{ "name": "verifier-eval-v6 (semantic title check)", "version": 6, "status": "sealed slice READ ONCE 2026-10-08 at threshold 0.5 — do not re-read; results in scripts/typesafe-probe/v6/", "assembled_at": "2026-10-07T22:53:35.792Z", "seed": 20261008, "tuning_frac": 0.5, "protocol": { "purpose": "Measure the ENABLE_SEMANTIC_TITLE_CHECK judge on rows it has never seen. v5 is burned for this detector (scripts/typesafe-probe/REPORT-2026-10-08.md).", "pre_registered_threshold": 0.5, "decision_rule": "Read the tuning slice freely. Record the chosen threshold in scripts/typesafe-probe/v6-tuning-decision.json BEFORE the sealed read. Read the sealed slice ONCE at that threshold; those are the publishable figures. Flag = same_work < threshold; the only verdict change is matched → ambiguous/low.", "metrics": "clean: FAR = flagged/clean (Wilson 95%). Each fabrication stratum: recall = flagged/n (Wilson 95%), reported per stratum and never pooled with the Topaz rate cell.", "disjointness": "Builders exclude every prior sealed corpus (v2, v2-blind, v3-blind, author-axis-v1, v4-blind, v5); arms deduped by DOI here." }, "sources": { "clean-doi.json": { "n": 300, "seed": 20261008, "built_at": null }, "fabrications.json": { "n": 100, "seed": null, "built_at": null }, "topic-swaps.json": { "n": 40, "seed": 20261008, "built_at": "2026-10-07T22:48:16.812Z" } }, "dropped": [], "composition": { "clean": { "total": 300, "tuning": 150, "sealed": 150 }, "fab:real-doi-fake-title": { "total": 30, "tuning": 15, "sealed": 15 }, "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title": { "total": 70, "tuning": 35, "sealed": 35 }, "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title": { "total": 40, "tuning": 20, "sealed": 20 } }, "entries": [ { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-elan-200403127", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120642). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Gouveia-Caridade\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Gouveia-Caridade\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120642, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Electrochemical impedance characterization of nafion-coated carbon film resistor electrodes for electroanalysis", "authors": [ { "family": "Gouveia-Caridade" } ], "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1002/elan.200403127" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1136-bmj-d5928", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/joacp.joacp_428_23). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Higgins\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Higgins\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/joacp.joacp_428_23, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials", "authors": [ { "family": "Higgins" } ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1136/bmj.d5928" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-clnu-2018-08-037", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.18261/ntfe.18.1.15). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Singer P\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Singer P\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.18261/ntfe.18.1.15, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit", "authors": [ { "family": "Singer P" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-s151128603", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.08.014). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Rani\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Rani\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.08.014, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A novel scheme for an energy efficient Internet of Things based on wireless sensor networks", "authors": [ { "family": "Rani" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.3390/s151128603" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-eucr-2019-100975", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.7759/cureus.54592). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Liu ZH\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Liu ZH\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.7759/cureus.54592, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Retrieval of 159 magnetic balls from urinary bladder: a case report and literature review", "authors": [ { "family": "Liu ZH" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.eucr.2019.100975" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-21037-acs-2018-03-01", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103905). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Furlow\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Furlow\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103905, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Surgical anatomy of the trachea", "authors": [ { "family": "Furlow" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.21037/acs.2018.03.01" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-cncr-30239", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ejso.2025.110201). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Nishida\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Nishida\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ejso.2025.110201, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Diagnostic and treatment strategy for small gastrointestinal stromal tumors", "authors": [ { "family": "Nishida" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1002/cncr.30239" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11032-015-0203-y", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rsci.2020.09.004). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Zou\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Zou\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rsci.2020.09.004, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "OsEXPB2, a β-expansin gene, is involved in rice root system architecture", "authors": [ { "family": "Zou" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1007/s11032-015-0203-y" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5194-aab-51-338-2008", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106606). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Høøk Presto\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Høøk Presto\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106606, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Activity behaviour and social interactions of pigs raised outdoors and indoors", "authors": [ { "family": "Høøk Presto" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.5194/aab-51-338-2008" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1158-2159-8290-cd-13-0035", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103206). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Drilon\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Drilon\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103206, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Response to Cabozantinib in patients with RET fusion-positive lung adenocarcinomas", "authors": [ { "family": "Drilon" } ], "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0035" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1155-2015-485065", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001704). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Khaimi\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Khaimi\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001704, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Canaloplasty: a minimally invasive and maximally effective glaucoma treatment", "authors": [ { "family": "Khaimi" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1155/2015/485065" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-aic-17282", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/pr12122935). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Jiang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Jiang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/pr12122935, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Convolutional neural nets in chemical engineering: Foundations, computations, and applications", "authors": [ { "family": "Jiang" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1002/aic.17282" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-en16134907", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/en16165903). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Malozyomov\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Malozyomov\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/en16165903, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Overview of Methods for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs", "authors": [ { "family": "Malozyomov" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/en16134907" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s1359-6454-00-00171-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/coatings15080913). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Rabiei\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Rabiei\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/coatings15080913, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Failure mechanisms associated with the thermally grown oxide in plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings", "authors": [ { "family": "Rabiei" } ], "year": 2000, "doi": "10.1016/s1359-6454(00)00171-3" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ssc-2011-08-036", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1361-6641/ad4f08). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Kang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Kang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1361-6641/ad4f08, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Thickness dependence of the resistive switching behavior of nonvolatile memory device structures based on undoped ZnO films", "authors": [ { "family": "Kang" } ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1016/j.ssc.2011.08.036" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1162-evco-2007-15-1-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117738). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Igel\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Igel\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117738, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Covariance matrix adaptation for multi-objective optimization", "authors": [ { "family": "Igel" } ], "year": 2007, "doi": "10.1162/evco.2007.15.1.1" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-slct-201800126", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103206). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Albano\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Albano\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103206, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Tris-Ethynylphenyl-amine Fluorophores: Synthesis, Characterisation and Test of Performances in Luminescent Solar Concentrators", "authors": [ { "family": "Albano" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1002/slct.201800126" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00345-012-0871-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/jpm13040696). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Pereira\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Pereira\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/jpm13040696, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Bladder Injuries after External Trauma: 20 Years Experience Report in a Population-Based Cross-Sectional View", "authors": [ { "family": "Pereira" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1007/s00345-012-0871-8" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-mseb-2010-02-008", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jssc.2024.124678). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Tonegawa\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Tonegawa\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jssc.2024.124678, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Thermal expansion of type A carbonate apatite", "authors": [ { "family": "Tonegawa" } ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1016/j.mseb.2010.02.008" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1098-rsif-2009-0221", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106606). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Asher\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Asher\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106606, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Recent advances in the analysis of behavioural organization and interpretation as indicators of animal welfare", "authors": [ { "family": "Asher" } ], "year": 2009, "doi": "10.1098/rsif.2009.0221" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1177-0192623313518664", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/biology10050427). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Brott\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Brott\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/biology10050427, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Evaluation of von Willebrand Factor and von Willebrand Factor Propeptide in Models of Vascular Endothelial Cell Activation, Perturbation, and/or Injury", "authors": [ { "family": "Brott" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1177/0192623313518664" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1179-mst-1990-6-7-592", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/met10020236). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Takahashi\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Takahashi\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/met10020236, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Model for transition from upper bainite to lower bainite", "authors": [ { "family": "Takahashi" } ], "year": 1990, "doi": "10.1179/mst.1990.6.7.592" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1056-nejmoa1308027", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/hmg/ddz132). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Jørgensen\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Jørgensen\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/hmg/ddz132, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Loss-of-function mutations in APOC3 and risk of ischemic vascular disease", "authors": [ { "family": "Jørgensen" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1056/nejmoa1308027" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-03056244-2016-1273827", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.exis.2021.101013). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Rubbers\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Rubbers\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.exis.2021.101013, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Towards a life of poverty and uncertainty? The livelihood strategies of Gécamines workers after retrenchment in the DRC", "authors": [ { "family": "Rubbers" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1080/03056244.2016.1273827" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tit-2008-921908", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/s22207919). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Bloch\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Bloch\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/s22207919, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Wireless Information-Theoretic Security", "authors": [ { "family": "Bloch" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1109/tit.2008.921908" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1128-cmr-00042-16", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.06.022). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hsu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hsu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.06.022, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacteriaceae in south and southeast Asia", "authors": [ { "family": "Hsu" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1128/cmr.00042-16" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jcrc-2014-03-007", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002964). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Sevilla Berrios\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Sevilla Berrios\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002964, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Correlation of left ventricular systolic dysfunction determined by low ejection fraction and 30-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "authors": [ { "family": "Sevilla Berrios" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.03.007" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-app132112019", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fphys.2025.1661418). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Chen\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Chen\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fphys.2025.1661418, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Machine learning methods in weather and climate applications: a survey", "authors": [ { "family": "Chen" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/app132112019" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tibtech-2020-06-005", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103905). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Li\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Li\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103905, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Advances in the fabrication of biomaterials for gradient tissue engineering", "authors": [ { "family": "Li" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.005" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-forsciint-2010-02-012", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120642). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Adamowicz\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Adamowicz\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120642, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Simultaneous screening for and determination of 128 date-rape drugs in urine by gas chromatography–electron ionization-mass spectrometry", "authors": [ { "family": "Adamowicz" } ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.012" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1067-mtc-2003-16", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/frtra.2025.1651671). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Krishnadasan\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Krishnadasan\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/frtra.2025.1651671, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The role of proinflammatory cytokines in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury", "authors": [ { "family": "Krishnadasan" } ], "year": 2003, "doi": "10.1067/mtc.2003.16" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1179-jmt-2009-17-3-163", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.04.001). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Kamper\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Kamper\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.04.001, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Global rating of change scales: a review of strengths and weaknesses and considerations for design", "authors": [ { "family": "Kamper" } ], "year": 2009, "doi": "10.1179/jmt.2009.17.3.163" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-11607-ijp-8976", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.09.005). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Molinero-Mourelle\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Molinero-Mourelle\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.09.005, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Manufacturing accuracy, intaglio surface adaptation, and survival of additively and subtractively manufactured definitive resin crowns after cyclic loading: An in vitro study", "authors": [ { "family": "Molinero-Mourelle" } ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.11607/ijp.8976" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0377-0257-77-80032-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.compfluid.2024.106189). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Perera\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Perera\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.compfluid.2024.106189, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Long-range memory effects in flows involving abrupt changes in geometry: Part I: flows associated with I-shaped and T-shaped geometries", "authors": [ { "family": "Perera" } ], "year": 1977, "doi": "10.1016/0377-0257(77)80032-3" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4103-jips-jips-324-21", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.11.027). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Benakatti\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Benakatti\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.11.027, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Machine learning for identification of dental implant systems based on shape - A descriptive study", "authors": [ { "family": "Benakatti" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.4103/jips.jips_324_21" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-electacta-2014-02-132", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116318). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Fu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Fu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116318, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Highly photoactive Ti-doped α-Fe2O3 nanorod arrays photoanode prepared by a hydrothermal method for photoelectrochemical water splitting", "authors": [ { "family": "Fu" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.132" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10551-009-0252-4", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113809). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Rego\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Rego\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113809, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "How the perceptions of five dimensions of corporate citizenship and their inter-inconsistencies predict affective commitment", "authors": [ { "family": "Rego" } ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1007/s10551-009-0252-4" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s12098-015-1794-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.21675/2357-707x.2022.v13.e-202238esp1). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Amin\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Amin\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.21675/2357-707x.2022.v13.e-202238esp1, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Perceived stress and professional quality of life in neonatal intensive care unit nurses in Gujarat, India", "authors": [ { "family": "Amin" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1007/s12098-015-1794-3" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s13089-015-0028-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/app9091900). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Shah\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Shah\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/app9091900, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Perceived barriers in the use of ultrasound in developing countries", "authors": [ { "family": "Shah" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1186/s13089-015-0028-2" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2307-3545850", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/jpe/rtz049). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Jones\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Jones\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/jpe/rtz049, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Organisms as ecosystem engineers", "authors": [ { "family": "Jones" } ], "year": 1994, "doi": "10.2307/3545850" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s40478-018-0514-4", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00101). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Polanco\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Polanco\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00101, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Exosomes taken up by neurons hijack the endosomal pathway to spread to interconnected neurons.", "authors": [ { "family": "Polanco" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1186/s40478-018-0514-4" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-antiviral-2021-105123", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/diagnostics15020214). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Chorlton\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Chorlton\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/diagnostics15020214, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Next-Generation Sequencing for Cytomegalovirus Antiviral Resistance Genotyping in a Clinical Virology Laboratory", "authors": [ { "family": "Chorlton" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105123" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-ijms241310549", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.09.005). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Noworyta\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Noworyta\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.09.005, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Influence of the type of nanofillers on the properties of composites used in dentistry and 3D printing", "authors": [ { "family": "Noworyta" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/ijms241310549" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00520-011-1197-6", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/medicines6040114). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Lacouture\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Lacouture\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/medicines6040114, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of EGFR inhibitor-associated dermatologic toxicities", "authors": [ { "family": "Lacouture" } ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1007/s00520-011-1197-6" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-smll-202108124", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/coatings15080913). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Yao\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Yao\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/coatings15080913, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Xenon Ion Implantation Induced Surface Compressive Stress for Preventing Dendrite Penetration in Solid-State Electrolytes", "authors": [ { "family": "Yao" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1002/smll.202108124" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-future-2020-01-048", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117738). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Gu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Gu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117738, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Improving NSGA-III algorithms with information feedback models for large-scale many-objective optimization", "authors": [ { "family": "Gu" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.future.2020.01.048" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-canep-2017-11-002", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.01.009). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Dunn\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Dunn\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.01.009, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Older cancer patients in cancer clinical trials are underrepresented. Systematic literature review of almost 5000 meta- and pooled analyses of phase III randomized trials of survival from breast, prostate and lung cancer", "authors": [ { "family": "Dunn" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.canep.2017.11.002" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0140-6736-16-31009-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/hmg/ddz132). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Viney\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Viney\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/hmg/ddz132, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Antisense oligonucleotides targeting apolipoprotein(a) in people with raised lipoprotein(a): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trials", "authors": [ { "family": "Viney" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31009-1" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-puhe-2003-08-004", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100494). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Rowe\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Rowe\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100494, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Social and ethnic inequalities in the offer and uptake of prenatal screening and diagnosis in the UK: a systematic review", "authors": [ { "family": "Rowe" } ], "year": 2004, "doi": "10.1016/j.puhe.2003.08.004" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-enganabound-2019-10-003", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.apm.2021.01.015). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Fang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Fang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.apm.2021.01.015, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Isogeometric boundary element analysis for two-dimensional thermoelasticity with variable temperature", "authors": [ { "family": "Fang" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.enganabound.2019.10.003" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-taes-2021-3138869", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.mejo.2024.106157). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Shi\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Shi\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.mejo.2024.106157, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Joint transmit resource management and waveform selection strategy for target tracking in distributed phased array radar network", "authors": [ { "family": "Shi" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1109/taes.2021.3138869" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-bf00239943", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112626). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Stark\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Stark\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112626, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Characterization of the activity of fatty-acid epoxide hydrolase in seeds of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)", "authors": [ { "family": "Stark" } ], "year": 1995, "doi": "10.1007/bf00239943" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-rinp-2018-10-049", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.aej.2024.11.093). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Farooq\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Farooq\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.aej.2024.11.093, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Influence of slip velocity on the flow of viscous fluid through a porous medium in a permeable tube with a variable bulk flow rate", "authors": [ { "family": "Farooq" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.rinp.2018.10.049" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-sim-6100", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.62675/2965-2774.20240205-en). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Nattino G\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Nattino G\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.62675/2965-2774.20240205-en, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A new calibration test and a reappraisal of the calibration belt for the assessment of prediction models based on dichotomous outcomes", "authors": [ { "family": "Nattino G" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1002/sim.6100" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-sici-1097-4636-19970915-36-4-522-aid-jbm", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jssc.2024.124678). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Ito\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Ito\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jssc.2024.124678, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Solubility product of OH- carbonated hydroxyapatite", "authors": [ { "family": "Ito" } ], "year": 1997, "doi": "10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19970915)36:4<522::aid-jbm10>3.0.co;2-c" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-bioinformatics-btu014", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ipl.2019.02.003). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Durbin\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Durbin\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ipl.2019.02.003, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Efficient haplotype matching and storage using the Positional Burrows–Wheeler Transform (PBWT)", "authors": [ { "family": "Durbin" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1093/bioinformatics/btu014" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1056-nejmoa2031893", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47375). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Joyner\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Joyner\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47375, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Convalescent plasma antibody levels and the risk of death from COVID-19.", "authors": [ { "family": "Joyner" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1056/nejmoa2031893" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3892-ijo-2015-2877", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fonc.2019.01032). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Guo\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Guo\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fonc.2019.01032, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "YAP/TAZ for cancer therapy: opportunities and challenges", "authors": [ { "family": "Guo" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.3892/ijo.2015.2877" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10518-010-9217-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/heritage2010012). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Binda\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Binda\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/heritage2010012, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Emergency actions and investigations on cultural heritage after the L’Aquila earthquake: The case of the Spanish Fortress", "authors": [ { "family": "Binda" } ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1007/s10518-010-9217-3" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s13045-018-0675-4", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fonc.2019.01032). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fonc.2019.01032, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "FLT3 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia", "authors": [ { "family": "Wu" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1186/s13045-018-0675-4" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1146-annurev-immunol-19-1-683", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/frtra.2025.1651671). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Moore\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Moore\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/frtra.2025.1651671, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor", "authors": [ { "family": "Moore" } ], "year": 2001, "doi": "10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.683" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3389-fmed-2022-819702", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/ijms24054374). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Dadachova\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Dadachova\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/ijms24054374, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Highlights of the Latest Developments in Radiopharmaceuticals for Infection Imaging and Future Perspectives", "authors": [ { "family": "Dadachova" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3389/fmed.2022.819702" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1159-000486400", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/gastro/goaa047). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Bosker\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Bosker\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/gastro/goaa047, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Minimally invasive versus open approach for right-sided colectomy: a study in 12,006 patients from the Dutch surgical colorectal audit", "authors": [ { "family": "Bosker" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1159/000486400" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-jmv-29071", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/v17121582). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Davis\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Davis\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/v17121582, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and disease pathogenesis", "authors": [ { "family": "Davis" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1002/jmv.29071" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-20964129-2021-1980437", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120617). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Koh\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Koh\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120617, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Developing an index of sustainable development goals for local governments: the case of Gyeonggi province in korea", "authors": [ { "family": "Koh" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1080/20964129.2021.1980437" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tasc-2016-2600104", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1177/13835416251345613). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wang Q\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wang Q\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1177/13835416251345613, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Optimal design of tubular transverse flux motors with low cogging forces for direct drive applications", "authors": [ { "family": "Wang Q" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1109/tasc.2016.2600104" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-puhe-2020-10-008", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fpubh.2021.645798). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Carroll\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Carroll\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fpubh.2021.645798, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Routine testing of close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases - National COVID-19 Contact Management Programme, Ireland, May to August 2020", "authors": [ { "family": "Carroll" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.008" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tevc-2018-2866854", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117738). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Tian\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Tian\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117738, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A strengthened dominance relation considering convergence and diversity for evolutionary many-objective optimization", "authors": [ { "family": "Tian" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1109/tevc.2018.2866854" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-jm00010a011", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/molecules25030660). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Pettit\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Pettit\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/molecules25030660, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Antineoplastic agents. 291. Isolation and synthesis of combretastatins A-4, A-5, and A-6", "authors": [ { "family": "Pettit" } ], "year": 1995, "doi": "10.1021/jm00010a011" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-qua-10486", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161649). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Chattaraj\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Chattaraj\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161649, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Ground- and excited-states reactivity dynamics of hydrogen and helium atoms", "authors": [ { "family": "Chattaraj" } ], "year": 2003, "doi": "10.1002/qua.10486" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11069-010-9634-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/electronics9030390). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Jaboyedoff\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Jaboyedoff\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/electronics9030390, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Use of LIDAR in landslide investigations: A review", "authors": [ { "family": "Jaboyedoff" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1007/s11069-010-9634-2" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1467-7652-2012-00679-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rsci.2020.09.004). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Fang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Fang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rsci.2020.09.004, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Rolling-leaf 14 is a 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase family protein that modulates rice leaf rolling by affecting secondary cell wall formation in leaves", "authors": [ { "family": "Fang" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1111/j.1467-7652.2012.00679.x" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-optcom-2006-05-069", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/electronics9030390). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/electronics9030390, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Enhancement of lidar backscatters signal-to-noise ratio using empirical mode decomposition method", "authors": [ { "family": "Wu" } ], "year": 2006, "doi": "10.1016/j.optcom.2006.05.069" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0020-0190-72-90045-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/s25237261). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Graham\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Graham\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/s25237261, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "An Efficient Algorithm for Determining the Convex Hull of a Finite Planar Set", "authors": [ { "family": "Graham" } ], "year": 1972, "doi": "10.1016/0020-0190(72)90045-2" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jchromb-2007-03-010", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/nu11071542). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Yang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Yang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/nu11071542, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Oral bioavailability of curcumin in rat and the herbal analysis from Curcuma longa by LC-MS/MS", "authors": [ { "family": "Yang" } ], "year": 2007, "doi": "10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.03.010" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-porgcoat-2008-07-024", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.04.018). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Radhakrishnan\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Radhakrishnan\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.04.018, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Epoxy powder coatings containing polyaniline for enhanced corrosion protection", "authors": [ { "family": "Radhakrishnan" } ], "year": 2009, "doi": "10.1016/j.porgcoat.2008.07.024" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00464-010-1422-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/gastro/goaa047). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hottenrott\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hottenrott\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/gastro/goaa047, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Right colectomy: is it a safe and feasible totally laparoscopic approach with transvaginal specimen extraction", "authors": [ { "family": "Hottenrott" } ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1007/s00464-010-1422-2" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1371-journal-pone-0210864", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00101). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Sayas\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Sayas\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00101, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Role of tau N-terminal motif in the secretion of human tau by end binding proteins.", "authors": [ { "family": "Sayas" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0210864" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s12517-021-07324-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/rs15245778). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Roy\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Roy\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/rs15245778, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Flood risk assessment using geospatial data and multi-criteria decision approach: A study from historically active flood-prone region of Himalayan foothill, India", "authors": [ { "family": "Roy" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s12517-021-07324-8" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-neurobiolaging-2006-10-032", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00101). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Josephs\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Josephs\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00101, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Argyrophilic grains: a distinct disease or an additive pathology?", "authors": [ { "family": "Josephs" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.10.032" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-02626667-2013-788790", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/w15162972). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hendrickx\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hendrickx\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/w15162972, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Impact of warming climate on water management for the Ariège River basin (France)", "authors": [ { "family": "Hendrickx" } ], "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1080/02626667.2013.788790" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11427-020-1661-4", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fpubh.2021.645798). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fpubh.2021.645798, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China", "authors": [ { "family": "Hu" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1007/s11427-020-1661-4" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2307-2555821", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2021.102758). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Waehrer\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Waehrer\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2021.102758, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Auction form preferences of risk-averse bid takers", "authors": [ { "family": "Waehrer" } ], "year": 1998, "doi": "10.2307/2555821" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-sj-bjc-6601465", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1097/md.0000000000014076). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Nakagawa\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Nakagawa\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1097/md.0000000000014076, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Analysis of the expression and localisation of a LAP protein, human scribble, in the normal and neoplastic epithelium of uterine cervix", "authors": [ { "family": "Nakagawa" } ], "year": 2004, "doi": "10.1038/sj.bjc.6601465" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-inf-0b013e31817d32f2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1542/hpeds.2021-005909). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Van Winkle\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Van Winkle\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1542/hpeds.2021-005909, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Experience using peripherally inserted central venous catheters for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy in children at a community hospital", "authors": [ { "family": "Van Winkle" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1097/inf.0b013e31817d32f2" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1074-jbc-m003990200", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/medicines6040114). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Castagliuolo\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Castagliuolo\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/medicines6040114, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation mediates substance P-induced mitogenic responses in U-373 MG cells", "authors": [ { "family": "Castagliuolo" } ], "year": 2000, "doi": "10.1074/jbc.m003990200" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-msec-2018-04-004", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.cej.2025.166144). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Dong\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Dong\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.cej.2025.166144, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Preparation and characterization of indole-3-butyric acid nanospheres for improving its stability and utilization", "authors": [ { "family": "Dong" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.004" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-biomet-12-1-2-134", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.08.009). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Isserlis\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Isserlis\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.08.009, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "On a formula for the product-moment coefficient of any order of a normal frequency distribution in any number of variables", "authors": [ { "family": "Isserlis" } ], "year": 1918, "doi": "10.1093/biomet/12.1-2.134" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1161-01-cir-87-5-1475", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/ctd.ctd_20_25). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Panza\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Panza\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/ctd.ctd_20_25, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Effect of increased availability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide precursor on endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in normal subjects and in patients with essential hypertension", "authors": [ { "family": "Panza" } ], "year": 1993, "doi": "10.1161/01.cir.87.5.1475" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s13665-011-0003-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103905). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Dutau\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Dutau\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103905, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Silicone stents, the rigid bronchoscope, and the standard of care in central airway stenosis", "authors": [ { "family": "Dutau" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1007/s13665-011-0003-8" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1149-2-0081503jss", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/met15020112). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Gondcharton\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Gondcharton\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/met15020112, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Voiding Phenomena in Copper-Copper Bonded Structures: Role of Creep", "authors": [ { "family": "Gondcharton" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1149/2.0081503jss" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1017-s0885715614000840", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jssc.2024.124678). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Degen\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Degen\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jssc.2024.124678, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The HighScore suite", "authors": [ { "family": "Degen" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1017/s0885715614000840" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jseaes-2007-10-006", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103089). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Mao\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Mao\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103089, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A review of the Cu–Ni sulphide deposits in the Chinese Tianshan and Altay orogens (Xinjiang Autonomous Region, NW China): principal characteristics and ore-forming processes", "authors": [ { "family": "Mao" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.10.006" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11947-022-02790-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/beverages10010011). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Aguiar\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Aguiar\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/beverages10010011, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The Influence of Transport and Storage Conditions on Beer Stability—A Systematic Review", "authors": [ { "family": "Aguiar" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s11947-022-02790-8" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acs-est-1c05951", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129240). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Zhang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Zhang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129240, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Using in vitro and machine learning approaches to determine species-specific dioxin-like potency and congener-specific relative sensitivity among birds for brominated dioxin analogues", "authors": [ { "family": "Zhang" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1021/acs.est.1c05951" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0167-7012-01-00383-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112190). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Orlov\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Orlov\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112190, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Potassium release, a useful tool for studying antimicrobial peptides", "authors": [ { "family": "Orlov" } ], "year": 2002, "doi": "10.1016/s0167-7012(01)00383-9" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s13593-016-0395-5", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111398). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Grisan\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Grisan\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111398, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Alternative use of tobacco as a sustainable crop for seed oil, biofuel, and biomass", "authors": [ { "family": "Grisan" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1007/s13593-016-0395-5" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-1468-0262-00335", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2021.102758). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Roth\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Roth\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2021.102758, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The economist as engineer: game theory, experimentation, and computation as tools for design economics", "authors": [ { "family": "Roth" } ], "year": 2002, "doi": "10.1111/1468-0262.00335" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-en11092276", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.082). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Fragiacomo\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Fragiacomo\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.082, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Performance analysis of an Intermediate Temperature SOE Test bench under a CO2-H2O feeding stream", "authors": [ { "family": "Fragiacomo" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.3390/en11092276" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00127-018-1598-7", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1055/a-1227-6287). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"FS Hussenoeder\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"FS Hussenoeder\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1055/a-1227-6287, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Primary prevention of dementia: from modifiable risk factors to a public brain health agenda?", "authors": [ { "family": "FS Hussenoeder" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1007/s00127-018-1598-7" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jclepro-2017-11-107", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012084). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Taki\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Taki\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012084, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Assessment of energy consumption and modeling of output energy for wheat production by neural network (MLP and RBF) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) models", "authors": [ { "family": "Taki" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.107" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-conbuildmat-2024-136429", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/s25237261). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Xiao\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Xiao\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/s25237261, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A Novel Method for Predicting Coarse Aggregate Particle Size Distribution Based on Segment Anything Model and Machine Learning", "authors": [ { "family": "Xiao" } ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136429" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-978-3-031-24019-5-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.2166/wst.2023.105). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"du Plessis\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"du Plessis\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.2166/wst.2023.105, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Water resources from a global perspective", "authors": [ { "family": "du Plessis" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-24019-5_1" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-ijcp-13507", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/jpm13040696). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Aydin\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Aydin\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/jpm13040696, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Laparoscopic Management of Bladder Injury during Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy", "authors": [ { "family": "Aydin" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1111/ijcp.13507" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1006-anbe-1996-0040", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106606). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Alados\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Alados\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106606, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Fractal structure of sequential behaviour patterns: an indicator of stress", "authors": [ { "family": "Alados" } ], "year": 1996, "doi": "10.1006/anbe.1996.0040" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-colsurfb-2019-05-014", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112190). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Kruk\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Kruk\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112190, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Nanocomposite multifunctional polyelectrolyte thin films with copper nanoparticles as the antimicrobial coatings", "authors": [ { "family": "Kruk" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.014" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tranpol-2014-02-018", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111398). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hileman\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hileman\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111398, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Alternative jet fuel feasibility", "authors": [ { "family": "Hileman" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.02.018" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-compag-2008-02-007", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/s25237261). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Igathinathane\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Igathinathane\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/s25237261, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Shape Identification and Particle Size Distribution from Basic Shape Parameters Using ImageJ", "authors": [ { "family": "Igathinathane" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.compag.2008.02.007" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-asoc-2008-09-006", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/su151310627). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Beheshti\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Beheshti\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/su151310627, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Estimation of current-induced scour depth around pile groups using neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system", "authors": [ { "family": "Beheshti" } ], "year": 2009, "doi": "10.1016/j.asoc.2008.09.006" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-actaastro-2013-03-009", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.08.009). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Valli\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Valli\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.08.009, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Nonlinear filtering methods for spacecraft navigation based on differential algebra", "authors": [ { "family": "Valli" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.03.009" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jrurstud-2014-11-007", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.exis.2021.101013). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Verbrugge\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Verbrugge\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.exis.2021.101013, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Min(d)ing the land: the relationship between artisanal and small-scale mining and surface land arrangements in the southern Philippines, eastern DRC and Liberia", "authors": [ { "family": "Verbrugge" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.11.007" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-aur-1765", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.923757). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Veatch\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Veatch\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.923757, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Shorter sleep duration is associated with social impairment and comorbidities in ASD", "authors": [ { "family": "Veatch" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1002/aur.1765" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tmag-2015-2437194", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1177/13835416251345613). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Lu Q\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Lu Q\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1177/13835416251345613, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Analysis of transverse-flux linear switched-flux permanent magnet machine", "authors": [ { "family": "Lu Q" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1109/tmag.2015.2437194" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1001-jama-2021-5248", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47375). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"DeMerle\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"DeMerle\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47375, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Precision medicine for COVID-19: phenotype anarchy or promise realized?", "authors": [ { "family": "DeMerle" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1001/jama.2021.5248" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-ps-7564", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.cej.2025.166144). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Li\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Li\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.cej.2025.166144, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A high adhesion co-assembly based on myclobutanil and tannic acid for sustainable plant disease management", "authors": [ { "family": "Li" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1002/ps.7564" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5213-inj-1632524-262", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.7759/cureus.54592). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Bansal A\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Bansal A\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.7759/cureus.54592, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Foreign bodies in the urinary bladder and their management: a single-centre experience from North India", "authors": [ { "family": "Bansal A" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.5213/inj.1632524.262" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0016-5085-94-90803-6", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/cells14110799). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Dieleman\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Dieleman\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/cells14110799, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis occurs in severe combined immunodeficient mice", "authors": [ { "family": "Dieleman" } ], "year": 1994, "doi": "10.1016/0016-5085(94)90803-6" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-uog-1987", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/app9091900). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Arbeille\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Arbeille\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/app9091900, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Fetal tele-echography using a robotic arm and a satellite link", "authors": [ { "family": "Arbeille" } ], "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1002/uog.1987" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41372-022-01582-4", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1055/a-2419-0021). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"T J Boly\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"T J Boly\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1055/a-2419-0021, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Response categorization and outcomes in extremely premature infants born at 22-26 weeks gestation that received inhaled nitric oxide for hypoxic respiratory failure", "authors": [ { "family": "T J Boly" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41372-022-01582-4" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-aog-0b013e3182a603bb", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100494). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Bateman\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Bateman\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100494, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Development of a comorbidity index for use in obstetric patients", "authors": [ { "family": "Bateman" } ], "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1097/aog.0b013e3182a603bb" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1600-0501-2012-02547-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.11.027). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"E. Jung\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"E. Jung\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.11.027, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Systematic review of the survival rate and the incidence of biological, technical, and aesthetic complications of single crowns on implants reported in longitudinal studies with a mean follow-up of 5 years", "authors": [ { "family": "E. Jung" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02547.x" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-chaos-2019-109399", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103587). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Atangana\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Atangana\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103587, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Fractional discretization: the African’s tortoise walk", "authors": [ { "family": "Atangana" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.chaos.2019.109399" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jns-2017-07-009", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1097/md.0000000000014076). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wallesch\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wallesch\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1097/md.0000000000014076, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Altered expression of E-cadherin-related transcription factors indicates partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in aggressive meningiomas", "authors": [ { "family": "Wallesch" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.jns.2017.07.009" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ijhydene-2017-07-062", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.082). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Sandoval\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Sandoval\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.082, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "In-depth study of the Ruddlesden-Popper LaxSr2−xMnO4±δ family as possible electrode materials for symmetrical SOFC", "authors": [ { "family": "Sandoval" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.062" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-polym14030372", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142544). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Piperopoulos\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Piperopoulos\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142544, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Flame-retardant performance evaluation of functional coatings filled with Mg (OH) 2 and Al (OH) 3", "authors": [ { "family": "Piperopoulos" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/polym14030372" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41598-022-22078-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.02.002). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Marbin\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Marbin\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.02.002, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Mental health in myasthenia gravis patients and its impact on caregiver burden", "authors": [ { "family": "Marbin" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-022-22078-3" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4155-tde-14-91", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/nu11071542). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Kapoor\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Kapoor\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/nu11071542, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "PLGA: A unique polymer for drug delivery", "authors": [ { "family": "Kapoor" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.4155/tde.14.91" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-brv-12413", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/cells11213493). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Aucamp\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Aucamp\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/cells11213493, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The diverse origins of circulating cell-free DNA in the human body: A critical re-evaluation of the literature", "authors": [ { "family": "Aucamp" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1111/brv.12413" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-gr-2015-10-011", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103089). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Zhang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Zhang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103089, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Geochronology and geochemistry of igneous rocks in the Bailingshan area: implications for the tectonic setting of late Paleozoic magmatism and iron skarn mineralization in the eastern Tianshan, NWChina", "authors": [ { "family": "Zhang" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.gr.2015.10.011" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1177-1548051819842796", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113809). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Ribeiro\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Ribeiro\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113809, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "How authentic leadership promotes individual creativity: The mediating role of affective commitment", "authors": [ { "family": "Ribeiro" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1177/1548051819842796" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1083-jcb-201006052", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/biology10050427). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Papayannopoulos\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Papayannopoulos\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/biology10050427, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase regulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps", "authors": [ { "family": "Papayannopoulos" } ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1083/jcb.201006052" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1136-emermed-2017-206735", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0190). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hoo\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hoo\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0190, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "What is an ROC curve?", "authors": [ { "family": "Hoo" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1136/emermed-2017-206735" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-lmwc-2011-2176475", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.mejo.2024.106157). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Sapawi\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Sapawi\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.mejo.2024.106157, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Low group delay 3.1—10.6 GHz CMOS power amplifier for UWB applications", "authors": [ { "family": "Sapawi" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1109/lmwc.2011.2176475" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-jf060234n", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/nu17213322). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Li\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Li\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/nu17213322, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones and methylated flavonoids in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel", "authors": [ { "family": "Li" } ], "year": 2006, "doi": "10.1021/jf060234n" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s12548-011-0027-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/ctd.ctd_20_25). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Behl\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Behl\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/ctd.ctd_20_25, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Intra-oral periapical study of nutrient canals in relation to diabetes mellitus, hypertension and normal subjects", "authors": [ { "family": "Behl" } ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1007/s12548-011-0027-2" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-conbuildmat-2022-128829", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/pr12122935). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Kawasaki\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Kawasaki\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/pr12122935, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Phenomenological process of rebar corrosion in reinforced concrete evaluated by acoustic emission and electrochemical noise", "authors": [ { "family": "Kawasaki" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128829" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ajic-2008-03-009", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.06.022). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Treakle\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Treakle\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.06.022, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Bacterial contamination of health care workers' white coats", "authors": [ { "family": "Treakle" } ], "year": 2009, "doi": "10.1016/j.ajic.2008.03.009" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-conbuildmat-2013-06-002", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142544). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Bonati\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Bonati\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142544, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Effect of nanoclay and conventional flame retardants on asphalt mixtures fire reaction", "authors": [ { "family": "Bonati" } ], "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.002" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00466-019-01799-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.apm.2021.01.015). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.apm.2021.01.015, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Arbitrary order recursive formulation of meshfree gradients with application to superconvergent collocation analysis of Kirchhoff plates", "authors": [ { "family": "Wang" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1007/s00466-019-01799-9" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s12877-019-1212-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1055/a-1227-6287). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"A Zülke\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"A Zülke\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1055/a-1227-6287, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "AgeWell.de – study protocol of a pragmatic multi-center cluster-randomized controlled prevention trial against cognitive decline in older primary care patients", "authors": [ { "family": "A Zülke" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1186/s12877-019-1212-1" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10803-006-0280-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.923757). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Gotham\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Gotham\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.923757, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The autism diagnostic observation schedule: revised algorithms for improved diagnostic validity", "authors": [ { "family": "Gotham" } ], "year": 2007, "doi": "10.1007/s10803-006-0280-1" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-tws-2021-108816", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/polym16060859). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/polym16060859, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Hybrid hierarchical square honeycomb with widely tailorable effective in-plane elastic modulus", "authors": [ { "family": "Wang" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.tws.2021.108816" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1292-jvms-18-0109", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0190). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Tsukano\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Tsukano\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0190, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Hypoglycemia and failure of respiratory compensation are risk factors for mortality in diarrheic calves in Hokkaido, northern Japan", "authors": [ { "family": "Tsukano" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1292/jvms.18-0109" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11666-997-0065-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/coatings15080913). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Kroupa\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Kroupa\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/coatings15080913, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Residual stresses in thick, nonhomogeneous coatings", "authors": [ { "family": "Kroupa" } ], "year": 1997, "doi": "10.1007/s11666-997-0065-x" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-7150-ijms-34540", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/cells11213493). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Min\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Min\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/cells11213493, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Loss of Circulating Exosomal miR-92b is a Novel Biomarker of Colorectal Cancer at Early Stage", "authors": [ { "family": "Min" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.7150/ijms.34540" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-jpc-14286", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1055/a-2419-0021). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"M S Ahmed\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"M S Ahmed\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1055/a-2419-0021, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Clinical and echocardiography predictors of response to inhaled nitric oxide in hypoxic preterm neonates", "authors": [ { "family": "M S Ahmed" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1111/jpc.14286" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ophtha-2004-12-043", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001704). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Minckler\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Minckler\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001704, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Clinical results with the Trabectome for treatment of open-angle glaucoma", "authors": [ { "family": "Minckler" } ], "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.12.043" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-nsmb-2346", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.011). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Kellinger\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Kellinger\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.011, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine reduce the rate and substrate specificity of RNA polymerase II transcription", "authors": [ { "family": "Kellinger" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1038/nsmb.2346" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-zefq-2014-03-016", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1055/a-1227-6287). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"C Heintze\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"C Heintze\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1055/a-1227-6287, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Hausärztliche Prävention zwischen Evidenz und Narration - Eine Quadratur des Kreises?", "authors": [ { "family": "C Heintze" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.zefq.2014.03.016" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-antiviral-2021-105139", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/diagnostics15020214). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Chou\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Chou\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/diagnostics15020214, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Ganciclovir and Maribavir Susceptibility Phenotypes of Cytomegalovirus UL97 ATP Binding Region Mutations Detected by Expanded Genotypic Testing", "authors": [ { "family": "Chou" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105139" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cej-2023-145789", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.cej.2025.166144). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Zhang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Zhang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.cej.2025.166144, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles based on cellulose derivative containing imine groups with improved bioavailability and reduced aquatic toxicity of pyraclostrobin", "authors": [ { "family": "Zhang" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.cej.2023.145789" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1061-asce-ey-1943-7897-0000526", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.082). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Fragiacomo\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Fragiacomo\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.082, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Experimental activity on a 100 W IT - SOFC test bench fed by simulated syngas", "authors": [ { "family": "Fragiacomo" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000526" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1139-v87-399", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/molecules25030660). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Pettit\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Pettit\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/molecules25030660, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Isolation, structure, and synthesis of combretastatin A-2, A-3, and B-2", "authors": [ { "family": "Pettit" } ], "year": 1987, "doi": "10.1139/v87-399" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1292-jvms-19-0272", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0190). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Nishi\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Nishi\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0190, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Accuracy of the point-of-care glucose meter for use in calves", "authors": [ { "family": "Nishi" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1292/jvms.19-0272" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1590-s1414-81452007000300014", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.21675/2357-707x.2022.v13.e-202238esp1). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Farias\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Farias\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.21675/2357-707x.2022.v13.e-202238esp1, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The quality of life in the work of nursing", "authors": [ { "family": "Farias" } ], "year": 2007, "doi": "10.1590/s1414-81452007000300014" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-bjs-5058", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.12.005). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Brooks\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Brooks\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.12.005, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Comparison of Surgical Risk Score, POSSUM and p-POSSUM in higher-risk surgical patients", "authors": [ { "family": "Brooks" } ], "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1002/bjs.5058" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s11596-014-1353-6", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/cells14110799). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Tan\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Tan\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/cells14110799, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Expression and implication of toll-like receptors TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 in colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis", "authors": [ { "family": "Tan" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1007/s11596-014-1353-6" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-istruc-2024-106309", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fphys.2025.1661418). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Tong\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Tong\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fphys.2025.1661418, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Surrogate modeling for the long-term behavior of Pc bridges via fem analyses and long short-term neural networks", "authors": [ { "family": "Tong" } ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.istruc.2024.106309" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tii-2018-2808190", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.08.014). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Al-Turjman\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Al-Turjman\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.08.014, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Context-sensitive access in industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) healthcare applications", "authors": [ { "family": "Al-Turjman" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1109/tii.2018.2808190" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s003400000375", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/electronics9030390). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Rairoux\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Rairoux\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/electronics9030390, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Remote sensing of the atmosphere using ultrashort laser pulses", "authors": [ { "family": "Rairoux" } ], "year": 2000, "doi": "10.1007/s003400000375" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-smrv-2023-101786", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/joacp.joacp_428_23). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Butris\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Butris\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/joacp.joacp_428_23, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The prevalence and risk factors of sleep disturbances in surgical patients:A systematic review and meta-analysis", "authors": [ { "family": "Butris" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101786" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-fpsl-2020-100496", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/beverages10010011). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Gagula\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Gagula\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/beverages10010011, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The Influence of Packaging Material on Volatile Compounds of Pale Lager Beer", "authors": [ { "family": "Gagula" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100496" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2320-matertrans-45-3272", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/met10020236). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Caballero\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Caballero\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/met10020236, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Time-temperature-transformation diagram within the bainite temperature range in a medium carbon steel", "authors": [ { "family": "Caballero" } ], "year": 2004, "doi": "10.2320/matertrans.45.3272" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s12992-018-0438-6", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fpubh.2021.645798). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hung\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hung\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fpubh.2021.645798, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The role of the hotel industry in the response to emerging epidemics: a case study of SARS in 2003 and H1N1 swine flu in 2009 in Hong Kong", "authors": [ { "family": "Hung" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1186/s12992-018-0438-6" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-molcel-2022-09-012", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1304667). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Delint-Ramirez\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Delint-Ramirez\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1304667, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Calcineurin dephosphorylates topoisomerase IIβ and regulates the formation of neuronal-activity-induced DNA breaks.", "authors": [ { "family": "Delint-Ramirez" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.molcel.2022.09.012" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-4103-1357-6283-120706", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/jisp.jisp_634_21). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Gambescia\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Gambescia\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/jisp.jisp_634_21, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A brief on writing a successful abstract", "authors": [ { "family": "Gambescia" } ], "year": 2013, "doi": "10.4103/1357-6283.120706" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-ijms21238995", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1304667). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Navabpour\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Navabpour\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1304667, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "DNA double-strand breaks are a critical regulator of fear memory reconsolidation.", "authors": [ { "family": "Navabpour" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/ijms21238995" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3329-bjp-v11is1-26419", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111053). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Shi\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Shi\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111053, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Isolation of flavonoids from onion skin and their effects on K562 cell viability", "authors": [ { "family": "Shi" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.3329/bjp.v11is1.26419" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s40323-024-00268-0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fphys.2025.1661418). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Schneider\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Schneider\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fphys.2025.1661418, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Enhanced prediction of thermomechanical systems using machine learning, pca, and finite element simulation", "authors": [ { "family": "Schneider" } ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1186/s40323-024-00268-0" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1073-pnas-0712145105", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fendo.2019.00347). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Lee\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Lee\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fendo.2019.00347, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A role for the NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirt1 in the regulation of autophagy", "authors": [ { "family": "Lee" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.0712145105" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-es061000n", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129240). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Higgins\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Higgins\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129240, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Sorption of perfluorinated surfactants on sediments", "authors": [ { "family": "Higgins" } ], "year": 2006, "doi": "10.1021/es061000n" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1177-0148607115621863", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.18261/ntfe.18.1.15). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"McClave SA\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"McClave SA\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.18261/ntfe.18.1.15, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)", "authors": [ { "family": "McClave SA" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1177/0148607115621863" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-09537104-2017-1378807", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/biology10050427). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Levine\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Levine\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/biology10050427, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Endothelial alterations in a canine model of immune thrombocytopenia", "authors": [ { "family": "Levine" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1080/09537104.2017.1378807" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1105-tpc-112-096610", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/plcell/koaf065). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hotta\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hotta\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/plcell/koaf065, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Characterization of the Arabidopsis augmin complex uncovers its critical function in the assembly of the acentrosomal spindle and phragmoplast microtubule arrays", "authors": [ { "family": "Hotta" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1105/tpc.112.096610" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-adma-201100645", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3ced). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Bi\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Bi\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3ced, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Transparent conductive graphene films synthesized by ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition used as the front electrode of CdTe solar cells", "authors": [ { "family": "Bi" } ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1002/adma.201100645" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jsps-2020-03-006", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27533). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Parvez\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Parvez\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27533, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-hepatitis B virus flavonoid myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside along with quercetin from Guiera senegalensis leaves", "authors": [ { "family": "Parvez" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.jsps.2020.03.006" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1159-000526230", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/braincomms/fcae317). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Park\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Park\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/braincomms/fcae317, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The effect of hearing loss on cognitive function in subjective cognitive decline", "authors": [ { "family": "Park" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1159/000526230" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-icheatmasstransfer-2019-104414", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/met15020112). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Liu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Liu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/met15020112, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Thermal Characteristics and Uniformity of Microstructures during Temperature Controlled Mold Continuous Casting Profiled Copper Alloy Strip", "authors": [ { "family": "Liu" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2019.104414" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-rser-2015-06-040", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012084). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Singh\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Singh\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012084, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Hydrogen: A sustainable fuel for future of the transport sector Renew", "authors": [ { "family": "Singh" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.040" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-econlet-2016-04-022", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.econlet.2019.108765). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Kido\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Kido\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.econlet.2019.108765, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "On the link between the US economic policy uncertainty and exchange rates", "authors": [ { "family": "Kido" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.econlet.2016.04.022" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-comst-2017-2661201", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.08.014). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hasan\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hasan\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.08.014, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A survey on multipath routing protocols for QoS assurances in real-time wireless multimedia sensor networks", "authors": [ { "family": "Hasan" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1109/comst.2017.2661201" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1200-jco-2017-73-7916", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.01.009). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Kim\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Kim\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.01.009, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Broadening eligibility criteria to make clinical trials more representative: American society of clinical oncology and friends of cancer research joint research statement", "authors": [ { "family": "Kim" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1200/jco.2017.73.7916" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acs-jpclett-0c02004", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116318). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Mesa\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Mesa\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116318, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Impact of the synthesis route on the water oxidation kinetics of hematite photoanodes", "authors": [ { "family": "Mesa" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02004" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10384-017-0531-z", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001704). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Tanito\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Tanito\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001704, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Effectiveness and safety of combined cataract surgery and microhook ab interno trabeculotomy in Japanese eyes with glaucoma: report of an initial case series", "authors": [ { "family": "Tanito" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/s10384-017-0531-z" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-7326-0003-4819-136-12-200206180-00007", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.07.008). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Baarslag\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Baarslag\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.07.008, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Prospective study of color duplex ultrasonography compared with contrast venography in patients suspected of having deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremities", "authors": [ { "family": "Baarslag" } ], "year": 2002, "doi": "10.7326/0003-4819-136-12-200206180-00007" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0002-8703-82-90403-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1109/jtehm.2022.3209754). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"borow\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"borow\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1109/jtehm.2022.3209754, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Noninvasive estimation of central aortic pressure using the oscillometric method for analyzing systemic artery pulsatile blood flow: Comparative study of indirect systolic, diastolic, and mean brachial artery pressure with simultaneous direct ascending aortic pressure measurements", "authors": [ { "family": "borow" } ], "year": 1982, "doi": "10.1016/0002-8703(82)90403-3" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-engfailanal-2023-107735", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/pr12122935). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Khalaf\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Khalaf\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/pr12122935, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Emerging AI technologies for corrosion monitoring in oil and gas industry: A comprehensive review", "authors": [ { "family": "Khalaf" } ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107735" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-ijms231810346", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27533). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Arjsri\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Arjsri\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27533, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Hesperetin from root extract of Clerodendrum petasites s. Moore inhibits sars-Cov-2 spike protein S1 subunit-induced Nlrp3 inflammasome in A549 lung cells via modulation of the Akt/Mapk/Ap-1 pathway", "authors": [ { "family": "Arjsri" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ijms231810346" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-phm-0b013e3181bc0bbd", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.04.001). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Fregni\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Fregni\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.04.001, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Challenges and recommendations for placebo controls in randomized trials in physical and rehabilitation medicine: a report of the international placebo symposium working group", "authors": [ { "family": "Fregni" } ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1097/phm.0b013e3181bc0bbd" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-md12074200", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fonc.2019.01032). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Tang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Tang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fonc.2019.01032, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "In vitro antitumor activity of stellettin B, a triterpene from marine sponge Jaspis stellifera, on human glioblastoma cancer SF295 cells", "authors": [ { "family": "Tang" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.3390/md12074200" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-pcc-0000000000000249", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002964). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Sankar\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Sankar\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002964, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Prevalence and outcome of diastolic dysfunction in children with fluid refractory septic shock–a prospective observational study.", "authors": [ { "family": "Sankar" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1097/pcc.0000000000000249" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1088-1748-9326-7-4-045905", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111398). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111398, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Well-to-wheels energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of ethanol from corn, sugarcane and cellulosic biomass for US use", "authors": [ { "family": "Wang" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045905" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-14219-jada-archive-2003-0076", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/ctd.ctd_20_25). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Khocht\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Khocht\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/ctd.ctd_20_25, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Comparison of direct digital and conventional intraoral radiographs in detecting alveolar bone loss", "authors": [ { "family": "Khocht" } ], "year": 2003, "doi": "10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0076" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-nedt-2016-07-006", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.21675/2357-707x.2022.v13.e-202238esp1). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Sanko\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Sanko\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.21675/2357-707x.2022.v13.e-202238esp1, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Exploring the impact of mindfulness meditation training in pre-licensure and post graduate nurses", "authors": [ { "family": "Sanko" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.nedt.2016.07.006" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1093-molehr-6-7-610", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1097/md.0000000000014076). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Scotti\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Scotti\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1097/md.0000000000014076, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Reduced proliferation and cell adhesion in endometriosis", "authors": [ { "family": "Scotti" } ], "year": 2000, "doi": "10.1093/molehr/6.7.610" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-htct-2022-09-1112", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/diagnostics15020214). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Oliveira\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Oliveira\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/diagnostics15020214, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Prevalência Molecular e Sorológica do Citomegalovírus Humano em Doadores de Sangue do Rio de Janeiro", "authors": [ { "family": "Oliveira" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.htct.2022.09.1112" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s13015-017-0119-7", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ipl.2019.02.003). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Carriço\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Carriço\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ipl.2019.02.003, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Fast phylogenetic inference from typing data", "authors": [ { "family": "Carriço" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1186/s13015-017-0119-7" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41598-019-43459-1", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/hmg/ddz132). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hytönen\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hytönen\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/hmg/ddz132, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Bile-duct proliferation as an unexpected side-effect after AAV2-LDLR gene transfer to rabbit liver", "authors": [ { "family": "Hytönen" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-019-43459-1" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-molcel-2016-02-027", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.011). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Mishima\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Mishima\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.011, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Codon usage and 3′ UTR length determine maternal mRNA stability in zebrafish", "authors": [ { "family": "Mishima" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.molcel.2016.02.027" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acs-energyfuels-0c03822", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/en16165903). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/en16165903, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Sand Production Management during Marine Natural Gas Hydrate Exploitation: Review and an Innovative Solution", "authors": [ { "family": "Wu" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c03822" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-ocecoaman-2014-07-018", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/rs15245778). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Canters\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Canters\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/rs15245778, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Land-use simulation as a supporting tool for flood risk assessment and coastal safety planning: The case of the Belgian coast", "authors": [ { "family": "Canters" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.07.018" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-compstruct-2013-05-008", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/polym16060859). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Sun\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Sun\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/polym16060859, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "In plane stiffness of multifunctional hierarchical honeycombs with negative Poisson’s ratio sub-structures", "authors": [ { "family": "Sun" } ], "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.05.008" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1080-21541264-2016-1181142", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1304667). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Calderwood\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Calderwood\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1304667, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A critical role for topoisomerase IIb and DNA double strand breaks in transcription.", "authors": [ { "family": "Calderwood" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1080/21541264.2016.1181142" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-sle-0000000000000124", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/gastro/goaa047). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Kayaalp\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Kayaalp\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/gastro/goaa047, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Laparoscopic right colon resection with transvaginal extraction: a systematic review of 90 cases", "authors": [ { "family": "Kayaalp" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1097/sle.0000000000000124" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jiph-2021-10-020", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112190). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Uddin\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Uddin\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112190, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Antibiotic resistance in microbes: history, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects", "authors": [ { "family": "Uddin" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.020" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10040-006-0053-0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/w15162972). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Coetsiers\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Coetsiers\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/w15162972, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Chemical characterization of the Neogene Aquifer, Belgium", "authors": [ { "family": "Coetsiers" } ], "year": 2006, "doi": "10.1007/s10040-006-0053-0" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1053-j-jvca-2023-02-046", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/joacp.joacp_428_23). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Zhou\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Zhou\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/joacp.joacp_428_23, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A Single Preoperative Dose of S-Ketamine Has No Beneficial Effect on Chronic Postsurgical Pain in Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgical Lung Lesion Resection:A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study", "authors": [ { "family": "Zhou" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1053/j.jvca.2023.02.046" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-sjbs-2018-01-004", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/jisp.jisp_634_21). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Meo\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Meo\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/jisp.jisp_634_21, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Anatomy and physiology of a scientific paper", "authors": [ { "family": "Meo" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.01.004" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s1474-4422-08-70119-4", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1542/hpeds.2021-005909). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Ljøstad\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Ljøstad\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1542/hpeds.2021-005909, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Oral doxycycline versus intravenous ceftriaxone for European Lyme neuroborreliosis: a multicentre, non-inferiority, double-blind, randomised trial", "authors": [ { "family": "Ljøstad" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70119-4" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0020-0255-02-00181-0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103587). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hung\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hung\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103587, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Correlation of intuitionistic fuzzy sets by centroid method", "authors": [ { "family": "Hung" } ], "year": 2002, "doi": "10.1016/s0020-0255(02)00181-0" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jfoodeng-2019-02-003", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111053). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Milea\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Milea\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111053, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Widen the functionality of flavonoids from yellow onion skins through extraction and microencapsulation in whey proteins hydrolysates and different polymers", "authors": [ { "family": "Milea" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.02.003" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jphotochemrev-2017-01-005", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116318). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Garcia-Segura\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Garcia-Segura\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116318, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Applied photoelectrocatalysis on the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewaters", "authors": [ { "family": "Garcia-Segura" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.01.005" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-mao-0000000000003489", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/braincomms/fcae317). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Elias\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Elias\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/braincomms/fcae317, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A distinct phenotype entity", "authors": [ { "family": "Elias" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1097/mao.0000000000003489" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-ctm2-652", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/v17121582). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Zheng\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Zheng\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/v17121582, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Destabilization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor by 4-IPP reduces NF-kappaB/P-TEFb complex-mediated c-Myb transcription to suppress osteosarcoma tumourigenesis", "authors": [ { "family": "Zheng" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1002/ctm2.652" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jpeds-2013-09-027", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002964). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Raj\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Raj\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002964, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Myocardial dysfunction in pediatric septic shock.", "authors": [ { "family": "Raj" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.09.027" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3839-jabc-2016-010", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/nu17213322). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Lee\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Lee\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/nu17213322, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Cissus quadrangularis extracts decreases body fat through regulation of fatty acid synthesis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice", "authors": [ { "family": "Lee" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.3839/jabc.2016.010" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-15407-materials2020-01-040", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.15407/materials2021.03.048). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Lukovych\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Lukovych\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.15407/materials2021.03.048, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "On the pipeline polarization in the case of insulation delamination from its surface", "authors": [ { "family": "Lukovych" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.15407/materials2020.01.040" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-ane-12233", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.02.002). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Andersen\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Andersen\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.02.002, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Myasthenia gravis epidemiology in a national cohort; combining multiple disease registries", "authors": [ { "family": "Andersen" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1111/ane.12233" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-mlr-0b013e3181484347", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.12.005). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Sundararajan\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Sundararajan\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.12.005, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Cross-national comparative performance of three versions of the ICD-10 Charlson index", "authors": [ { "family": "Sundararajan" } ], "year": 2007, "doi": "10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181484347" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1103-physrevb-47-12727", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161649). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hicks\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hicks\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161649, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Effect of quantum-well structures on the thermoelectric figure of merit", "authors": [ { "family": "Hicks" } ], "year": 1993, "doi": "10.1103/physrevb.47.12727" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-computation11110233", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161649). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Ramoshaba\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Ramoshaba\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161649, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Correlations of the electronic, elastic and thermo-electric properties of alpha copper sulphide and selenide", "authors": [ { "family": "Ramoshaba" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/computation11110233" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-sse-2019-107735", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1361-6641/ad4f08). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Qi\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Qi\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1361-6641/ad4f08, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Resistive switching behavior of solution-processed AlOx and GO based RRAM at low temperature", "authors": [ { "family": "Qi" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.sse.2019.107735" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1242-dev-129-8-1957", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rsci.2020.09.004). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Byrne\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Byrne\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rsci.2020.09.004, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 reveals knox gene redundancy in Arabidopsis", "authors": [ { "family": "Byrne" } ], "year": 2002, "doi": "10.1242/dev.129.8.1957" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-5269-bspm-v37i1-29647", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103587). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Borah\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Borah\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103587, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Soft ideal topological space and Mixed fuzzy soft ideal topological space", "authors": [ { "family": "Borah" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.5269/bspm.v37i1.29647" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-978-981-13-8181-2-13", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.2166/wst.2023.105). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Khurana\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Khurana\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.2166/wst.2023.105, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "GIS-based morphometric analysis and prioritization of Upper Ravi Catchment, Himachal Pradesh, India", "authors": [ { "family": "Khurana" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1007/978-981-13-8181-2_13" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41551-017-0037", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/frtra.2025.1651671). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"O’Neill\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"O’Neill\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/frtra.2025.1651671, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Cross-circulation for extracorporeal support and recovery of the lung", "authors": [ { "family": "O’Neill" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/s41551-017-0037" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1097-cnd-0000000000000257", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.02.002). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Boscoe\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Boscoe\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.02.002, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Impact of refractory myasthenia gravis on health-related quality of life", "authors": [ { "family": "Boscoe" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1097/cnd.0000000000000257" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-nano10020217", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.09.005). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Mubarak\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Mubarak\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.09.005, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A novel approach to enhance mechanical and thermal properties of SLA 3D printed structure by incorporation of metal–metal oxide nanoparticles", "authors": [ { "family": "Mubarak" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/nano10020217" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1023-a-1005630309102", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112626). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Botes\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Botes\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112626, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Physico-chemical properties of the epoxide hydrolase from Rhodosporidium toruloides", "authors": [ { "family": "Botes" } ], "year": 1999, "doi": "10.1023/a:1005630309102" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s00468-012-0714-7", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/treephys/tpac117). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Van Wittenberghe\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Van Wittenberghe\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/treephys/tpac117, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Variability of stomatal conductance, leaf anatomy, and seasonal leaf wettability of young and adult European beech leaves along a vertical canopy gradient", "authors": [ { "family": "Van Wittenberghe" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1007/s00468-012-0714-7" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1039-c4cs00213j", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3ced). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Yang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Yang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3ced, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Artificial photosynthesis over graphene-semiconductor composites are we getting better?", "authors": [ { "family": "Yang" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1039/c4cs00213j" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-jiot-2018-2846578", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/s22207919). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Melki\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Melki\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/s22207919, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "An Efficient OFDM-Based Encryption Scheme Using a Dynamic Key Approach", "authors": [ { "family": "Melki" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1109/jiot.2018.2846578" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-cattod-2017-07-013", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120642). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Yi\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Yi\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120642, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Electrochemical corrosion of a glassy carbon electrode", "authors": [ { "family": "Yi" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.cattod.2017.07.013" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-es3019397", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/treephys/tpac117). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Judy\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Judy\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/treephys/tpac117, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Bioavailability of gold nanomaterials to plants: importance of particle size and surface coating", "authors": [ { "family": "Judy" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1021/es3019397" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10803-016-2723-7", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.923757). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Mazurek\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Mazurek\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.923757, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Sleep and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder", "authors": [ { "family": "Mazurek" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1007/s10803-016-2723-7" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0140-6736-10-60664-2", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1055/a-2419-0021). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"J C Mercier\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"J C Mercier\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1055/a-2419-0021, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Inhaled nitric oxide for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature babies (EUNO): a randomised controlled trial[J]", "authors": [ { "family": "J C Mercier" } ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60664-2" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1134-s0006297920100065", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/cells14110799). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Vorobjeva\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Vorobjeva\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/cells14110799, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology", "authors": [ { "family": "Vorobjeva" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1134/s0006297920100065" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1086-675066", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.06.022). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Bearman\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Bearman\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.06.022, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Healthcare personnel attire in non-operating-room settings", "authors": [ { "family": "Bearman" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1086/675066" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1086-654809", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1542/hpeds.2021-005909). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Lantos\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Lantos\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1542/hpeds.2021-005909, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Final report of the Lyme disease review panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America", "authors": [ { "family": "Lantos" } ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1086/654809" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1074-jbc-m005095200", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.011). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hardeland\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hardeland\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.011, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Separating substrate recognition from base hydrolysis in human thymine DNA glycosylase by mutational analysis", "authors": [ { "family": "Hardeland" } ], "year": 2000, "doi": "10.1074/jbc.m005095200" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-celrep-2017-03-026", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fendo.2019.00347). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Sathyanarayan\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Sathyanarayan\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fendo.2019.00347, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "ATGL promotes autophagy/lipophagy via SIRT1 to control hepatic lipid droplet catabolism", "authors": [ { "family": "Sathyanarayan" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.026" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0960-9822-00-00564-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/plcell/koaf065). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Lee\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Lee\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/plcell/koaf065, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Identification of a phragmoplast-associated kinesin-related protein in higher plants", "authors": [ { "family": "Lee" } ], "year": 2000, "doi": "10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00564-9" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0002-9610-05-80397-6", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/jpm13040696). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Deziel\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Deziel\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/jpm13040696, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Complications of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A National Survey of 4,292 Hospitals and an Analysis of 77,604 Cases", "authors": [ { "family": "Deziel" } ], "year": 1993, "doi": "10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80397-6" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-1755-6724-12190", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103089). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Huang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Huang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103089, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Trace element geochemistry of magnetite from the Fe (-Cu) deposits in the Hami Region, eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, NW China", "authors": [ { "family": "Huang" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1111/1755-6724.12190" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jnoncrysol-2010-09-065", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3ced). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hong\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hong\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3ced, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "The effect of calcination temperature on the photoluminescence from sol-gel derived amorphous ZnO/silica composites", "authors": [ { "family": "Hong" } ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.09.065" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jfoodeng-2008-02-029", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111053). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Tonon\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Tonon\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111053, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Influence of process conditions on the physicochemical properties of acai (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.) powder produced by spray drying", "authors": [ { "family": "Tonon" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.02.029" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41698-021-00172-5", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/cells11213493). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Jiao\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Jiao\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/cells11213493, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A genomic mutation signature predicts the clinical outcomes of immunotherapy and characterizes immunophenotypes in gastrointestinal cancer", "authors": [ { "family": "Jiao" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41698-021-00172-5" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-econlet-2013-06-024", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.econlet.2019.108765). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Colombo\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Colombo\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.econlet.2019.108765, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Economic policy uncertainty in the US: Does it matter for the euro area?", "authors": [ { "family": "Colombo" } ], "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1016/j.econlet.2013.06.024" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jaridenv-2016-06-009", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/jpe/rtz049). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Ruttan\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Ruttan\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/jpe/rtz049, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Shrub-annual facilitation complexes mediate insect community structure in arid environments", "authors": [ { "family": "Ruttan" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.06.009" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10706-019-01104-8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/su151310627). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Ardakani\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Ardakani\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/su151310627, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Ultimate Shear Resistance of Silty Sands Improved by Stone Columns Estimation Using Neural Network and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm", "authors": [ { "family": "Ardakani" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1007/s10706-019-01104-8" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-rec-13170", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120617). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Aronson\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Aronson\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120617, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A world of possibilities: six restoration strategies to support the United Nation's Decade on Ecosystem Restoration", "authors": [ { "family": "Aronson" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1111/rec.13170" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1378-chest-07-1432", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.07.008). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Munoz\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Munoz\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.07.008, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Clinical outcome of patients with upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis: results from the RIETE Registry", "authors": [ { "family": "Munoz" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1378/chest.07-1432" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1002-jsfa-6905", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/beverages10010011). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Montero\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Montero\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/beverages10010011, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "New Trends in Beer Flavour Compound Analysis", "authors": [ { "family": "Montero" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1002/jsfa.6905" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1186-s12874-025-02481-w", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ejso.2025.110201). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wan\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wan\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ejso.2025.110201, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Propensity Score Matching: should we use it in designing observational studies?", "authors": [ { "family": "Wan" } ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1186/s12874-025-02481-w" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-jssc-2010-2077171", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.mejo.2024.106157). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.mejo.2024.106157, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A CMOS broadband power amplifier with a transformer-based high-order output matching network", "authors": [ { "family": "Wang" } ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1109/jssc.2010.2077171" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-bf02368225", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1109/jtehm.2022.3209754). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"drzewiecki\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"drzewiecki\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1109/jtehm.2022.3209754, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Theory of the oscillometric maximum and the systolic and diastolic detection ratios", "authors": [ { "family": "drzewiecki" } ], "year": 1994, "doi": "10.1007/bf02368225" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1088-1748-9326-abc2f8", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120617). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Zou\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Zou\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120617, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Valuing natural capital amidst rapid urbanization: assessing the gross ecosystem product (GEP) of China's ‘Chang-Zhu-Tan’ megacity", "authors": [ { "family": "Zou" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1088/1748-9326/abc2f8" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1063-1-1705928", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.compfluid.2024.106189). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Sparrow\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Sparrow\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.compfluid.2024.106189, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Combined forced and free convection in a boundary layer flow", "authors": [ { "family": "Sparrow" } ], "year": 1959, "doi": "10.1063/1.1705928" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-proeng-2015-11-455", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.aej.2024.11.093). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Muthu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Muthu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.aej.2024.11.093, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Mathematical model of flow in a tube with an overlapping constriction and permeability", "authors": [ { "family": "Muthu" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.455" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-infrared-2015-09-020", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/heritage2010012). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hess\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hess\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/heritage2010012, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "High-resolution thermal imaging methodology for non-destructive evaluation of historic structures", "authors": [ { "family": "Hess" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.infrared.2015.09.020" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-egypro-2018-08-109", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012084). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"De Giorgi\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"De Giorgi\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012084, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A diagnostics tool for aero-engines health monitoring using machine learning technique", "authors": [ { "family": "De Giorgi" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.109" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1177-1524839911413128", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.4103/jisp.jisp_634_21). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Ickes\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Ickes\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.4103/jisp.jisp_634_21, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Abstract art: How to write competitive conference and journal abstracts", "authors": [ { "family": "Ickes" } ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1177/1524839911413128" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3389-fpls-2015-00297", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/treephys/tpac117). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Renninger\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Renninger\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/treephys/tpac117, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Resource use and efficiency, and stomatal responses to environmental drivers of oak and pine species in an Atlantic Coastal Plain forest", "authors": [ { "family": "Renninger" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2015.00297" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1517-17425247-2-6-1075", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/ijms24054374). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Dadachova\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Dadachova\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/ijms24054374, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Antibodies as delivery vehicles for radioimmunotherapy of infectious diseases", "authors": [ { "family": "Dadachova" } ], "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1517/17425247.2.6.1075" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-bf01305747", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.aej.2024.11.093). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Rao\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Rao\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.aej.2024.11.093, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Effect of the slip boundary condition on the flow of fluids in a channel", "authors": [ { "family": "Rao" } ], "year": 1999, "doi": "10.1007/bf01305747" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-molecules26041009", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27533). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Larit\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Larit\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27533, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Proposed mechanism for the antitrypanosomal activity of quercetin and myricetin isolated from Hypericum afrum Lam.: phytochemistry. Vitr Test Model Study", "authors": [ { "family": "Larit" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/molecules26041009" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3390-electronics9061029", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1088/1361-6641/ad4f08). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Banerjee\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Banerjee\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1088/1361-6641/ad4f08, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Challenges and applications of emerging nonvolatile memory devices", "authors": [ { "family": "Banerjee" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/electronics9061029" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jnutbio-2013-10-002", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/nu11071542). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/nu11071542, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Application of nanotechnology in improving bioavailability and bioactivity of diet-derived phytochemicals", "authors": [ { "family": "Wang" } ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.002" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-energy-2012-02-043", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/en16165903). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Yuan\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Yuan\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/en16165903, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Recovery of methane from hydrate reservoir with gaseous carbon dioxide using a three-dimensional middle size reactor", "authors": [ { "family": "Yuan" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1016/j.energy.2012.02.043" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0022-3956-75-90026-6", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/braincomms/fcae317). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Folstein\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Folstein\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/braincomms/fcae317, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "“Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician", "authors": [ { "family": "Folstein" } ], "year": 1975, "doi": "10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-biom-13249", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.62675/2965-2774.20240205-en). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Nattino G\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Nattino G\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.62675/2965-2774.20240205-en, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Assessing the goodness of fit of logistic regression models in large samples: a modification of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test", "authors": [ { "family": "Nattino G" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1111/biom.13249" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s1470-2045-05-70206-0", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/ijms24054374). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Finlay\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Finlay\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/ijms24054374, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Radioisotopes for the palliation of metastatic bone cancer: A systematic review", "authors": [ { "family": "Finlay" } ], "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1016/s1470-2045(05)70206-0" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-firesaf-2011-05-001", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142544). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Xu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Xu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142544, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Investigation into the properties of asphalt mixtures containing magnesium hydroxide flame retardant", "authors": [ { "family": "Xu" } ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.05.001" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-0377-0257-82-85003-9", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.compfluid.2024.106189). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Mendelson\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Mendelson\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.compfluid.2024.106189, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Approximation error in finite element calculation of viscoelastic fluid flows", "authors": [ { "family": "Mendelson" } ], "year": 1982, "doi": "10.1016/0377-0257(82)85003-9" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-lwc-2021-3072902", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/s22207919). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/s22207919, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Secrecy Analysis for Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Scheme Based Uplink LEO Satellite Communication", "authors": [ { "family": "Hu" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1109/lwc.2021.3072902" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-scs-2022-104055", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/rs15245778). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Gao\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Gao\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/rs15245778, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Multi-scenario simulation and ecological risk analysis of land use based on the PLUS model: A case study of Nanjing", "authors": [ { "family": "Gao" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.scs.2022.104055" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1091-mbc-e02-09-0586", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/plcell/koaf065). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Marcus\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Marcus\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/plcell/koaf065, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A kinesin mutant with an atypical bipolar spindle undergoes normal mitosis", "authors": [ { "family": "Marcus" } ], "year": 2003, "doi": "10.1091/mbc.e02-09-0586" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-pec-2018-10-019", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100494). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Molina\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Molina\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100494, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Women's preferences for and experiences with prenatal genetic testing decision making: sociodemographic disparities in preference-concordant decision making", "authors": [ { "family": "Molina" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.pec.2018.10.019" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-s0301-4207-03-00002-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.exis.2021.101013). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Hilson\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Hilson\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.exis.2021.101013, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Harvesting mineral riches: 1000 years of gold mining in Ghana", "authors": [ { "family": "Hilson" } ], "year": 2002, "doi": "10.1016/s0301-4207(03)00002-3" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-compositesb-2019-02-011", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/polym16060859). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/polym16060859, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Recent advances in novel metallic honeycomb structure", "authors": [ { "family": "Wang" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.02.011" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-2514-1-48903", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.08.009). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Tombasco\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Tombasco\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.08.009, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Specialized coordinate representation for dynamic modeling and orbit estimation of geosynchronous orbits", "authors": [ { "family": "Tombasco" } ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.2514/1.48903" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-engfailanal-2021-105329", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/met15020112). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Cestari\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Cestari\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/met15020112, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Corrosion Behavior of Metallic Surfaces in Biodiesel Evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy, Vickers Micro Hardness, and Copper Strip Test", "authors": [ { "family": "Cestari" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105329" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1038-s41389-025-00572-3", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/v17121582). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Schneider\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Schneider\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/v17121582, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a potential therapeutic strategy in colorectal cancer", "authors": [ { "family": "Schneider" } ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41389-025-00572-3" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-nyas-13542", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/nu17213322). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Velazquez\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Velazquez\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/nu17213322, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Updates on obesity pharmacotherapy", "authors": [ { "family": "Velazquez" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1111/nyas.13542" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1001-jamapediatrics-2017-2352", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.62675/2965-2774.20240205-en). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Matics TJ\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Matics TJ\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.62675/2965-2774.20240205-en, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Adaptation and Validation of a Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score and Evaluation of the Sepsis-3 Definitions in Critically Ill Children", "authors": [ { "family": "Matics TJ" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2352" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jdiacomp-2015-08-022", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3389/fendo.2019.00347). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Cao\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Cao\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3389/fendo.2019.00347, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "SIRT1 and insulin resistance", "authors": [ { "family": "Cao" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.08.022" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3982-te1951", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2021.102758). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Baisa\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Baisa\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2021.102758, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Auction design without quasilinear preferences", "authors": [ { "family": "Baisa" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.3982/te1951" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1109-tuffc-2013-2593", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/app9091900). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Priester\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Priester\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/app9091900, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Robotic ultrasound systems in medicine", "authors": [ { "family": "Priester" } ], "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1109/tuffc.2013.2593" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1257-aer-98-2-138", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.econlet.2019.108765). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Favero\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Favero\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.econlet.2019.108765, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Should the euro area be run as a closed economy?", "authors": [ { "family": "Favero" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1257/aer.98.2.138" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1007-s10551-009-0339-y", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113809). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wagner\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wagner\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113809, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Corporate social performance and innovation with high social benefits: A quantitative analysis", "authors": [ { "family": "Wagner" } ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1007/s10551-009-0339-y" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-engfailanal-2004-12-030", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/heritage2010012). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Meola\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Meola\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/heritage2010012, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Application of infrared thermography and geophysical methods for defect detection in architectural structures", "authors": [ { "family": "Meola" } ], "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.12.030" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1021-acs-chemrev-7b00203", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112626). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Sheldon\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Sheldon\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112626, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Role of biocatalysis in sustainable chemistry", "authors": [ { "family": "Sheldon" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00203" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-scriptamat-2008-08-018", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/met10020236). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Bhadeshia\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Bhadeshia\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/met10020236, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Comments on “Bainite formation kinetics in high carbon alloyed steel”", "authors": [ { "family": "Bhadeshia" } ], "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.08.018" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3103-s1068799816010177", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.04.018). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Ismagilov\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Ismagilov\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.04.018, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "A high-temperature frameless starter-generator integrated into an aircraft engine", "authors": [ { "family": "Ismagilov" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.3103/s1068799816010177" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1089-pho-2004-22-306", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.04.001). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Ilbuldu\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Ilbuldu\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.04.001, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Comparison of Laser, dry needling, and placebo laser treatments in myofascial pain syndrome", "authors": [ { "family": "Ilbuldu" } ], "year": 2004, "doi": "10.1089/pho.2004.22.306" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-jchromb-2015-01-020", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103206). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Wang\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Wang\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103206, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution model of cabozantinib in rat determined by UPLC–MS/MS", "authors": [ { "family": "Wang" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.01.020" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1016-j-engfailanal-2003-08-010", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.04.018). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Khajavi\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Khajavi\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.04.018, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Failure of first stage gas turbine blades", "authors": [ { "family": "Khajavi" } ], "year": 2004, "doi": "10.1016/j.engfailanal.2003.08.010" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1111-j-1469-8137-2012-04306-x", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1093/jpe/rtz049). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Schöb\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Schöb\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1093/jpe/rtz049, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Foundation species influence trait-based community assembly", "authors": [ { "family": "Schöb" } ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04306.x" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-3846-13923730-2016-1144643", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.3390/su151310627). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Benali\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Benali\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.3390/su151310627, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Prediction of axial capacity of piles driven in non-cohesive soils based on neural networks approach", "authors": [ { "family": "Benali" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.3846/13923730.2016.1144643" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "clean-ref-blind-10-1056-nejmp1805966", "arm": "clean", "attack_type": null, "blind": true, "difficulty": "easy", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "crossref-reference-author-typed", "description": "Blind-holdout reference citation (cited in 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.01.009). Ground-truth is TITLE-INDEPENDENT: DOI resolves; reference author \"Beaver\" corroborates same-work among the resolved authors; year within ±2. The claimed title is the citing reference's variant (the FAR axis), NOT the resolved title; the claimed author is the citing bibliography's OWN raw reference-list string (\"Beaver\"), unparsed (v5 protocol §2 — author-typed sourcing).", "source": "Crossref reference list of 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.01.009, drawn 2026-10-07; corroborated via Crossref work record (author+year, title-independent); seeded random-pool draw (seed=20261008)", "claimed": { "title": "Metastasis-free survival - a new end point in prostate cancer trials", "authors": [ { "family": "Beaver" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1056/nejmp1805966" }, "expected": { "verdict": "matched", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium"] }, "stratum": "clean", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1080-15513815-2016-1188870", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1080/15513815.2016.1188870 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Long-term effects of early-childhood bilingual education on executive function", "authors": [ { "family": "Inan" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1080/15513815.2016.1188870" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s10742-020-00235-3", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s10742-020-00235-3 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Coral-reef recovery dynamics after marine heatwave bleaching events", "authors": [ { "family": "Hubbard" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s10742-020-00235-3" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1186-s40337-021-00383-y", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1186/s40337-021-00383-y sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "CRISPR-Cas13 knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis", "authors": [ { "family": "Lewis" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1186/s40337-021-00383-y" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1080-13573322-2020-1866525", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1080/13573322.2020.1866525 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Paleoclimate reconstruction from speleothem oxygen isotopes in the East Asian monsoon region", "authors": [ { "family": "Corsby" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1080/13573322.2020.1866525" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1074-jbc-m117-798702", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1074/jbc.m117.798702 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Reinforcement learning for adaptive traffic-signal control in heterogeneous urban networks", "authors": [ { "family": "Liu" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1074/jbc.m117.798702" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-37055-nsz-129494", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.37055/nsz/129494 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Gut microbiome diversity predicts immunotherapy response in stage III melanoma: a prospective cohort", "authors": [ { "family": "Ciekanowski" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.37055/nsz/129494" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-2478-sgem-2019-0040", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.2478/sgem-2019-0040 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Enzymatic depolymerization of PET microplastics by engineered cutinases", "authors": [ { "family": "Dosunmu" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.2478/sgem-2019-0040" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s41605-017-0028-9", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s41605-017-0028-9 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Mechanistic interpretability of attention heads in large language models", "authors": [ { "family": "Lei" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/s41605-017-0028-9" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-5650-jos-ess22242", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.5650/jos.ess22242 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Federated learning for privacy-preserving clinical risk prediction", "authors": [ { "family": "Hou" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.5650/jos.ess22242" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1051-matecconf-201817301003", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1051/matecconf/201817301003 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "A meta-analysis of mindfulness-based interventions for chronic lower-back pain", "authors": [ { "family": "zhang" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1051/matecconf/201817301003" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s12206-018-0743-2", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s12206-018-0743-2 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "A randomized trial of intermittent fasting versus caloric restriction in type 2 diabetes", "authors": [ { "family": "Cortés-Aburto" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1007/s12206-018-0743-2" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-chb-2017-11-020", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.020 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Wavelet-based denoising of gravitational-wave detector strain data", "authors": [ { "family": "Hasan" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.020" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1111-ans-14855", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1111/ans.14855 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Socioeconomic determinants of vaccine hesitancy in peri-urban sub-Saharan communities", "authors": [ { "family": "Mousa" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1111/ans.14855" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-cplett-2016-07-034", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.07.034 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Microplastic accumulation in deep-sea sediments of the Mariana Trench", "authors": [ { "family": "Flores-Gallegos" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.cplett.2016.07.034" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1007-s12666-019-01697-x", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s12666-019-01697-x sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "A double-blind trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression", "authors": [ { "family": "Samuel Ratna Kumar" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1007/s12666-019-01697-x" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-3758-s13423-018-1438-5", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.3758/s13423-018-1438-5 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "A phase II trial of oncolytic virotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma", "authors": [ { "family": "Balas" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.3758/s13423-018-1438-5" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1590-1982-021620150814", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1590/1982-021620150814 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Quantum error mitigation via zero-noise extrapolation on superconducting transmon arrays", "authors": [ { "family": "Motta" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1590/1982-021620150814" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-egypro-2017-05-203", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.203 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "A randomized trial of telehealth-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia", "authors": [ { "family": "kumar" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.203" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1109-jsen-2022-3175715", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1109/jsen.2022.3175715 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Attention-gated graph neural networks for ligand–protein binding-affinity prediction", "authors": [ { "family": "Yin" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1109/jsen.2022.3175715" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1080-0161956x-2020-1800172", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1080/0161956x.2020.1800172 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Host-genome integration patterns of latent herpesvirus in neural tissue", "authors": [ { "family": "Peurach" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1080/0161956x.2020.1800172" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-oftale-2019-01-006", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.oftale.2019.01.006 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "A multi-scale finite-element framework for fatigue crack propagation in additively manufactured titanium alloys", "authors": [ { "family": "Placinta" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.oftale.2019.01.006" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1038-srep40101", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1038/srep40101 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Soil carbon sequestration under regenerative grazing in temperate grasslands", "authors": [ { "family": "Castelle" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/srep40101" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1016-j-ajic-2020-10-007", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.007 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Deep-learning segmentation of coronary plaque in CT angiography", "authors": [ { "family": "DeRosa" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.007" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1051-matecconf-201819202044", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1051/matecconf/201819202044 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Dark-matter halo concentration from weak-lensing shear measurements", "authors": [ { "family": "Senviboon" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1051/matecconf/201819202044" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-24857-rgsa-v16n2-029", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.24857/rgsa.v16n2-029 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Topological edge states in two-dimensional photonic crystals with broken inversion symmetry", "authors": [ { "family": "Siqueira" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.24857/rgsa.v16n2-029" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1109-tie-2021-3055170", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1109/tie.2021.3055170 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Sea-level-rise projections for low-lying Pacific atolls under SSP5-8.5 scenarios", "authors": [ { "family": "Muthusamy" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1109/tie.2021.3055170" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1002-mmce-23473", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/mmce.23473 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Maternal antibiotic exposure and offspring asthma risk: a national cohort study", "authors": [ { "family": "Subbyal" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1002/mmce.23473" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1515-rams-2018-0018", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1515/rams-2018-0018 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Scalable Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus for permissioned blockchain networks", "authors": [ { "family": "Astafurova" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1515/rams-2018-0018" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-1080-15421406-2020-1860525", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.1080/15421406.2020.1860525 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Single-cell transcriptomics reveals fibroblast heterogeneity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis", "authors": [ { "family": "Aliyeva" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1080/15421406.2020.1860525" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-faketitle-10-2139-ssrn-3105425", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-fake-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "description": "Dominant Topaz pattern: real DOI (resolves to a real, unrelated work) + a wholesale-different fabricated title. Per §4.B → should be flagged (mismatch).", "source": "Real DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3105425 sampled from Crossref (real title differs); fabricated title authored for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Spin-orbit coupling in twisted bilayer graphene heterostructures", "authors": [ { "family": "Mahrani" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.3105425" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-fake-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1155-2018-6362716", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Children", "to": "Adults" }, { "from": "with", "to": "without" }, { "from": "Children", "to": "Adults" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Children→Adults, with→without, Children→Adults) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1155/2018/6362716 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Children→Adults, with→without, Children→Adults) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Distinct Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Microbiota of Adults without Influenza A Virus Compared with Healthy Adults", "authors": [ { "family": "Wen" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1155/2018/6362716" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1007-s11569-016-0266-1", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Human", "to": "Mouse" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Human→Mouse) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s11569-016-0266-1 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Human→Mouse) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Inquiring into Mouse Enhancement: Interdisciplinary and International Perspectives", "authors": [ { "family": "Vaage" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1007/s11569-016-0266-1" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1109-tnsre-2022-3190208", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Human", "to": "Mouse" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Human→Mouse) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3190208 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Human→Mouse) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Theory of Fast Walking With Mouse-Driven Load-Carrying Robot Exoskeletons", "authors": [ { "family": "Zhang" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1109/tnsre.2022.3190208" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1177-0890334419869598", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Infants", "to": "Adults" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Infants→Adults) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/0890334419869598 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Infants→Adults) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool—Breastfeeding: Reference Values for Adults Less Than 7 Months old", "authors": [ { "family": "Pados" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1177/0890334419869598" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1007-s10620-021-06936-0", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Promotes", "to": "Suppresses" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Promotes→Suppresses) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s10620-021-06936-0 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Promotes→Suppresses) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Pseudouridylate Synthase 7 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Invasion in Colon Cancer Through Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway", "authors": [ { "family": "Du" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s10620-021-06936-0" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3390-pharmaceutics15051501", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Inhibitor", "to": "Activator" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Inhibitor→Activator) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051501 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Inhibitor→Activator) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "A Novel and Highly Selective Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activator, SMUZ106, for the Treatment of Glioblastoma", "authors": [ { "family": "Jiang" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/pharmaceutics15051501" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1007-s11605-022-05410-0", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Mortality", "to": "Survival" }, { "from": "After", "to": "Before" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Mortality→Survival, After→Before) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s11605-022-05410-0 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Mortality→Survival, After→Before) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Early Postoperative Vital Signs Predict Subsequent 90-Day Survival Before Pancreaticoduodenectomy", "authors": [ { "family": "Nerwal" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/s11605-022-05410-0" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1017-s1368980017000040", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "children", "to": "adults" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (children→adults) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1017/s1368980017000040 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (children→adults) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Vitamin D deficiency is common and is associated with overweight in Mexican adults aged 1–11 years", "authors": [ { "family": "Flores" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1017/s1368980017000040" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-compositesa-2021-106293", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "improved", "to": "worsened" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (improved→worsened) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106293 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (improved→worsened) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "3D Graphene – sponge skeleton reinforced polysulfide rubber nanocomposites with worsened electrical and thermal conductivity", "authors": [ { "family": "Tao" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106293" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-11639-sjst-19010", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Lower", "to": "Higher" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Lower→Higher) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.11639/sjst.19010 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Lower→Higher) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Development of Learning Plans to Foster Understanding of “Biodiversity” and Promote “Evolutionary Thinking” among New Higher Secondary School Students", "authors": [ { "family": "NAGURA" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.11639/sjst.19010" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1007-s10803-017-3233-y", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Children", "to": "Adults" }, { "from": "with", "to": "without" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Children→Adults, with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s10803-017-3233-y (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Children→Adults, with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Subjective Burden and Depression in Mothers of Adults without Autism Spectrum Disorder in India: Moderating Effect of Social Support", "authors": [ { "family": "Singh" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/s10803-017-3233-y" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1007-s12975-022-01117-1", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "with", "to": "without" }, { "from": "Promotes", "to": "Suppresses" }, { "from": "Mice", "to": "Humans" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without, Promotes→Suppresses, Mice→Humans) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s12975-022-01117-1 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without, Promotes→Suppresses, Mice→Humans) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Serum from Stroke Patients without High-Grade Carotid Stenosis Suppresses Cyclooxygenase-Dependent Endothelial Dysfunction in Non-ischemic Humans Carotid Arteries", "authors": [ { "family": "Puertas-Umbert" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s12975-022-01117-1" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3233-jad-160120", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Chronic", "to": "Acute" }, { "from": "Mouse", "to": "Human" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Chronic→Acute, Mouse→Human) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3233/jad-160120 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Chronic→Acute, Mouse→Human) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Disruption of White Matter Integrity by Acute Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Alzheimer’s Disease Human Model", "authors": [ { "family": "Zhai" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.3233/jad-160120" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3390-biomedicines10123243", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "with", "to": "without" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/biomedicines10123243 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "High Risk, High Dose?—Pharmacotherapeutic Prescription Patterns of Offender and Non-Offender Patients without Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder", "authors": [ { "family": "Machetanz" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/biomedicines10123243" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1186-s12889-022-14211-8", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "men", "to": "women" }, { "from": "men", "to": "women" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (men→women, men→women) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1186/s12889-022-14211-8 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (men→women, men→women) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Socio-behavioral correlates of pre-exposure prophylaxis use and correct adherence in women who have sex with women in West Africa", "authors": [ { "family": "Eubanks" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-14211-8" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-7554-elife-31649", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "adult", "to": "child" }, { "from": "mice", "to": "humans" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (adult→child, mice→humans) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.7554/elife.31649 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (adult→child, mice→humans) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Hedgehog signaling via Gli2 prevents obesity induced by high-fat diet in child humans", "authors": [ { "family": "Shi" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.7554/elife.31649" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-4103-tp-tp-49-18", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Human", "to": "Mouse" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Human→Mouse) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.4103/tp.tp_49_18 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Human→Mouse) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Mouse oral dirofilariasis", "authors": [ { "family": "Sawant" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.4103/tp.tp_49_18" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1136-bmjopen-2015-010384", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "older", "to": "younger" }, { "from": "adults", "to": "children" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (older→younger, adults→children) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010384 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (older→younger, adults→children) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Neighbourhood environment, physical activity, quality of life and depressive symptoms in Hong Kong younger children: a protocol for an observational study", "authors": [ { "family": "Cerin" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010384" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-2139-ssrn-4066809", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Pediatric", "to": "Geriatric" }, { "from": "Children", "to": "Adults" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Pediatric→Geriatric, Children→Adults) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.2139/ssrn.4066809 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Pediatric→Geriatric, Children→Adults) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Neutrophil Profiles of Geriatric COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults", "authors": [ { "family": "Boribong" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4066809" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1007-s11356-023-31255-4", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "improvement", "to": "deterioration" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (improvement→deterioration) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s11356-023-31255-4 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (improvement→deterioration) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Integrated biomarker responses: a further deterioration of IBR and IBRv2 indexes to preserve data variability in statistical analyses", "authors": [ { "family": "Mattos" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/s11356-023-31255-4" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3390-children7070068", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Pediatric", "to": "Geriatric" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Pediatric→Geriatric) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/children7070068 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Pediatric→Geriatric) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Dexmedetomidine as an Opioid-Sparing Agent in Geriatric Craniofacial Surgery", "authors": [ { "family": "Reddy" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/children7070068" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1002-2016jd025307", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "after", "to": "before" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (after→before) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/2016jd025307 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (after→before) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Precipitation microphysics characteristics of a Typhoon Matmo (2014) rainband before landfall over eastern China based on polarimetric radar observations", "authors": [ { "family": "Wang" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1002/2016jd025307" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1007-s10882-023-09889-6", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Children", "to": "Adults" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Children→Adults) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s10882-023-09889-6 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Children→Adults) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Moderators of Psychosocial Program Outcomes for Autistic Adults", "authors": [ { "family": "Donnelly" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/s10882-023-09889-6" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-burns-2015-06-019", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "children", "to": "adults" }, { "from": "with", "to": "without" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (children→adults, with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.burns.2015.06.019 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (children→adults, with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Scar outcome of adults without partial thickness burns: A 3 and 6 month follow up", "authors": [ { "family": "Gee Kee" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.burns.2015.06.019" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1159-000512823", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Benign", "to": "Malignant" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Benign→Malignant) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1159/000512823 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Benign→Malignant) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Doege-Potter Syndrome with a Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review", "authors": [ { "family": "Mohammed" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1159/000512823" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-15406-jcpcr-2017-07-00250", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Increase", "to": "Decrease" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Increase→Decrease) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.15406/jcpcr.2017.07.00250 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Increase→Decrease) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "One More Proposal to Allocate Resources for the Win-Win Approaches to Decrease the Affordability of Cancer Drugs and Radiotherapy in the World", "authors": [ { "family": "Elzawawy" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.15406/jcpcr.2017.07.00250" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1007-s11357-020-00303-z", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "older", "to": "younger" }, { "from": "adults", "to": "children" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (older→younger, adults→children) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s11357-020-00303-z (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (older→younger, adults→children) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Is impaired dopaminergic function associated with mobility capacity in younger children?", "authors": [ { "family": "Moskowitz" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1007/s11357-020-00303-z" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1111-icad-12186", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "promotes", "to": "suppresses" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (promotes→suppresses) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1111/icad.12186 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (promotes→suppresses) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Delayed mowing suppresses planthoppers, leafhoppers and spiders in extensively managed meadows", "authors": [ { "family": "Buri" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1111/icad.12186" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3390-ijerph20043544", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Mortality", "to": "Survival" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Mortality→Survival) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/ijerph20043544 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Mortality→Survival) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Survival and Years of Life Lost Due to Brain and Other Central Nervous System Cancer in Wuhan, China, from 2010 to 2019", "authors": [ { "family": "Chen" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph20043544" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-4103-aam-aam-41-21", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "with", "to": "without" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.4103/aam.aam_41_21 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "A Study to Evaluate the Role of Eosinophil Count as a Prognostic Marker for Assessing the Outcome in Patients without COVID-19 Infection", "authors": [ { "family": "Krishnamurthy" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.4103/aam.aam_41_21" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-bbrc-2018-03-198", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "human", "to": "mouse" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (human→mouse) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.198 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (human→mouse) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Biophysical study of mouse induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived cardiomyocyte structural maturation during long-term culture", "authors": [ { "family": "Dias" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.198" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3389-fphar-2022-1019217", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "inhibition", "to": "activation" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (inhibition→activation) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3389/fphar.2022.1019217 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (inhibition→activation) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "BRAF L485–P490 deletion mutant metastatic melanoma sensitive to BRAF and MEK activation: A case report and literature review", "authors": [ { "family": "Zhang" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2022.1019217" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-dib-2020-105119", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "male", "to": "female" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (male→female) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105119 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (male→female) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Dataset on perception among female secondary school students on underage smoking in Jordan", "authors": [ { "family": "Mahasneh" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.dib.2020.105119" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3389-fmicb-2017-02557", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Activates", "to": "Inhibits" }, { "from": "without", "to": "with" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Activates→Inhibits, without→with) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02557 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Activates→Inhibits, without→with) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Zika Virus Infects, Inhibits, and Crosses Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells, with Barrier Disruption", "authors": [ { "family": "Papa" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.3389/fmicb.2017.02557" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-omtn-2020-07-023", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Inhibition", "to": "Activation" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Inhibition→Activation) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.023 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Inhibition→Activation) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Activation of Circulating miR-194-5p Reverses Osteoporosis through Wnt5a/β-Catenin-Dependent Induction of Osteogenic Differentiation", "authors": [ { "family": "Mi" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.023" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1007-s00210-020-01951-w", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "chronic", "to": "acute" }, { "from": "male", "to": "female" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (chronic→acute, male→female) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00210-020-01951-w (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (chronic→acute, male→female) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Antinociceptive effects of lead acetate in sciatic nerve acute constriction injury model of peripheral neuropathy in female Wistar rats", "authors": [ { "family": "Owoyele" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1007/s00210-020-01951-w" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-2337-dc22-0524", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Mortality", "to": "Survival" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Mortality→Survival) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.2337/dc22-0524 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Mortality→Survival) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Optimal Number of Steps per Day to Prevent All-Cause Survival in People With Prediabetes and Diabetes", "authors": [ { "family": "del Pozo-Cruz" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.2337/dc22-0524" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-33920-med-15-2205-01", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "with", "to": "without" }, { "from": "after", "to": "before" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without, after→before) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.33920/med-15-2205-01 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without, after→before) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Successful treatment of mesenteric thrombosis developed in a patient without hypernephroma before nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy", "authors": [ { "family": "Galimov" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.33920/med-15-2205-01" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1007-s00590-021-03093-y", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "children", "to": "adults" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (children→adults) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00590-021-03093-y (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (children→adults) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Treatment of genu valgum by a novel percutaneous transverse metaphyseal osteotomy of the distal femur in adults and adolescents", "authors": [ { "family": "Barakat" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s00590-021-03093-y" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-scitotenv-2021-145452", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "reduced", "to": "elevated" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (reduced→elevated) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145452 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (reduced→elevated) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Water table depth, experimental warming, and elevated precipitation impact on litter decomposition in a temperate Sphagnum-peatland", "authors": [ { "family": "Górecki" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145452" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1007-s00701-021-04732-3", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "after", "to": "before" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (after→before) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00701-021-04732-3 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (after→before) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Optimizing post anesthesia care unit admission before elective craniotomy for brain tumors: a cohort study", "authors": [ { "family": "Munari" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s00701-021-04732-3" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1177-23259671221078586", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "After", "to": "Before" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (After→Before) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/23259671221078586 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (After→Before) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Hand-Grip Strength and Return to Heavy Manual Work at a Mean 5-Year Follow-up Before Arthroscopic Release of Recalcitrant Lateral Epicondylitis", "authors": [ { "family": "Fahmy" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1177/23259671221078586" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-4155-bio-2016-0284", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Human", "to": "Mouse" }, { "from": "Human", "to": "Mouse" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Human→Mouse, Human→Mouse) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.4155/bio-2016-0284 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Human→Mouse, Human→Mouse) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "LC–MS/MS Determination of Alectinib and its Major Mouse Metabolite M4 in Mouse Urine: Prevention of Nonspecific Binding", "authors": [ { "family": "Heinig" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.4155/bio-2016-0284" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1177-03913988221121355", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "with", "to": "without" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/03913988221121355 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "The ProtekDuo for percutaneous V-P and V-VP ECMO in patients without COVID-19 ARDS", "authors": [ { "family": "El Banayosy" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1177/03913988221121355" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-5794-jjoms-66-511", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "malignant", "to": "benign" }, { "from": "lower", "to": "higher" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (malignant→benign, lower→higher) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.5794/jjoms.66.511 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (malignant→benign, lower→higher) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "A case of benign pleural mesothelioma with metastasis on the higher gingiva", "authors": [ { "family": "TADA" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.5794/jjoms.66.511" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1177-0162353219894645", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Human", "to": "Mouse" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Human→Mouse) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/0162353219894645 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Human→Mouse) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Rethinking Mouse Potential in Terms of Strength and Fragility: A Case Study of Michael Jackson", "authors": [ { "family": "Tordjman" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1177/0162353219894645" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1136-annrheumdis-2014-207201", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "activation", "to": "inhibition" }, { "from": "negative", "to": "positive" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (activation→inhibition, negative→positive) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207201 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (activation→inhibition, negative→positive) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Tofacitinib regulates synovial inflammation in psoriatic arthritis, inhibiting STAT inhibition and induction of positive feedback inhibitors", "authors": [ { "family": "Gao" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207201" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1177-0883073819856837", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Child", "to": "Adult" }, { "from": "Pediatric", "to": "Geriatric" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Child→Adult, Pediatric→Geriatric) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/0883073819856837 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Child→Adult, Pediatric→Geriatric) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Survey of Adult Neurologists on Management of Geriatric Post-traumatic Headache", "authors": [ { "family": "Pearson" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1177/0883073819856837" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1097-coh-0000000000000244", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "activation", "to": "inhibition" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (activation→inhibition) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1097/coh.0000000000000244 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (activation→inhibition) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Immune inhibition and HIV", "authors": [ { "family": "Sereti" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1097/coh.0000000000000244" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1093-europace-euad024", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "with", "to": "without" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1093/europace/euad024 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Coherent mapping of atrial tachycardias in patients without congenital heart disease", "authors": [ { "family": "Klehs" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1093/europace/euad024" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1038-s41419-019-2014-2", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "mice", "to": "humans" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (mice→humans) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1038/s41419-019-2014-2 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (mice→humans) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Heat shock protein 60 regulates yolk sac erythropoiesis in humans", "authors": [ { "family": "Duan" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1038/s41419-019-2014-2" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-euroneuro-2021-10-525", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "with", "to": "without" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.525 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "P.0555 Vitamin D3 ameliorates memory functions in rats without scopolamine-induced memory decline", "authors": [ { "family": "Zlatanova" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.525" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-5194-acp-15-6455-2015", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Survival", "to": "Mortality" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Survival→Mortality) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.5194/acp-15-6455-2015 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Survival→Mortality) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Mortality and ice nucleation activity of bacteria as aerosols in a cloud simulation chamber", "authors": [ { "family": "Amato" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.5194/acp-15-6455-2015" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-omtn-2020-09-022", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Promotes", "to": "Suppresses" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Promotes→Suppresses) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.022 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Promotes→Suppresses) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "ATF2-Induced lncRNA GAS8-AS1 Suppresses Autophagy of Thyroid Cancer Cells by Targeting the miR-187-3p/ATG5 and miR-1343-3p/ATG7 Axes", "authors": [ { "family": "Qin" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.022" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-12737-2409-3750-2023-9-2-10-14", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "CHRONIC", "to": "ACUTE" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (CHRONIC→ACUTE) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.12737/2409-3750-2023-9-2-10-14 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (CHRONIC→ACUTE) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "CLINICAL CASE OF LATE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION", "authors": [ { "family": "Kinyasheva" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.12737/2409-3750-2023-9-2-10-14" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-38092-jpa-2020-236659", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Pediatric", "to": "Geriatric" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Pediatric→Geriatric) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.38092/jpa-2020-236659 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Pediatric→Geriatric) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Geriatric Takayasu Vasculitis with Extensive Vascular Involvement", "authors": [ { "family": "Doğantan" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.38092/jpa-2020-236659" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1177-10920617241295885", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "human", "to": "mouse" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (human→mouse) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1177/10920617241295885 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (human→mouse) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Towards a novel model-based multi-disciplinary design approach for mouse cyber-physical systems", "authors": [ { "family": "Strobbe" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1177/10920617241295885" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-wneu-2019-10-003", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Increasing", "to": "Decreasing" }, { "from": "Increased", "to": "Decreased" }, { "from": "After", "to": "Before" }, { "from": "Negative", "to": "Positive" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Increasing→Decreasing, Increased→Decreased, After→Before, Negative→Positive) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.10.003 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Increasing→Decreasing, Increased→Decreased, After→Before, Negative→Positive) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Decreasing Frailty Predicts Worse Outcomes and Decreased Complications Before Angiogram-Positive Subarachnoid Hemorrhages", "authors": [ { "family": "McIntyre" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.wneu.2019.10.003" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1111-cbdd-12515", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Improved", "to": "Worsened" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Improved→Worsened) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1111/cbdd.12515 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Improved→Worsened) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Strictosamide Derivatives with Worsened Antiviral and Antiproliferative Activities", "authors": [ { "family": "Li" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1111/cbdd.12515" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1049-iet-ifs-2015-0047", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Effective", "to": "Ineffective" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Effective→Ineffective) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1049/iet-ifs.2015.0047 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Effective→Ineffective) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Ineffective certificate revocation scheme based on weighted voting game approach", "authors": [ { "family": "Kim" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1049/iet-ifs.2015.0047" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-12737-2500-0543-2021-6-4-163-172", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "higher", "to": "lower" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (higher→lower) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.12737/2500-0543-2021-6-4-163-172 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (higher→lower) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Readiness of lower school teachers to use digital technologies in the educational process", "authors": [ { "family": "Manuzuna" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.12737/2500-0543-2021-6-4-163-172" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1093-abbs-gmz139", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "suppresses", "to": "promotes" }, { "from": "acute", "to": "chronic" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (suppresses→promotes, acute→chronic) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1093/abbs/gmz139 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (suppresses→promotes, acute→chronic) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Release of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in enteric nerve cells promotes intestinal motility during severe chronic pancreatitis", "authors": [ { "family": "Liao" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1093/abbs/gmz139" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1038-s41435-022-00170-y", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Protective", "to": "Deleterious" }, { "from": "acute", "to": "chronic" }, { "from": "reduced", "to": "elevated" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Protective→Deleterious, acute→chronic, reduced→elevated) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1038/s41435-022-00170-y (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Protective→Deleterious, acute→chronic, reduced→elevated) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Deleterious association of HLA-DPB1*04:01:01 with chronic encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late elevated diffusion identified by HLA imputation", "authors": [ { "family": "Kasai" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1038/s41435-022-00170-y" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-3892-etm-2017-4139", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "with", "to": "without" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3892/etm.2017.4139 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Electroacupuncture combined with mosapride alleviates symptoms in diabetic patients without gastroparesis", "authors": [ { "family": "Pan" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.3892/etm.2017.4139" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-clinbiomech-2022-105671", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "decreases", "to": "increases" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (decreases→increases) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105671 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (decreases→increases) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Motion sickness increases low back function and changes gene expression in military aircrew", "authors": [ { "family": "Dufour" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105671" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1119-5-0023763", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Effective", "to": "Ineffective" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (Effective→Ineffective) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1119/5.0023763 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (Effective→Ineffective) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Providing Context for Identifying Ineffective Introductory Mechanics Courses", "authors": [ { "family": "Nissen" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1119/5.0023763" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-6004-jnccn-2021-7101", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "After", "to": "Before" }, { "from": "With", "to": "Without" }, { "from": "Negative", "to": "Positive" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (After→Before, With→Without, Negative→Positive) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.6004/jnccn.2021.7101 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (After→Before, With→Without, Negative→Positive) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Current Surveillance Before Treatment is Not Sufficient for Patients Without Rectal Cancer With Positive Baseline CEA", "authors": [ { "family": "Shen" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.6004/jnccn.2021.7101" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1212-wnl-0000000000002722", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "after", "to": "before" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (after→before) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002722 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (after→before) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Thrombectomy recovers an aortic wall fragment from middle cerebral artery immediately before TAVI", "authors": [ { "family": "Wollenweber" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1212/wnl.0000000000002722" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1080-15412555-2017-1385055", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "with", "to": "without" }, { "from": "Acute", "to": "Chronic" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (with→without, Acute→Chronic) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1080/15412555.2017.1385055 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (with→without, Acute→Chronic) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Imbalance between Subpopulations of Regulatory T Cells in Patients without Chronic Exacerbation of COPD", "authors": [ { "family": "Yang" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1080/15412555.2017.1385055" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-nearmiss-10-1016-j-cmpb-2019-105082", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-near-miss-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "improved", "to": "worsened" } ], "description": "Near-miss: real DOI + the work's REAL title with load-bearing token(s) flipped (improved→worsened) — lexically close but a different claim. Per §4.B → should be flagged. The subset landing mismatch/low is the with-LLM recall-cost denominator.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105082 (Crossref); real title with token(s) flipped (improved→worsened) for the blind eval, 2026-06-05.", "claimed": { "title": "Medical imaging and diagnosis of subpatellar vertebrae based on worsened Laplacian image enhancement algorithm", "authors": [ { "family": "Tian" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105082" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-near-miss-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-petsci-2022-08-013", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Depression", "to": "Insomnia" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.959, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Depression→Insomnia) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.959 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.petsci.2022.08.013 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Depression→Insomnia) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Reclassification and distribution patterns of discovered oils in the Dongying Insomnia, Bohai Bay Basin, China", "authors": [ { "family": "You" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.petsci.2022.08.013" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-mri-2020-03-010", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "brain", "to": "liver" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.983, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (brain→liver) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.983 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.mri.2020.03.010 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (brain→liver) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "A comparison study of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) and magnetization transfer (MT) in multiple sclerosis based on whole liver acquisition at 3.0 T", "authors": [ { "family": "Zhang" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.mri.2020.03.010" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-2478-jce-2021-0014", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Heart", "to": "Kidney" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.982, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Heart→Kidney) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.982 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.2478/jce-2021-0014 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Heart→Kidney) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Biomarkers of Systemic Versus Local Inflammation During the Acute Phase of Myocardial Infarction, as Predictors of Post-infarction Kidney Failure", "authors": [ { "family": "Matyas" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.2478/jce-2021-0014" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1039-d3ra03184e", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "lithium", "to": "magnesium" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.956, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (lithium→magnesium) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.956 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1039/d3ra03184e (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (lithium→magnesium) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Understanding SEI evolution during the cycling test of anode-free magnesium-metal batteries with LiDFOB salt", "authors": [ { "family": "Hawari" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1039/d3ra03184e" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1002-zaac-201900018", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Nickel", "to": "Chromium" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.931, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Nickel→Chromium) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.931 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/zaac.201900018 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Nickel→Chromium) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Metal Chelate Monomers Based on Chromium Maleate and Chelating N‐Heterocycles as Precursors of Core‐shell Nanomaterials with Advanced Tribological Properties", "authors": [ { "family": "Uflyand" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1002/zaac.201900018" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-18632-oncotarget-11790", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "prostate", "to": "breast" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.952, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (prostate→breast) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.952 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.18632/oncotarget.11790 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (prostate→breast) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Lipocalin 2 over-expression facilitates progress of castration-resistant breast cancer via improving androgen receptor transcriptional activity", "authors": [ { "family": "Ding" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.18632/oncotarget.11790" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1007-s11606-021-07178-6", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Physicians", "to": "Pharmacists" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.981, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Physicians→Pharmacists) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.981 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s11606-021-07178-6 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Physicians→Pharmacists) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Road to Better Work-Life Balance? Lean Redesigns and Daily Work Time among Primary Care Pharmacists", "authors": [ { "family": "Hung" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s11606-021-07178-6" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-ijhydene-2018-11-056", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "solar", "to": "geothermal" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.963, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (solar→geothermal) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.963 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.056 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (solar→geothermal) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Oxide particles as combined heat storage medium and sulphur trioxide decomposition catalysts for geothermal hydrogen production through sulphur cycles", "authors": [ { "family": "Agrafiotis" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.056" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-jmrt-2022-04-073", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Solar", "to": "Nuclear" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.981, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Solar→Nuclear) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.981 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.04.073 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Solar→Nuclear) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Probing direct bandgap of double perovskites Rb2LiTlX6 (X = Cl, Br) and optoelectronic characteristics for Nuclear cell applications: DFT calculations", "authors": [ { "family": "Manzoor" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.04.073" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-jcat-2023-05-004", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "copper", "to": "titanium" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.949, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (copper→titanium) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.949 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.05.004 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (copper→titanium) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Insight into the low-temperature DeNOx performance of titanium-based oxides: Perspective from the valence state distribution", "authors": [ { "family": "Li" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.jcat.2023.05.004" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1161-strokeaha-122-042053", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Diabetes", "to": "Asthma" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.95, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Diabetes→Asthma) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.950 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1161/strokeaha.122.042053 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Diabetes→Asthma) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Baseline Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in Patients With Type 2 Asthma and Coronary Disease Versus Stroke: Secondary Analysis of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials", "authors": [ { "family": "Balasubramanian" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1161/strokeaha.122.042053" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1186-s13287-017-0695-y", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "cardiac", "to": "hepatic" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.942, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (cardiac→hepatic) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.942 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1186/s13287-017-0695-y (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (cardiac→hepatic) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Mesenchymal stem cells for hepatic repair: are the actors ready for the clinical scenario?", "authors": [ { "family": "Roura" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1186/s13287-017-0695-y" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1002-tpg2-20065", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "wheat", "to": "barley" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.927, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (wheat→barley) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.927 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/tpg2.20065 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (wheat→barley) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Sequence analysis of barley subtelomeres reveals a high polymorphism among homoeologous chromosomes", "authors": [ { "family": "Aguilar" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1002/tpg2.20065" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-2166-wst-2018-297", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "steel", "to": "timber" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.952, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (steel→timber) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.952 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.2166/wst.2018.297 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (steel→timber) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Coffee processing industrial wastewater treatment using batch electrochemical coagulation with stainless timber and Fe electrodes and their combinations, and recovery and reuse of sludge", "authors": [ { "family": "Sahana" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.2166/wst.2018.297" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-jicc-2018-10-002", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "renal", "to": "pulmonary" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.959, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (renal→pulmonary) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.959 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.jicc.2018.10.002 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (renal→pulmonary) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Prognostic role of echocardiography in patients with chronic pulmonary failure on hemodialysis", "authors": [ { "family": "Ahmed" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.jicc.2018.10.002" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1111-opo-13164", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "diabetes", "to": "asthma" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.968, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (diabetes→asthma) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.968 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1111/opo.13164 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (diabetes→asthma) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Accommodative disorders in non‐presbyopic subjects with type 1 asthma without retinopathy: A comparative, cross‐sectional study", "authors": [ { "family": "Silva‐Viguera" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1111/opo.13164" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-eclinm-2023-102057", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "tuberculosis", "to": "hepatitis" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.969, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (tuberculosis→hepatitis) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.969 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102057 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (tuberculosis→hepatitis) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Psychosocial support interventions to improve treatment outcomes for people living with hepatitis: a mixed methods systematic review and meta-analysis", "authors": [ { "family": "Maynard" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102057" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1097-wnn-0000000000000240", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Brain", "to": "Lung" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.983, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Brain→Lung) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.983 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000240 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Brain→Lung) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Mild Cognitive Impairment in Retired Professional Football Players With a History of Mild Traumatic Lung Injury: A Pilot Investigation", "authors": [ { "family": "Didehbani" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1097/wnn.0000000000000240" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1021-acsomega-2c02204", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Silicon", "to": "Zinc" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.978, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Silicon→Zinc) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.978 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1021/acsomega.2c02204 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Silicon→Zinc) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Heteroepitaxial\nGrowth of Vertically-Aligned GaN Single-Crystalline\nMicrorod Arrays on Zinc Substrates", "authors": [ { "family": "Chuang" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.2c02204" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-3938-jkps-74-574", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Breast", "to": "Pancreatic" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.974, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Breast→Pancreatic) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.974 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3938/jkps.74.574 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Breast→Pancreatic) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Quantitative Phase-Contrast Imaging for Distinction between Different States of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells", "authors": [ { "family": "Choi" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.3938/jkps.74.574" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "tuning" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1007-s12028-015-0220-z", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Brain", "to": "Lung" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.981, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Brain→Lung) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.981 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s12028-015-0220-z (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Brain→Lung) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Effects of Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Long-Term Disability of Patients with Traumatic Lung Injury", "authors": [ { "family": "Leal-Noval" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1007/s12028-015-0220-z" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1007-s41208-017-0035-0", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Wind", "to": "Solar" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.948, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Wind→Solar) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.948 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s41208-017-0035-0 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Wind→Solar) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Elevated Water Level from Solar along the Gulf of Thailand", "authors": [ { "family": "Saengsupavanich" } ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/s41208-017-0035-0" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1002-mawe-201600629", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "steel", "to": "masonry" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.987, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (steel→masonry) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.987 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/mawe.201600629 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (steel→masonry) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Influence of active component cooling on process speed and joint strength during continuous induction joining of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 and masonry", "authors": [ { "family": "Hümbert" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1002/mawe.201600629" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-32902-2663-0338-2018-18-1-13-18", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "tuberculosis", "to": "hepatitis" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.947, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (tuberculosis→hepatitis) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.947 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.32902/2663-0338-2018-18-1-13-18 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (tuberculosis→hepatitis) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Short-term physical and chemical stability of mixtures of anti-hepatitis drugs for intravenous administration", "authors": [ { "family": "Kuzhko" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.32902/2663-0338-2018-18-1-13-18" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1617-s11527-018-1258-0", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "concrete", "to": "steel" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.958, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (concrete→steel) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.958 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1617/s11527-018-1258-0 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (concrete→steel) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Shrinkage of recycled aggregate steel: experimental database and application of fib Model Code 2010", "authors": [ { "family": "Tošić" } ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1617/s11527-018-1258-0" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-morpho-2019-10-047", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "rats", "to": "pigs" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.989, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (rats→pigs) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.989 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.morpho.2019.10.047 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (rats→pigs) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Immunohistochemical and histological evaluations of cyclophosphamide-induced acute cardiotoxicity in wistar pigs: The role of turmeric extract (curcuma)", "authors": [ { "family": "Komolafe" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.morpho.2019.10.047" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-3389-fneur-2016-00016", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Brain", "to": "Spleen" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.94, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Brain→Spleen) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.940 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3389/fneur.2016.00016 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Brain→Spleen) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Modeling the Presence of Myelin and Edema in the Spleen Based on Multi-Parametric Quantitative MRI", "authors": [ { "family": "Warntjes" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2016.00016" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1007-s00345-016-1830-6", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "renal", "to": "pancreatic" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.955, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (renal→pancreatic) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.955 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1007/s00345-016-1830-6 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (renal→pancreatic) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Obstructive sleep apnea and Fuhrman grade in patients with clear cell pancreatic cell carcinoma treated surgically", "authors": [ { "family": "Vilaseca" } ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1007/s00345-016-1830-6" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-survophthal-2022-09-001", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "kidney", "to": "lung" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.937, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (kidney→lung) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.937 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.09.001 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (kidney→lung) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Co-occurrence of chronic lung disease and glaucoma: Epidemiology and etiological mechanisms", "authors": [ { "family": "Liu" } ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.09.001" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-2337-diaclin-33-1-5", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Diabetes", "to": "Asthma" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.977, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Diabetes→Asthma) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.977 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.2337/diaclin.33.1.5 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Diabetes→Asthma) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Clinical Implications of Canagliflozin Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Asthma", "authors": [ { "family": "Valentine" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.2337/diaclin.33.1.5" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-jphotochem-2022-113810", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "solar", "to": "geothermal" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.978, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (solar→geothermal) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.978 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113810 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (solar→geothermal) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Hole transport properties of some spiro-based materials for quantum dot sensitized geothermal devices", "authors": [ { "family": "Shariatinia" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113810" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-3390-ijms22115719", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Brain", "to": "Liver" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.967, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Brain→Liver) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.967 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3390/ijms22115719 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Brain→Liver) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Liver-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beneficial Effects of Flavonoids for Neuroprotection", "authors": [ { "family": "Numakawa" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/ijms22115719" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1155-2022-5596829", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Heart", "to": "Kidney" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.978, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Heart→Kidney) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.978 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1155/2022/5596829 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Heart→Kidney) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Chinese Herbal Medicine as an Adjunctive Therapy Improves the Survival Rate of Patients with Ischemic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study", "authors": [ { "family": "Hung" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1155/2022/5596829" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1021-acsbiomaterials-9b01378", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Rabbits", "to": "Pigs" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.991, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Rabbits→Pigs) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.991 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01378 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Rabbits→Pigs) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite–Poly(thioketal urethane) Nanocomposites Stimulate a Combined Intramembranous and Endochondral Ossification Response in Pigs", "authors": [ { "family": "McGough" } ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01378" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-intermet-2020-106987", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "silicon", "to": "titanium" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.979, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (silicon→titanium) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.979 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106987 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (silicon→titanium) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Microstructure evolution of precipitates during solidification in metallurgical grade titanium", "authors": [ { "family": "Li" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106987" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1002-etc-4742", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Zebrafish", "to": "Pigs" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 1, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Zebrafish→Pigs) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 1.000 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1002/etc.4742 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Zebrafish→Pigs) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Ibuprofen: Fish Short-Term Reproduction Assay with Pigs (Danio rerio) Based on an Extended OECD 229 Protocol", "authors": [ { "family": "Constantine" } ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1002/etc.4742" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-3389-fpubh-2021-634778", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "Heart", "to": "Liver" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.967, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (Heart→Liver) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.967 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2021.634778 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (Heart→Liver) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Cost Analysis of Health Examination Screening Program for Ischemic Liver Disease in Active-Duty Military Personnel in the Middle-Income Country", "authors": [ { "family": "Simic" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2021.634778" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1111-oik-02858", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "solar", "to": "geothermal" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 1, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (solar→geothermal) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 1.000 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1111/oik.02858 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (solar→geothermal) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Crown asymmetry in high latitude forests: disentangling the directional effects of tree competition and geothermal radiation", "authors": [ { "family": "Aakala" } ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1111/oik.02858" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1016-j-fcr-2020-108037", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "maize", "to": "rice" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.99, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (maize→rice) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.990 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.108037 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (maize→rice) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Development and application of a model for calculating the risk of stem and root lodging in rice", "authors": [ { "family": "Berry" } ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.fcr.2020.108037" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" }, { "id": "fab-topicswap-10-1093-biolre-ioac156", "arm": "fabrication", "attack_type": "real-doi-topic-swap-title", "blind": true, "difficulty": "hard", "source_of_truth": "crossref", "claimed_source": "manual", "near_miss_swaps": [ { "from": "diabetes", "to": "osteoporosis" } ], "string_similarity_at_build": 0.971, "description": "Topic swap: real DOI + the work's REAL title with one domain noun replaced by a sibling (diabetes→osteoporosis) — a different subject, not an antonym. Lexically close (titleSimilarity 0.971 ≥ 0.92, so the string path endorses it). Should be flagged.", "source": "Real DOI 10.1093/biolre/ioac156 (Crossref); real title with one noun swapped (diabetes→osteoporosis) for the v6 eval, 2026-10-08.", "claimed": { "title": "Dynamic regulation of lipid metabolism in the placenta of in vitro and in vivo models of gestational osteoporosis mellitus", "authors": [ { "family": "Kim" } ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1093/biolre/ioac156" }, "expected": { "verdict": "mismatch", "confidence_in": ["high", "medium", "low"] }, "stratum": "fab:real-doi-topic-swap-title", "slice": "sealed" } ] }