integral equation analysis of multiport H‐plane microwave circuits by using 2D rectangular cavity Green's functions accelerated by the Ewald Method",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Quesada Pereira"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1049/mia2.12308"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1007-s00520-016-3173-7",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 2 (2016→2018). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00520-016-3173-7 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A new paradigm for examining the correlates of aerobic, strength, and combined exercise: an application to gynecologic cancer survivors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Crawford"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00520-016-3173-7"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1016-j-neunet-2023-04-003",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -2 (2023→2021). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.neunet.2023.04.003 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Resilient fixed-time stabilization of switched neural networks subjected to impulsive deception attacks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.neunet.2023.04.003"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-12653-jecd-2016-23-3-0295",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 3 (2016→2019). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.12653/jecd.2016.23.3.0295 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Characteristics and Significances of China's Rural Tourism",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Park"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.12653/jecd.2016.23.3.0295"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-3389-fgene-2022-1007618",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -1 (2022→2021). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3389/fgene.2022.1007618 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Deep_KsuccSite: A novel deep learning method for the identification of lysine succinylation sites",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.3389/fgene.2022.1007618"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-5582-ddt-2021-01053",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -3 (2021→2018). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.5582/ddt.2021.01053 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Association between anaphylaxis and anti-influenza drug use: An analysis of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tanaka"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.5582/ddt.2021.01053"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1016-j-msea-2023-144805",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 1 (2023→2024). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.msea.2023.144805 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "In-situ micro-cantilever bending studies of a white etching layer thermally induced on rail wheels",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Freisinger"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.msea.2023.144805"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1097-acm-0000000000002339",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 2 (2018→2020). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1097/acm.0000000000002339 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Inspiring Curiosity and Restoring Humility: The Evolution of Competency-Based Continuing Medical Education",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "McMahon"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1097/acm.0000000000002339"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1088-1742-6596-1679-4-042079",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -2 (2020→2018). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/1679/4/042079 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Ensuring the performance characteristics of a friction V-belt variator",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zverovshchikov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1088/1742-6596/1679/4/042079"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1007-s10570-015-0822-9",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 3 (2015→2018). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s10570-015-0822-9 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Viscosity control and reactivity improvements of cellulose fibers by cellulase treatment",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Duan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1007/s10570-015-0822-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1016-j-jvolgeores-2022-107517",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -1 (2022→2021). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107517 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Decoding water-rock interaction and volatile input at La Soufriere volcano (Guadeloupe) using time-series major and trace element analyses in gas condensates",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Inostroza"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107517"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-3390-jimaging8100285",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -3 (2022→2019). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/jimaging8100285 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "CorDeep and the Sacrobosco Dataset: Detection of Visual Elements in Historical Documents",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Büttner"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.3390/jimaging8100285"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1177-2455328x211052209",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 1 (2022→2023). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/2455328x211052209 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Book review: Dwaipayan Sen, The Decline of the Caste Question: Jogendranath Mandal and the Defeat of the Dalit Politics in Bengal",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ansary"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1177/2455328x211052209"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1103-physreva-105-012415",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 2 (2022→2024). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1103/physreva.105.012415 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Complete description of fault-tolerant quantum gate operations for topological Majorana qubit systems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Scheppe"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1103/physreva.105.012415"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1007-s11858-020-01212-3",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -2 (2021→2019). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s11858-020-01212-3 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "What meanings are assessed in collegiate calculus in the United States?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tallman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11858-020-01212-3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-4236-ojss-2018-85011",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 3 (2018→2021). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.4236/ojss.2018.85011 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Amelioration of Salinity Stress in Maize Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Attributes through Seed Priming",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Akter"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.4236/ojss.2018.85011"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-21823-2311-2905-2018-24-3-34-44",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -1 (2018→2017). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.21823/2311-2905-2018-24-3-34-44 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "OUTCOME OF PERIPROSTHETIC FEMORAL FRACTURES IN HIP ARTHROPLASTY",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Korytkin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.21823/2311-2905-2018-24-3-34-44"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1016-j-scitotenv-2014-06-108",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -3 (2015→2012). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.108 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Impacts of agricultural irrigation on nearby freshwater ecosystems: The seasonal influence of triazine herbicides in benthic algal communities",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lorente"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2012,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.108"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1007-s00221-020-05802-1",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 1 (2020→2021). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00221-020-05802-1 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Reward-driven enhancements in motor control are robust to TMS manipulation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Codol"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00221-020-05802-1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1080-14680629-2021-1987303",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 2 (2021→2023). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1080/14680629.2021.1987303 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Toward a realistic asphalt mix ageing protocol",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Azimi Alamdary"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1080/14680629.2021.1987303"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1109-tia-2020-3021365",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -2 (2020→2018). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1109/tia.2020.3021365 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Integration of SCADA Services and Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop Technique in Cross-Infrastructure Holistic Tests of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nguyen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1109/tia.2020.3021365"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-54097-ijeh-v4i3-1646",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by 3 (2022→2025). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.54097/ijeh.v4i3.1646 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Washback of IELTS Listening on Senior School English Listening Teaching and Learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.54097/ijeh.v4i3.1646"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-1007-s11094-023-02916-y",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -1 (2023→2022). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s11094-023-02916-y (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, and Algaecidal Activity of Copper(II) Complexes of Arylmethylene-Bis(4-Hydroxy-6-Methyl-2H-Pyran-2-Ones)",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Arzyamova"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11094-023-02916-y"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongyear-10-2139-ssrn-3554517",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "real-doi-wrong-year",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "calibration": true,
      "description": "Real title + DOI + authors, year off by -3 (2020→2017). CALIBRATION bucket (§4.B: matched/med ↔ mismatch/low) — not the flagged-recall denominator.",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3554517 (Crossref); year perturbed for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the Inconsistency of Nonparametric Bootstraps for the Subvector Anderson-Rubin Test",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.3554517"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "matched",
        "confidence_in": ["medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:real-doi-wrong-year"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1007-s00707-022-03389-y",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.07.018). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1007/s00707-022-03389-y; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.07.018, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Homotopy solution for nonlinear vibration analysis of multilayer graphene platelets-reinforced thin-walled pipes conveying fluid with rectangular cross-section",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Khodabakhsh"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.07.018"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-3390-s22030903",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.051). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.3390/s22030903; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.051, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Smartphone-Based Refractive Index Optosensing Platform Using a DVD Grating",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Angulo Barrios"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.051"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1016-j-phyplu-2021-100200",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1080/17549175.2018.1484793). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100200; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1080/17549175.2018.1484793, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Therapeutic indication of Phloridzin: A new Gleam for metabolic disorders",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Khanam"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1080/17549175.2018.1484793"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-34031-2071-7318-2022-7-5-17-24",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1080/00343404.2015.1108519). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.34031/2071-7318-2022-7-5-17-24; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1080/00343404.2015.1108519, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "INCREASING THE THERMAL UNIFORMITY OF WALLS MADE  OF CELLULAR CONCRETE BLOCKS",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Suleymanov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1080/00343404.2015.1108519"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1021-acsinfecdis-7b00215",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.cej.2022.139019). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00215; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.cej.2022.139019, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Discovery of a Novel Dibromoquinoline Compound Exhibiting Potent Antifungal and Antivirulence Activity That Targets Metal Ion Homeostasis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mohammad"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.cej.2022.139019"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1016-j-msec-2015-01-084",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.214). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.084; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.214, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Calcium phosphate coated Keratin–PCL scaffolds for potential bone tissue regeneration",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.214"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-58600-eurjther1886",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1111/sena.12334). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.58600/eurjther1886; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1111/sena.12334, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Dermoscopic Diagnosis of a Non-Pigmented Skin Tumor: Eccrine Poroma",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Aksoy"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1111/sena.12334"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-3389-feart-2022-1042371",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107693). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.3389/feart.2022.1042371; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107693, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Seismic stratigraphy and development of a modern isolated carbonate platform (Xuande Atoll) in the South China Sea",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107693"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1186-s12882-023-03106-4",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.3390/polym11040703). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1186/s12882-023-03106-4; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.3390/polym11040703, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The clinical efficacy of fluticasone propionate combined with ACEI/ARB in the treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sun"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.3390/polym11040703"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-3233-ifs-151645",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.5327/z1414-4425202227835). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.3233/ifs-151645; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.5327/z1414-4425202227835, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Incorporation of abstraction capability in a logic-based framework by using proximity relations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Rubio-Manzano"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.5327/z1414-4425202227835"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1002-mus-26852",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.3171/2014.10.spine14129). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1002/mus.26852; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.3171/2014.10.spine14129, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Cold aggravates abnormal excitability of motor axons in oxaliplatin‐treated patients",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bennedsgaard"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.3171/2014.10.spine14129"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-37882-2500-3682-2021-01-20",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.14770/jgsk.2018.54.2.133). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.37882/2500-3682.2021.01.20; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.14770/jgsk.2018.54.2.133, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Экзистенция Любви в текстах «русского» рока (экзистенциально- аксиологический анализ)",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Фетисова"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.14770/jgsk.2018.54.2.133"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1111-aje-12860",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1142/s1793042117500828). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1111/aje.12860; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1142/s1793042117500828, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Anthropogenic impact on wildlife resource use: Spatial and temporal shifts in elephants’ access to water",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Buchholtz"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1142/s1793042117500828"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-3390-nano10101970",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.033). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.3390/nano10101970; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.033, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Review of Biodegradable Natural Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Idrees"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.033"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1016-j-surfcoat-2019-02-073",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.3390/pr9112002). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.02.073; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.3390/pr9112002, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Fabrication and optical emission spectroscopy of enhanced corrosion-resistant CPEO films on Q235 low carbon steel",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.3390/pr9112002"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1016-j-agwat-2023-108276",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1080/0267257x.2019.1697104). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108276; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1080/0267257x.2019.1697104, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Are the C-band backscattering coefficient and interferometric coherence suitable substitutes of NDVI for the monitoring of the FAO-56 crop coefficient?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ouaadi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1080/0267257x.2019.1697104"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-5891-jafps-49-151",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.59687/educaniora.v1i2.36). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.5891/jafps.49.151; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.59687/educaniora.v1i2.36, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Elucidation and Application of Food Science Properties of Fermented Wheat Starch Derived KUZU-MOCHI, a Traditional Food Originating in Edo",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "NOGUCHI"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.59687/educaniora.v1i2.36"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-5762-kais-2015-16-11-7820",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-1-10-25). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.5762/kais.2015.16.11.7820; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-1-10-25, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An Analysis of Eating Out Expenditure Behavior of Urban Households by Decile Group",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Choi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-1-10-25"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1021-acsomega-2c00975",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1007/s11367-022-02044-x). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1021/acsomega.2c00975; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1007/s11367-022-02044-x, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evaluation of Poultry Manure: Combination of Phosphorus Recovery and Activated Carbon Production",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Topcu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1007/s11367-022-02044-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-5418-ra2018-1423-0006",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100571). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.5418/ra2018.1423.0006; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100571, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A geografia importa: análise da dimensão espacial de duas políticas educacionais no estado de São Paulo",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Girotto"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100571"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1007-s13566-016-0248-5",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1093/ajhp/zxac058). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1007/s13566-016-0248-5; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1093/ajhp/zxac058, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Outcomes after adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer at a comprehensive cancer center",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Holliday"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1093/ajhp/zxac058"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-11569-wcjd-v30-i8-341",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.dib.2021.107348). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i8.341; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107348, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "New progress in the mechanism of microenvironment-driven chemoradiotherapy resistance in digestive system tumors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.dib.2021.107348"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-7161-omuanajas-673760",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.3390/foods10102332). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.7161/omuanajas.673760; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.3390/foods10102332, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bazı arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) çeşitlerinin in vitro gaz üretimi, organik madde sindirilebilirliği, besin maddeleri içerikleri ve enerji değerlerinin karşılaştırılması",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "MURUZ"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.3390/foods10102332"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1080-00128775-2015-1126787",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.jfa.2015.02.010). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1080/00128775.2015.1126787; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.jfa.2015.02.010, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Economic Convergence in the EU: A Complexity Approach",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ertan Özgüzer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jfa.2015.02.010"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1177-10384162211066378",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.18410/jebmh/2017/1146). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1177/10384162211066378; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.18410/jebmh/2017/1146, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "HERO elements of Psychological Capital: Fostering career sustainability via resource caravans",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nimmi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.18410/jebmh/2017/1146"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-3389-fimmu-2022-842633",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.3390/plants9040497). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842633; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.3390/plants9040497, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Editorial: The Clinical Application of Neoantigens",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zhou"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.3390/plants9040497"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-3389-fpsyg-2018-01713",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1109/jiot.2018.2882783). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01713; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1109/jiot.2018.2882783, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Dissociable Effects of Psychopathic Traits on Executive Functioning: Insights From the Triarchic Model",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pasion"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1109/jiot.2018.2882783"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1063-5-0069868",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1590/1518-8345.4658.3465). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1063/5.0069868; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1590/1518-8345.4658.3465, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On a vertical chain of small bubbles ascending in a viscoelastic fluid",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Yuan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1590/1518-8345.4658.3465"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1002-elan-201500241",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1088/1742-6596/2471/1/012020). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1002/elan.201500241; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/2471/1/012020, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Click‐Conjugation of Nanogold‐Functionalized PAMAM Dendrimer: Toward a Novel Electrochemical Detection Platform",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1088/1742-6596/2471/1/012020"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1155-2021-6622149",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.4103/uros.uros_16_21). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1155/2021/6622149; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.4103/uros.uros_16_21, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Model Predictive Control of Nonlinear System Based on GA‐RBP Neural Network and Improved Gradient Descent Method",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Wang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.4103/uros.uros_16_21"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-7759-cureus-10938",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1186/s40663-020-00228-1). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.7759/cureus.10938; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1186/s40663-020-00228-1, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Educational and Personal Opportunity Costs of Medical Student Preparation for the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Exam: A Single-Center Study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cortes-Penfield"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1186/s40663-020-00228-1"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1007-s00405-020-06216-z",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106770). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1007/s00405-020-06216-z; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106770, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Multidimensional evaluation of voice outcomes following total laryngectomy: a prospective multicenter cohort study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "van Sluis"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106770"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1055-a-1521-5124",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1108/jsm-10-2016-0353). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1055/a-1521-5124; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1108/jsm-10-2016-0353, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Upper Paralimbal Zone is Especially Susceptible to Ruptures Due to Blunt Trauma",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Osterried"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1108/jsm-10-2016-0353"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-1158-1055-9965-epi-17-0799",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1111/ajt.13324). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0799; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1111/ajt.13324, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Is Chronic Exposure to Low-Dose Organochlorine Pesticides a New Risk Factor of T-cell Immunosenescence?",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ryu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1111/ajt.13324"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-wrongdoi-10-2196-30221",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "wrong-doi",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "Real paper X's title/authors + a different real paper Y's DOI (10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.07.005). X exists elsewhere → per §4.B expect ambiguous.",
      "source": "Title from real DOI 10.2196/30221; identifier swapped to unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.07.005, for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Core Competencies to Promote Consistency and Standardization of Best Practices for Digital Peer Support: Focus Group Study",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Collins-Pisano"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.07.005"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "ambiguous",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:wrong-doi"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534732",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534732, paper A) and DOI (10.1186/s12883-023-03095-9, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534732 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1186/s12883-023-03095-9 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Association of Sociodemographic Characteristics with the Time Spent in Occupational Activities of Older Persons in Malaysia",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ke"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "42534732",
        "doi": "10.1186/s12883-023-03095-9"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534728",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534728, paper A) and DOI (10.1200/edbk_175342, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534728 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1200/edbk_175342 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Beyond visual inspection: the deep learning revolution in quantitative cerebrovascular imaging",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "42534728",
        "doi": "10.1200/edbk_175342"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534723",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534723, paper A) and DOI (10.1089/photob.2020.4863, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534723 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1089/photob.2020.4863 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Functional Limitations in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy: Prevalence, Optimal Cut-off Points, and Impact on Physical and Mental Health",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Khamnon"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "42534723",
        "doi": "10.1089/photob.2020.4863"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534700",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534700, paper A) and DOI (10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153023, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534700 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153023 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "DeepVARwT: deep learning for a VAR model with trend",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Li"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534700",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153023"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534632",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534632, paper A) and DOI (10.13000/jfmse.2016.28.5.1244, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534632 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.13000/jfmse.2016.28.5.1244 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Obesity in Southeast Asian Populations: A Systematic Review without Meta-Analysis",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Vijakumaran"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "42534632",
        "doi": "10.13000/jfmse.2016.28.5.1244"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534585",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534585, paper A) and DOI (10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104301, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534585 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104301 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Exploring the Relationship Between Angiogenesis Inhibition of sFLT-1 and Sickle Cell Nephropathy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ogunkunle"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "42534585",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104301"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534574",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534574, paper A) and DOI (10.1007/s11164-021-04569-6, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534574 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1007/s11164-021-04569-6 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Obliteration Rate of Arteriovenous Malformation by Radiosurgery",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mohd"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "42534574",
        "doi": "10.1007/s11164-021-04569-6"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534529",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534529, paper A) and DOI (10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.004, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534529 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.004 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Alcohol in Context: Alcohol Experiences Among First-Year Residence-Dwelling Students at Two Canadian Universities",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liaukovich"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534529",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.004"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534505",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534505, paper A) and DOI (10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106473, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534505 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106473 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Modeling multivariate ordinal time series",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jahn"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534505",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106473"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534497",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534497, paper A) and DOI (10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.08.050, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534497 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.08.050 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Testing the distribution change in multivariate data using rank energy statistics",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Liu"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534497",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.08.050"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534494",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534494, paper A) and DOI (10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006568, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534494 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006568 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Operando photoelectron spectromicroscopy of nanodevices: Correlating the surface chemistry and transport in SnO(2) nanowire chemiresistors",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kolmakov"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmid": "42534494",
        "doi": "10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006568"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534491",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534491, paper A) and DOI (10.1080/01924036.2021.1949739, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534491 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1080/01924036.2021.1949739 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Learning from the Drug Policy Curriculum: People Who Use Drugs Policing in the Context of Decriminalization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Zakimi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534491",
        "doi": "10.1080/01924036.2021.1949739"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534489",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534489, paper A) and DOI (10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.012, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534489 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.012 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bias reduction methods in the hierarchical likelihood approach for shared frailty model of clustered failure time data",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kusi"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534489",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.012"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534483",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534483, paper A) and DOI (10.1007/s11581-019-03390-x, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534483 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1007/s11581-019-03390-x (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bayesian hierarchical time-varying distributed lag nonlinear model: applications in the short-term association between ambient temperature and daily confirmed cases of COVID-19",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Han"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534483",
        "doi": "10.1007/s11581-019-03390-x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534481",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534481, paper A) and DOI (10.1109/lcomm.2023.3239823, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534481 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1109/lcomm.2023.3239823 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Acceptance sampling-based investment indicators for financial security selection and portfolio optimization",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kumar"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534481",
        "doi": "10.1109/lcomm.2023.3239823"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534472",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534472, paper A) and DOI (10.1007/s12671-015-0487-3, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534472 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1007/s12671-015-0487-3 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "New alpha power unit distribution: properties and application",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Saboor"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534472",
        "doi": "10.1007/s12671-015-0487-3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534464",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534464, paper A) and DOI (10.1088/1748-0221/15/01/c01025, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534464 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/15/01/c01025 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "An integrated distribution-free approach to monitor multiple process aspects with application in delivery time management",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mukherjee"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534464",
        "doi": "10.1088/1748-0221/15/01/c01025"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534457",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534457, paper A) and DOI (10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.10.022, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534457 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.10.022 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Where is the Squad? Robust ideal point estimation in the presence of protest votes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Seo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534457",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.10.022"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534319",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534319, paper A) and DOI (10.2139/ssrn.3277054, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534319 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3277054 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Faith and access: The role of religion in formal mental health service utilization among Black adolescents",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Baker"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "42534319",
        "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.3277054"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534261",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534261, paper A) and DOI (10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.060, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534261 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.060 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Assessing an AI-based Smart Imagery Framing and Truthing (SIFT) system to assist radiologists annotating lung abnormalities on chest X-ray images for development of deep learning models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Guo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmid": "42534261",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.060"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534205",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534205, paper A) and DOI (10.1007/s10103-017-2209-7, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534205 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1007/s10103-017-2209-7 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Exploring Anti-Coincidence Technique for Scattering Contamination Rejection in a Simultaneous PET/SPECT Imaging System",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jin"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2026,
        "pmid": "42534205",
        "doi": "10.1007/s10103-017-2209-7"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534146",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534146, paper A) and DOI (10.3389/feart.2022.899139, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534146 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.3389/feart.2022.899139 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Evaluation of rTMS for treatment-resistant PTSD and depression in active/retired Canadian Armed Forces and RCMP patients",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Aadland"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "42534146",
        "doi": "10.3389/feart.2022.899139"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534145",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534145, paper A) and DOI (10.1016/j.jaap.2014.12.023, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534145 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.jaap.2014.12.023 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A call for disciplined patience instead of crystalloid infusion for the trauma patient",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Ball"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "pmid": "42534145",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jaap.2014.12.023"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534135",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534135, paper A) and DOI (10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.05.282, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534135 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.05.282 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Abortion in a military population: A review of the literature",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kinkaid"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "pmid": "42534135",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.05.282"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-pmiddoisplit-42534130",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "pmid-doi-split",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "manual",
      "claimed_source": "manual",
      "description": "PMID (42534130, paper A) and DOI (10.1057/grir.2015.5, paper B) resolve to DIFFERENT real papers; claimed title is A's. Verifier resolves the DOI first → B ≠ A. Per §4.B → mismatch (Lancet Example A pattern).",
      "source": "Real PMID 42534130 (paper A title/authors) + unrelated real DOI 10.1057/grir.2015.5 (paper B), for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Atténuer les symptômes dérangeants du TSPT en moins de cinq séances : une étude prépilote du protocole de la RTM auprès de 30 personnes",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Gray"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "pmid": "42534130",
        "doi": "10.1057/grir.2015.5"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:pmid-doi-split"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-long-01",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-long",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "McKinney",
      "substituted_first_author": "McKinsey",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 5 of 8; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"McKinney\" 2x, \"McKinsey\" 4x)",
      "expected_to_catch": false,
      "shape_rationale": "Disclosed, measured, unfixable by string comparison: a 1-char difference cannot drop a >=5-char surname below the 0.92 threshold. Included so published recall is honest about a known limit.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"McKinsey\" for \"McKinney\"). Shape: one-letter-long. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.25080/majora-92bf1922-00a; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Data Structures for Statistical Computing in Python",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "McKinsey"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.25080/majora-92bf1922-00a"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-long"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-long-02",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-long",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Nakatani",
      "substituted_first_author": "Nagatani",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 2 of 8; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Nakatani\" 1x, \"Nagatani\" 2x)",
      "expected_to_catch": false,
      "shape_rationale": "Disclosed, measured, unfixable by string comparison: a 1-char difference cannot drop a >=5-char surname below the 0.92 threshold. Included so published recall is honest about a known limit.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Nagatani\" for \"Nakatani\"). Shape: one-letter-long. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1109/tasl.2010.2052251; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Speech dereverberation based on variance-normalized delayed linear prediction",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nagatani"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1109/tasl.2010.2052251"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-long"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-long-03",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-long",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Katayama",
      "substituted_first_author": "Kitayama",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 1 of 8; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Katayama\" 1x, \"Kitayama\" 3x)",
      "expected_to_catch": false,
      "shape_rationale": "Disclosed, measured, unfixable by string comparison: a 1-char difference cannot drop a >=5-char surname below the 0.92 threshold. Included so published recall is honest about a known limit.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Kitayama\" for \"Katayama\"). Shape: one-letter-long. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1109/isscc.2016.7418047; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "20.1 A 300GHz 40nm CMOS transmitter with 32-QAM 17.5Gb/s/ch capability over 6 channels",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kitayama"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2016,
        "doi": "10.1109/isscc.2016.7418047"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-long"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-long-04",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-long",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Markowsky",
      "substituted_first_author": "Markowski",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 8 of 9; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Markowsky\" 2x, \"Markowski\" 1x)",
      "expected_to_catch": false,
      "shape_rationale": "Disclosed, measured, unfixable by string comparison: a 1-char difference cannot drop a >=5-char surname below the 0.92 threshold. Included so published recall is honest about a known limit.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Markowski\" for \"Markowsky\"). Shape: one-letter-long. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/bf00383950; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Primes, irreducibles and extremal lattices",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Markowski"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1992,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf00383950"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-long"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-long-05",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-long",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Jacobson",
      "substituted_first_author": "Jacobsen",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 6 of 8; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Jacobson\" 2x, \"Jacobsen\" 5x)",
      "expected_to_catch": false,
      "shape_rationale": "Disclosed, measured, unfixable by string comparison: a 1-char difference cannot drop a >=5-char surname below the 0.92 threshold. Included so published recall is honest about a known limit.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Jacobsen\" for \"Jacobson\"). Shape: one-letter-long. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1287/ijoo.2023.0005; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Computationally Efficient Benders Decomposition for Energy Systems Planning Problems with Detailed Operations and Time-Coupling Constraints",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jacobsen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1287/ijoo.2023.0005"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-long"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-long-06",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-long",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Leinonen",
      "substituted_first_author": "Heinonen",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 0 of 8; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Leinonen\" 3x, \"Heinonen\" 1x)",
      "expected_to_catch": false,
      "shape_rationale": "Disclosed, measured, unfixable by string comparison: a 1-char difference cannot drop a >=5-char surname below the 0.92 threshold. Included so published recall is honest about a known limit.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Heinonen\" for \"Leinonen\"). Shape: one-letter-long. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1145/3587102.3588785; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Comparing Code Explanations Created by Students and Large Language Models",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Heinonen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3587102.3588785"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-long"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-long-07",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-long",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Fernandez",
      "substituted_first_author": "Fernandes",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 8 of 9; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Fernandez\" 23x, \"Fernandes\" 4x)",
      "expected_to_catch": false,
      "shape_rationale": "Disclosed, measured, unfixable by string comparison: a 1-char difference cannot drop a >=5-char surname below the 0.92 threshold. Included so published recall is honest about a known limit.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Fernandes\" for \"Fernandez\"). Shape: one-letter-long. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.2307/2657345; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Sifting and Sorting: Personal Contacts and Hiring in a Retail Bank",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Fernandes"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1997,
        "doi": "10.2307/2657345"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-long"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-long-08",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-long",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Springer",
      "substituted_first_author": "Stringer",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 1 of 8; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Springer\" 5x, \"Stringer\" 1x)",
      "expected_to_catch": false,
      "shape_rationale": "Disclosed, measured, unfixable by string comparison: a 1-char difference cannot drop a >=5-char surname below the 0.92 threshold. Included so published recall is honest about a known limit.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Stringer\" for \"Springer\"). Shape: one-letter-long. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/bf01390009; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Trigonometric sums, Green functions of finite groups and representations of Weyl groups",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Stringer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1976,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf01390009"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-long"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-long-09",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-long",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Nicholls",
      "substituted_first_author": "Nicholas",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 6 of 8; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Nicholls\" 1x, \"Nicholas\" 1x)",
      "expected_to_catch": false,
      "shape_rationale": "Disclosed, measured, unfixable by string comparison: a 1-char difference cannot drop a >=5-char surname below the 0.92 threshold. Included so published recall is honest about a known limit.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Nicholas\" for \"Nicholls\"). Shape: one-letter-long. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.18060/26438; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Change in Test Cricket Performance Following the Introduction of T20 Cricket: Implications for Tactical Strategy",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nicholas"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.18060/26438"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-long"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-long-10",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-long",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Freedman",
      "substituted_first_author": "Friedman",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 2 of 8; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Freedman\" 9x, \"Friedman\" 23x)",
      "expected_to_catch": false,
      "shape_rationale": "Disclosed, measured, unfixable by string comparison: a 1-char difference cannot drop a >=5-char surname below the 0.92 threshold. Included so published recall is honest about a known limit.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Friedman\" for \"Freedman\"). Shape: one-letter-long. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.3368/jhr.48.2.311; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Targeted Business Incentives and Local Labor Markets",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Friedman"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2013,
        "doi": "10.3368/jhr.48.2.311"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-long"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-01",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-short",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "medium",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Koike",
      "substituted_first_author": "Kofke",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 2 of 5; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Koike\" 1x, \"Kofke\" 1x)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Currently caught. Regression guard: a loosening that breaks this makes short CJK/Vietnamese surnames read as each other.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Kofke\" for \"Koike\"). Shape: one-letter-short. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/0001-8708(89)90004-2; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the decomposition of tensor products of the representations of the classical groups: by means of the universal characters",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Kofke"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1989,
        "doi": "10.1016/0001-8708(89)90004-2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-short"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-02",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-short",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "medium",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Bayer",
      "substituted_first_author": "Mayer",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 0 of 5; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Bayer\" 4x, \"Mayer\" 8x)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Currently caught. Regression guard: a loosening that breaks this makes short CJK/Vietnamese surnames read as each other.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Mayer\" for \"Bayer\"). Shape: one-letter-short. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1090/conm/764/15355; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The $cd$-index: a survey",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Mayer"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1090/conm/764/15355"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-short"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-03",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-short",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "medium",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Yang",
      "substituted_first_author": "Sang",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 0 of 4; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Yang\" 232x, \"Sang\" 9x)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Currently caught. Regression guard: a loosening that breaks this makes short CJK/Vietnamese surnames read as each other.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Sang\" for \"Yang\"). Shape: one-letter-short. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1145/3632620.3671092; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Debugging with an AI Tutor: Investigating Novice Help-seeking Behaviors and Perceived Learning",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Sang"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1145/3632620.3671092"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-short"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-04",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-short",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "medium",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Hill",
      "substituted_first_author": "Dill",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 0 of 4; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Hill\" 8x, \"Dill\" 3x)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Currently caught. Regression guard: a loosening that breaks this makes short CJK/Vietnamese surnames read as each other.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Dill\" for \"Hill\"). Shape: one-letter-short. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00209-010-0712-7; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Degenerate affine Hecke-Clifford algebras and type $Q$ Lie superalgebras",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Dill"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1007/s00209-010-0712-7"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-short"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-05",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-short",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "medium",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Chan",
      "substituted_first_author": "Chao",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 3 of 4; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Chan\" 29x, \"Chao\" 7x)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Currently caught. Regression guard: a loosening that breaks this makes short CJK/Vietnamese surnames read as each other.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Chao\" for \"Chan\"). Shape: one-letter-short. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1287/opre.2022.0382; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Inverse Optimization: Theory and Applications",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chao"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1287/opre.2022.0382"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-short"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-06",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-short",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "medium",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Busse",
      "substituted_first_author": "Buyse",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 2 of 5; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Busse\" 1x, \"Buyse\" 1x)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Currently caught. Regression guard: a loosening that breaks this makes short CJK/Vietnamese surnames read as each other.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Buyse\" for \"Busse\"). Shape: one-letter-short. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61380-3; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Role of viral respiratory infections in asthma and asthma exacerbations",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Buyse"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61380-3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-short"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-07",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-short",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "medium",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Ding",
      "substituted_first_author": "Xing",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 0 of 4; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Ding\" 40x, \"Xing\" 14x)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Currently caught. Regression guard: a loosening that breaks this makes short CJK/Vietnamese surnames read as each other.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Xing\" for \"Ding\"). Shape: one-letter-short. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.ins.2024.120710; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Bridging Pre-Trained Models to Continual Learning: A Hypernetwork Based Framework with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Techniques",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Xing"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2024,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ins.2024.120710"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-short"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-08",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-short",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "medium",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Bauch",
      "substituted_first_author": "Balch",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 2 of 5; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Bauch\" 2x, \"Balch\" 1x)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Currently caught. Regression guard: a loosening that breaks this makes short CJK/Vietnamese surnames read as each other.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Balch\" for \"Bauch\"). Shape: one-letter-short. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1073/pnas.0403823101; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Vaccination and the theory of games",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Balch"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.0403823101"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-short"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-09",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-short",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "medium",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Kong",
      "substituted_first_author": "Song",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 0 of 4; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Kong\" 19x, \"Song\" 81x)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Currently caught. Regression guard: a loosening that breaks this makes short CJK/Vietnamese surnames read as each other.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Song\" for \"Kong\"). Shape: one-letter-short. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1145/3576050.3576091; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Investigating Student's Problem-solving Approaches in MOOCs using Natural Language Processing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Song"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1145/3576050.3576091"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-short"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-one-letter-short-10",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "one-letter-short",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "medium",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Lane",
      "substituted_first_author": "Lave",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname differing at position 2 of 4; both members harvested from real bibliographies (\"Lane\" 6x, \"Lave\" 1x)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Currently caught. Regression guard: a loosening that breaks this makes short CJK/Vietnamese surnames read as each other.",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Lave\" for \"Lane\"). Shape: one-letter-short. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1109/mcom.2010.5560598; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A survey of mobile phone sensing",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Lave"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1109/mcom.2010.5560598"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-one-letter-short"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-shared-particle-01",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "shared-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Della Sala",
      "substituted_first_author": "Della Maestra",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname sharing the particle run \"della\" with a different real core (seen 2x); target of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Della Maestra\" for \"Della Sala\"). Shape: shared-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00159-6; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Pattern span: a tool for unwelding visuo–spatial memory",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Della Maestra"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "doi": "10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00159-6"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-shared-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-shared-particle-02",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "shared-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Di Lillo",
      "substituted_first_author": "Di Meglio",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname sharing the particle run \"di\" with a different real core (seen 1x); target of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Di Meglio\" for \"Di Lillo\"). Shape: shared-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1137/24m1675746; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Spectral Complexity of Deep Neural Networks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Di Meglio"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2025,
        "doi": "10.1137/24m1675746"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-shared-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-shared-particle-03",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "shared-particle",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Di Lauro",
      "substituted_first_author": "Di Lillo",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname sharing the particle run \"di\" with a different real core (seen 4x); target of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Di Lillo\" for \"Di Lauro\"). Shape: shared-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1103/physrevresearch.4.023145; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Individual- and pair-based models of epidemic spreading: Master equations and analysis of their forecasting capabilities",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Di Lillo"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2022,
        "doi": "10.1103/physrevresearch.4.023145"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-shared-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-shared-particle-04",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "shared-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "van der Hofstad",
      "substituted_first_author": "van der Kolk",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname sharing the particle run \"van der\" with a different real core (seen 1x); target of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"van der Kolk\" for \"van der Hofstad\"). Shape: shared-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.4171/jems/679; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Hypercube percolation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "van der Kolk"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.4171/jems/679"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-shared-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-shared-particle-05",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "shared-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "van der Schaft",
      "substituted_first_author": "van der Laan",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname sharing the particle run \"van der\" with a different real core (seen 7x); target of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"van der Laan\" for \"van der Schaft\"). Shape: shared-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/0034-4877(94)90038-8; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "On the Hamiltonian formulation of nonholonomic mechanical systems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "van der Laan"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1994,
        "doi": "10.1016/0034-4877(94)90038-8"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-shared-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-shared-particle-06",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "shared-particle",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "van Meel",
      "substituted_first_author": "Van Eeuwijk",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname sharing the particle run \"van\" with a different real core (seen 1x); target of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Van Eeuwijk\" for \"van Meel\"). Shape: shared-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1103/physreve.79.030201; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Geometrical frustration: A study of four-dimensional hard spheres",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Van Eeuwijk"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "doi": "10.1103/physreve.79.030201"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-shared-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-shared-particle-07",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "shared-particle",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "DA Abanin",
      "substituted_first_author": "Da Prato",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname sharing the particle run \"da\" with a different real core (seen 6x); target of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Da Prato\" for \"DA Abanin\"). Shape: shared-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.aop.2021.168415; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Distinguishing localization from chaos: Challenges in finite-size systems",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Da Prato"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.aop.2021.168415"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-shared-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-shared-particle-08",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "shared-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "van Gelder",
      "substituted_first_author": "van Megen",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname sharing the particle run \"van\" with a different real core (seen 2x); target of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"van Megen\" for \"van Gelder\"). Shape: shared-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1207/s15516709cog1403_2; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Compositionality: A Connectionist Variation on a Classical Theme",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "van Megen"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1990,
        "doi": "10.1207/s15516709cog1403_2"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-shared-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-shared-particle-09",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "shared-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Van den Nest",
      "substituted_first_author": "van den Berg",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname sharing the particle run \"van den\" with a different real core (seen 5x); target of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"van den Berg\" for \"Van den Nest\"). Shape: shared-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.26421/qic10.3-4-6; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Classical simulation of quantum computation, the gottesman-Knill theorem, and slightly beyond",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "van den Berg"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.26421/qic10.3-4-6"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-shared-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-shared-particle-10",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "shared-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Van Der Meer",
      "substituted_first_author": "van der Aalst",
      "substitution_note": "attested surname sharing the particle run \"van der\" with a different real core (seen 6x); target of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the shared-particle discount (86ed6178).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"van der Aalst\" for \"Van Der Meer\"). Shape: shared-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1029/2022ms003593; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Deep Learning Regional Climate Model Emulators: A Comparison of Two Downscaling Training Frameworks",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "van der Aalst"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.1029/2022ms003593"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-shared-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-relocated-particle-01",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "relocated-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "van Duijn",
      "substituted_first_author": "Strien, van",
      "substitution_note": "a DIFFERENT attested \"van\" surname (seen 1x) in relocated-particle storage form; target of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Strien, van\" for \"van Duijn\"). Shape: relocated-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.18653/v1/2023.conll-1.25; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Theory of Mind in Large Language Models: Examining Performance of 11 State-of-the-Art models vs. Children Aged 7-10 on Advanced Tests",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Strien, van"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2023.conll-1.25"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-relocated-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-relocated-particle-02",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "relocated-particle",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Da San Martino",
      "substituted_first_author": "Shamma, da",
      "substitution_note": "a DIFFERENT attested \"da\" surname (seen 1x) in relocated-particle storage form; target of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Shamma, da\" for \"Da San Martino\"). Shape: relocated-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.18653/v1/d19-5024; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Findings of the NLP4IF-2019 Shared Task on Fine-Grained Propaganda Detection",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Shamma, da"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/d19-5024"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-relocated-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-relocated-particle-03",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "relocated-particle",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "van Megen",
      "substituted_first_author": "Panhuis, van",
      "substitution_note": "a DIFFERENT attested \"van\" surname (seen 1x) in relocated-particle storage form; target of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Panhuis, van\" for \"van Megen\"). Shape: relocated-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1103/physrevlett.67.1586; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Nonergodicity parameters of colloidal glasses",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Panhuis, van"
          }
        ],
        "year": 1991,
        "doi": "10.1103/physrevlett.67.1586"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-relocated-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-relocated-particle-04",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "relocated-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Van der Ven",
      "substituted_first_author": "Brug, van der",
      "substitution_note": "a DIFFERENT attested \"van der\" surname (seen 1x) in relocated-particle storage form; target of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Brug, van der\" for \"Van der Ven\"). Shape: relocated-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070317-124443; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "First-Principles Statistical Mechanics of Multicomponent Crystals",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Brug, van der"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2018,
        "doi": "10.1146/annurev-matsci-070317-124443"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-relocated-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-relocated-particle-05",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "relocated-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Le Ngo",
      "substituted_first_author": "Pennec, le",
      "substitution_note": "a DIFFERENT attested \"le\" surname (seen 2x) in relocated-particle storage form; target of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Pennec, le\" for \"Le Ngo\"). Shape: relocated-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1109/taffc.2016.2523996; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Sparsity in Dynamics of Spontaneous Subtle Emotions: Analysis and Application",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Pennec, le"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1109/taffc.2016.2523996"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-relocated-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-relocated-particle-06",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "relocated-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Da San Martino",
      "substituted_first_author": "Nation, da",
      "substitution_note": "a DIFFERENT attested \"da\" surname (seen 1x) in relocated-particle storage form; target of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Nation, da\" for \"Da San Martino\"). Shape: relocated-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.18653/v1/2020.semeval-1.186; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "SemEval-2020 Task 11: Detection of Propaganda Techniques in News Articles",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Nation, da"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2020.semeval-1.186"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-relocated-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-relocated-particle-07",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "relocated-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "La Fleur",
      "substituted_first_author": "Camera, la",
      "substitution_note": "a DIFFERENT attested \"la\" surname (seen 1x) in relocated-particle storage form; target of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Camera, la\" for \"La Fleur\"). Shape: relocated-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.04.042; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Measured and predicted energy use and indoor climate before and after a major renovation of an apartment building in Sweden",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Camera, la"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.04.042"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-relocated-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-relocated-particle-08",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "relocated-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "van Kampen",
      "substituted_first_author": "Houtte, van",
      "substitution_note": "a DIFFERENT attested \"van\" surname (seen 1x) in relocated-particle storage form; target of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Houtte, van\" for \"van Kampen\"). Shape: relocated-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/b978-0-444-52965-7.x5000-4; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Houtte, van"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1016/b978-0-444-52965-7.x5000-4"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-relocated-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-relocated-particle-09",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "relocated-particle",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Le Gal",
      "substituted_first_author": "Roy, le",
      "substitution_note": "a DIFFERENT attested \"le\" surname (seen 1x) in relocated-particle storage form; target of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Roy, le\" for \"Le Gal\"). Shape: relocated-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.21468/scipostphys.14.5.138; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Volume-to-area law entanglement transition in a non-Hermitian free fermionic chain",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Roy, le"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2023,
        "doi": "10.21468/scipostphys.14.5.138"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-relocated-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-relocated-particle-10",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "relocated-particle",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "del Barrio",
      "substituted_first_author": "Negro, del",
      "substitution_note": "a DIFFERENT attested \"del\" surname (seen 2x) in relocated-particle storage form; target of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of particleRelocationSimilarity (bab2b9a5).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Negro, del\" for \"del Barrio\"). Shape: relocated-particle. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1214/18-aop1275; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Central limit theorems for empirical transportation cost in general dimension",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Negro, del"
          }
        ],
        "year": 2019,
        "doi": "10.1214/18-aop1275"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-relocated-particle"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-suffix-collision-01",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "suffix-collision",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Bogner",
      "substituted_first_author": "Borner, Jr.",
      "substitution_note": "attested near-neighbour surname (seen 1x) carrying a generational suffix; target of the familyTokens() suffix strip (15b6cb9d)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the familyTokens() generational-suffix strip (15b6cb9d).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Borner, Jr.\" for \"Bogner\"). Shape: suffix-collision. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00667.x; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Knowledge Management as the Basis of Sustained High Performance",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Borner, Jr."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00667.x"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-suffix-collision"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-suffix-collision-02",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "suffix-collision",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Cusick",
      "substituted_first_author": "Cuzick, Jr.",
      "substitution_note": "attested near-neighbour surname (seen 2x) carrying a generational suffix; target of the familyTokens() suffix strip (15b6cb9d)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the familyTokens() generational-suffix strip (15b6cb9d).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Cuzick, Jr.\" for \"Cusick\"). Shape: suffix-collision. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/0022-314x(84)90097-0; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "View-obstruction problems, III",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Cuzick, Jr."
          }
        ],
        "year": 1984,
        "doi": "10.1016/0022-314x(84)90097-0"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-suffix-collision"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-suffix-collision-03",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "suffix-collision",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Hampel",
      "substituted_first_author": "Hempel, Jr.",
      "substitution_note": "attested near-neighbour surname (seen 1x) carrying a generational suffix; target of the familyTokens() suffix strip (15b6cb9d)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the familyTokens() generational-suffix strip (15b6cb9d).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Hempel, Jr.\" for \"Hampel\"). Shape: suffix-collision. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1080/01621459.1974.10482962; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Influence Curve and its Role in Robust Estimation",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hempel, Jr."
          }
        ],
        "year": 1974,
        "doi": "10.1080/01621459.1974.10482962"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-suffix-collision"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-suffix-collision-04",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "suffix-collision",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Speyer",
      "substituted_first_author": "Steyer, Jr.",
      "substitution_note": "attested near-neighbour surname (seen 1x) carrying a generational suffix; target of the familyTokens() suffix strip (15b6cb9d)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the familyTokens() generational-suffix strip (15b6cb9d).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Steyer, Jr.\" for \"Speyer\"). Shape: suffix-collision. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1137/080716219; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Tropical linear spaces",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Steyer, Jr."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "doi": "10.1137/080716219"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-suffix-collision"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-suffix-collision-05",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "suffix-collision",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Wallis",
      "substituted_first_author": "Willis, Jr.",
      "substitution_note": "attested near-neighbour surname (seen 3x) carrying a generational suffix; target of the familyTokens() suffix strip (15b6cb9d)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the familyTokens() generational-suffix strip (15b6cb9d).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Willis, Jr.\" for \"Wallis\"). Shape: suffix-collision. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1167/17.12.5; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "A Parametric Texture Model Based on Deep Convolutional Features Closely Matches Texture Appearance for Humans",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Willis, Jr."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2017,
        "doi": "10.1167/17.12.5"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-suffix-collision"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-suffix-collision-06",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "suffix-collision",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Fraser",
      "substituted_first_author": "Graser, Jr.",
      "substitution_note": "attested near-neighbour surname (seen 1x) carrying a generational suffix; target of the familyTokens() suffix strip (15b6cb9d)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the familyTokens() generational-suffix strip (15b6cb9d).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Graser, Jr.\" for \"Fraser\"). Shape: suffix-collision. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.50; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Understanding and Countering Stereotypes: A Computational Approach to the Stereotype Content Model",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Graser, Jr."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2021,
        "doi": "10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.50"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-suffix-collision"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-suffix-collision-07",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "suffix-collision",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Chiang",
      "substituted_first_author": "Chuang, Jr.",
      "substitution_note": "attested near-neighbour surname (seen 9x) carrying a generational suffix; target of the familyTokens() suffix strip (15b6cb9d)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the familyTokens() generational-suffix strip (15b6cb9d).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Chuang, Jr.\" for \"Chiang\"). Shape: suffix-collision. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.017; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "Self-Presentation and Hiring Recommendations in Online Communities: Lessons from LinkedIn",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Chuang, Jr."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2015,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.017"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-suffix-collision"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-suffix-collision-08",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "suffix-collision",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Barnes",
      "substituted_first_author": "Byrnes, Jr.",
      "substitution_note": "attested near-neighbour surname (seen 1x) carrying a generational suffix; target of the familyTokens() suffix strip (15b6cb9d)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the familyTokens() generational-suffix strip (15b6cb9d).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Byrnes, Jr.\" for \"Barnes\"). Shape: suffix-collision. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-15558-1_3; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The Generalized PatchMatch Correspondence Algorithm",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Byrnes, Jr."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-15558-1_3"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-suffix-collision"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-suffix-collision-09",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "suffix-collision",
      "blind": false,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Jensen",
      "substituted_first_author": "Jansen, Jr.",
      "substitution_note": "attested near-neighbour surname (seen 3x) carrying a generational suffix; target of the familyTokens() suffix strip (15b6cb9d)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the familyTokens() generational-suffix strip (15b6cb9d).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Jansen, Jr.\" for \"Jensen\"). Shape: suffix-collision. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1112/jlms.12386; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The motivic zeta functions of a matroid",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Jansen, Jr."
          }
        ],
        "year": 2020,
        "doi": "10.1112/jlms.12386"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-suffix-collision"
    },
    {
      "id": "fab-nearmiss-suffix-collision-10",
      "arm": "fabrication",
      "attack_type": "near-miss-author",
      "near_miss_shape": "suffix-collision",
      "blind": true,
      "difficulty": "hard",
      "source_of_truth": "crossref",
      "claimed_source": "generated",
      "true_first_author": "Hodges",
      "substituted_first_author": "Hedges, Jr.",
      "substitution_note": "attested near-neighbour surname (seen 1x) carrying a generational suffix; target of the familyTokens() suffix strip (15b6cb9d)",
      "expected_to_catch": true,
      "shape_rationale": "Adversarial test of the familyTokens() generational-suffix strip (15b6cb9d).",
      "description": "Real title/DOI/year; first author replaced by a DIFFERENT REAL PERSON whose surname is a near neighbour (\"Hedges, Jr.\" for \"Hodges\"). Shape: suffix-collision. Per protocol §4.B -> should be flagged (mismatch).",
      "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/bf02589501; near-miss author substitution for the v5 blind eval (protocol §4.1).",
      "claimed": {
        "title": "The significance probability of the smirnov two-sample test",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Hedges, Jr."
          }
        ],
        "year": 1958,
        "doi": "10.1007/bf02589501"
      },
      "expected": {
        "verdict": "mismatch",
        "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"]
      },
      "stratum": "fab:near-miss-suffix-collision"
    }
  ]
}